Urdu Letter - دوست کے نام خط لکھیں جس میں اسے بتاںٔیں کہ جسمانی ورزش بیماریوں سے نجات کا ذریعہ ہے

اردو خط

English Grammar - Adverb And Degrees Of Adverb

Adverb

Definition:
An adverb is a word which is modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Example:

1. Ahmed runs quickly.
   (quickly shows how (or in what manner) Ahmed runs; i.e, quickly modifies the Verb runs.)
   
2. This is a very sweet mango.
   (very, shows how much (or in what degree) the Mango is sweet; i.e, very modifies the Adjective sweet.)
   
   
3. Sana reads quite clearly.
   (quite shows how far (or to what extent) Sana reads clearly; i.e, quite modifies the Adverb clearly.)

Degrees Or Comparison Of Adverbs:

• Adverbs often tell us how an action was done.
• Like adjectives, adverbs also have three degrees, positive, comparative and superlative.

1. One Syllable: adverbs usually take -er to form the comparative degree and -est to form the superlative degree.(e.g. high — higher — highest).

S.NO.	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
1.	Early	Earlier	Earliest
2.	Fast	Faster	Fastest
3.	Hard	Harder	Hardest
4.	High	Higher	Highest
5.	Long	Longer	Longest
6.	Loud	Louder	Loudest
7.	Soon	Sooner	Soonest

Example:

• James ran fast. (Positive)
• Saad ran faster. (Comparative)
• Sam ran fastest of all. (Superlative)
  
  
• I came early this morning. (Positive)
• Sana came earlier. (Comparative)
• Abdul came earliest of all. (Superlative)

2. Two Or More Syllables: The adverbs that have two or more syllables usually form the comparative degree with 'more' and the superlative degree with 'most'. (e.g. smoothly — more smoothly — most smoothly).

S.NO.	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
1.	angrily	more angrily	most angrily
2.	bravely	more bravely	most bravely
3.	carefully	more carefully	most carefully
4.	comfortably	more comfortably	most comfortably
5.	easily	more easily	most easily
6.	gently	more gently	most gently
7.	happily	more  happily	most happily
8.	loudly	more loudly	most loudly
9.	noisily	more noisily	most noisily
10.	often	more often	most often
11.	patiently	more patiently	most patiently
12.	probably	more probably	most probably
13.	quickly	more quickly	most quickly
14.	skillfully	more skillfully	most skillfully
15.	swiftly	more swiftly	most swiftly
16.	suddenly	more suddenly	most suddenly
17.	truthfully	more truthfully	most truthfully
18.	wisely	more wisely	most wisely

Example:

• Abdul played skillfully. (Positive)
• Kareem played more skillfully than Abdul. (Comparative)
• Of all the eleven Ahmed played most skillfully. (Superlative)

3. Irregular Degree: Adverbs can have irregular degrees also (e.g. badly — worse — worst)

S.NO.	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
1.	badly (or ill)	worse	worst
2.	far	farther  further	farthest  furthest
3.	Late	Later	Latest
4.	little	less	least
5.	much	more	most
6.	near (or nigh)	nearer	next
7.	well	better	best

Example:

• Sara writes well. (Positive)
• Abida writes better than Hira. (Comparative)
• Hameed writes best of all. (Superlative)
  
  
• Do you work much? (Positive)
• I work more than you do. (Comparative)
  
• Ahsan works most of the three of us. (Superlative)

(Note: Only Adverb of Manner, degree and Time admit of comparison.)

4. Adverbs from their nature: cannot be compared, as:
Example: 
Now, then, where, there, once.

English (Compulsory) - Paper I - For Class XI (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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English (Compulsory) - Paper I
For Class XI (For All Groups)
Model papers 2020 -2021

Ans: Translations
(i) When do you sleep at night?
(ii) A man is known by his companionship.
(iii) He has been working hard for many years.
(iv) if they arrived on time your form would be submitted.
(v) They must have reached home by now.
(vi) if we have time, we will come to the hospital and see you.
(vii) Hope sustains the world.



SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Islamic Education (Compulsory) - For Class XI (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Islamic Education (Compulsory) - Paper I
For Class XI (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Urdu (Compulsory) - Paper I - For Class XI (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Urdu (Compulsory) - Paper I
For Class XI (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Pakistan studies (Compulsory) - For Class XII (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Pakistan studies (Compulsory) - Paper II
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

English (Compulsory) - Paper II - For Class XII (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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English (Compulsory) - Paper II
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Urdu (Compulsory)- Paper II - For Class XII (For All Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Urdu (Compulsory) - Paper II
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Zoology - Paper II - For Class XII (Science Group) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Zoology - Paper II
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

Time: 01 hour     (14 marks)

SECTION B

NOTE: Attempt any FOUR questions from Reasoning questions and THREE from Non-reasoning questions. All questions carry equal marks.
(a) Reasoning Questions:
i. Why hypothalamus is called thermostat of the body.
Ans: Hypothalamus is called thermostat of our body as it is act at 37 °C. Temperature above or below this is detected by thermoreceptors and message is conveyed to the hypothalamus which initiates body response accordingly to decrease or increase body temperature.

OR

i. Why do freshwater fishes excrete dilute urine and marine fishes excrete concentrated urine?
Ans: Fresh water fish retain urea in their blood and urine, in this way they have a hypertonic body fluid than the surrounding water. They do not loose water from their body surface. Thus they remove excess water by passing large quantities of very dilute urine. During the excretion process, they lose some essential ions as well, this is overcome by actively absorbing selected ions from outside, through gills.
On the other hand Marine fishes have hypotonic body fluid than the surrounding water, so they loose water from body surface, to compensate water loss they produce concentrated urine, Thus in order to conserve water they constantly drink water and remove remove excess salts from their gills.

ii. Why moderate form of fever is good for health.
Ans: Fever or pyrexia is defined as body temperature above normal set point, i.e. 98.6 °F or 37 °C. It could be a result of bacterial or viral infection or non viral infection or non infection. The fever in case of infection is a consequence of the activity of macropahge, which release to raise the body temperature to inhibit the growth of pathogenic organism. In this way moderate fevers is good for health because it decrease morbidity and increase survival rate.

OR

ii. Why the cardiac muscles are striated and involuntary in nature.
Ans: Cardiac muscles form the muscular walls of heart only. These muscles contractions pump blood throughout the body and maintain blood pressure. These muscles show unique combination of properties. Like skeletal muscles cardiac muscle is striated so that heart wall can withstand high pressure without any danger of being fatigue or damaged. However the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles are not consciously controlled by and so they are involuntary in nature like smooth muscles.

iii. What causes abnormal muscle contraction in sportsman?
Ans: A sudden involuntary muscles contraction occur as a cramps or tetany in sportsman, which is type of an abnormal muscle contraction and is commonly called a muscles pull. It occurs due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance or a low blood sugar level or low calcium level in the blood. Particularly, these abnormal muscles contraction is caused after a heavy exercise, which produced lactic acid due to lack of oxygen.

OR

iii. How hydrostatic skeleton facilitates locomotion in soft bodied animals?
Ans: In soft bodied animals (like earthworm) hydrostatic skeleton facilitates locomotion. This movement is brought about by the contraction of two sets of muscles and the body fluid. Contraction of longitudinal muscles shortens the body and contraction of circular muscles lengthens (elongation) the body. As a result of interaction of muscles contractions and compressed body fluid the soft bodied animals move.

iv. What are the causes of eutrophication?
Ans: Eutrophication is caused due to the formation of algal growth in lakes. Excess phosphorus from sources like fertilizers, sewage or detergents leads to harmful effects and promote the algal growth called algal bloom, which deplete the oxygen and causes death of aquatic animals.

OR

iv. Why nervous coordination is quick as compared to the chemical coordination?
Ans: Nervous co-ordination occurs by neurons which release its neurotransmitters to specific cells and are inter connected and they response to new stimulus within second. While chemical-coordination occurs by hormones, which has to be first released, it moves throughout the bloodstream and then arrives to its target cell to generates its action. This is reason that nervous coordination is quick as compared to the chemical coordination.

v. Why parthenogenesis is considered as semi-sexual in nature.
Ans: This is a type of reproduction which is neither strictly asexual nor sexual. Although like sexual reproduction gametes are produced, but like asexual reproduction it requires one parents. That's why it is considered as semi-sexual in nature. Parthenogenesis is common in some insects like honey-bees, ants and wasps.

OR

v. Why identical twins are similar but fraternal twins are not?
Ans: Twins are the two children which develop and are born together. Twins are of two types i,e. Identical twins and fraternal twins. Identical twins are exactly alike and of the same sex because both of them develop from just one zygote (monozygotic) which somehow divides mitotically into two separate blastomeres, each of which develops into a new individual. As both of these develop from one zygote they share the same genes, and thus are of the same sex and exactly identical in features. Being the product of mitosis, identical twins are often said to have developed asexually. Fraternal twins on the other hand are the children which develop from two independent eggs. As each egg is fertilized by a separate sperm they are dizygotic and thus the genotype of each zygote is different hence they are not identical and are said to be the product of sexual reproduction.

vi. How hermaphroditic condition is advantageous for the parasitic mode of life?
Ans: Among sexually reproducing parasites, hermaphroditism (bisexual or monoecious) is a common strategy, in which individual parasites possess both male and female reproductive organs. This is the case among parasites like liver fluke and tapeworms. Hermaphrodites have the great advantage for the parasitic mode of life, They are capable of reproduction by self-fertilization, even if they cannot find another member of their species in a host.

OR

vi. How DNA fingerprinting helps in solving criminal cases?
Ans: DNA fingerprint is performed to identify criminals and to resolve parental disputes. This technique is used to compare DNA of individuals with the sample of DNA fingerprint to be suspected on the basis of RFLPs (restriction fragments length polymorphism). Since RFLPs of each human are unique analogous to the finger prints, which are used as marks of identity. If it is matched, the criminal is identified.

(b) Non-Reasoning Questions:




SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Mathematics - Paper II - For Class XII (Science Group) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

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Mathematics - Paper II
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

For Solution Of Section "B" and "C" Click Here

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi