Business Mathematics - For Class ICOM - Part 1 (Commerce Group) - Model papers with solved MCQs 2020 -2021

Go To Index
Business Mathematics
For Class XI (Commerce Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

Time: 50 Minutes

Max. Marks: 25

SECTION 'B'

(SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS) (15 Marks)

Q2. Answer any three part question. All questions carry equal marks.
(i) If 16 men paint 8 houses in 7 days. How many houses can 5 men paint in 14 days?
SOLUTION 2(i):

(ii) Perform the following binary operations:
(a) 1011 + 1001 — 111
(b) 1001 x 101
SOLUTION 2(ii):

(iii) Find the compound interest and accumulate amount on Rs.60000 for 5 years at 7% per annum compounded quarterly.
SOLUTION 2(iii):
P = Rs. 60,000
n = 5 years
i = 7% or 0.07

A = P (1 + ⁱ/₄)⁴ⁿ
A = 60,000 (1 + ^0.07/₄)^{4 x 5}
A = 60,000 (1 + 0.0175) ²⁰
A = 60,000 (1.0175) ²⁰
A = 60,000 x 1.414778
A = Rs. 84, 886.69 Ans.

Compound Interest = 84, 886.69 - 60,000
Compound Interest = 24, 886.69 Ans.

(iv) Find the inverse of the matrix A=
[2  -8]
[3   6]
SOLUTION 2(iv):

OR

(a) Convert the binary number 1011₂ to its equivalent decimal number.
SOLUTION 2(iv)(a):
1011₂
⇒ (1 x 2³) + (0 x 2²) + (1 x 2¹) + (1 x 2⁰)
⇒ (1 x 8) + (0 x 4) + (1 x 2) + (1 x 1)
⇒ 8 + 0 +2 + 1
⇒ 11
⇒ (1011)₂ = (11)₁₀ Ans.

(b) Convert the decimal number 56 to the equivalent binary number.
SOLUTION 2(iv)(b):

(v) Find the equation of straight line passes through the point (2, 3) with slope=4. Also find x-intercept and y-intercept.
SOLUTION 2(v):
x_I = 2
y_I = 3
m = 4

Equation Of Straight Line
y - y_I = m(x - x_I)
y - 3 = 4(x - 2)
y - 3 = 4x - 8
y - 3 - 4x + 8 = 0
- 4x + y + 5 = 0
4x - y - 5 = 0
OR
y = 4x - 5

Comparing with y = mx + c
y = 4x - 5
Slope and y-intercept:
Slope = m = 4
y-intercept = c - 5

x-intercept:
4x - y - 5 = 0
4x - 0 - 5 = 0
4x = 5
x = 5 /4 Ans.

SECTION 'C'

(DETAILED —ANSWER QUESTIONS) (10 Marks)

Answer any one question from this section. All questions carry equal marks.
Q3. (a) Solve the equation:
-2 /2x+1 - 4 / 2x-1 = 5
SOLUTION 3(a):

(b) Solve the following simultaneous equations by Cramer's Rule. x + 2y = 6, 2x + 7y = 3
SOLUTION 3(b):
x + 2y = 6
2x + 7y = 3

Q4. (a) For the equation x2 — 5x +6 = 0, find the vertex and roots of the parabola.
SOLUTION 4(a):
y = ax² + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 1, b = -5, c = 6

(b) Distribute Rs. 120000 among three partners A, B and C such that A:B = 1:2 and B:C = 3:1.
SOLUTION 4(b):
A:B = 1:2 and B:C = 3:1

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Accounting - Paper 1 - For Class ICOM - Part 1 (Commerce Group) - Model papers with solved MCQs 2020 -2021

Go To Index
Accounting - Paper I
For Class XI (Commerce Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

Time: 1 Hour 30 Min.       Max. Marks: 50

SECTION "B" (SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS) (30 Marks)

Note: Attempt any Three questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks.
Q.No.2: The following transactions relate to Mr. Kashif, a sole trader during March 2021:
Mar 01: Started business with cash investment of Rs.50,000.
Mar 04: Opened a bank account with Rs.10,000.
Mar 07: Purchased goods on credit from Mr. Adnan for Rs.4,000.
Mar 10: Goods returned to Mr. Adnan for Rs.500
Mar 16: Sold goods on account to Mr. Basit for Rs.6,000.
Mar 22: Received cash Rs.3,000 from Mr. Basit.
Mar 25: Withdrew cash from bank Rs.2,000 for personal use.
Required:
Make journal entries in standard form giving narration below each entry.
SOLUTION 2:

MR. KASHIF

GENERAL JOURNAL

Date	Particulars	P/R	Debit	Credit
Mar. 01	Cash   Capital  (To record cash invested in the business)		50,000	50,000
Mar. 04	Bank   Cash   (To record the cash deposited into bank)		10,000	10,000
Mar. 07	Purchases   Accounts payable (Mr. Adnan)  (To record the goods purchased on account)		4,000	4,000
Mar. 10	Accounts payable (Mr. Adnan)   Purchase return and allowance  (To record the goods returned to supplier)		500	500
Mar. 16	Accounts receivable (Mr. Basit)   Sales  (To record the sold goods on account)		6,000  -:-	6,000
Mar. 22	Cash   Accounts receivable (Mr. Basit)  (To record the cash collected from customer)		3,000	3,000
Mar. 25	Drawings   Bank  (To record the withdrew cash from bank for personal use)		2,000	2,000

Q.No.3: Take the transactions contained in question no.2 of this paper and
Required:
Setup necessary T-accounts in the general ledger and post the transactions there-in. Foot and Balance the accounts.
SOLUTION 3:

MR. KASHIF

GENERAL LEDGER

Q.No.4: Majid, a trader, uses a three column cash book. On September 1, 2020 he had cash on hand Rs.78,000 and cash at bank Rs.109,000. During September, he completed the following transactions:
Sep 01: Sold goods for cash Rs.30,000 and on account Rs.20,000.
07: Received a cheque for Rs.17,500 from Jamal in full settlement of his account of Rs.18,000.
11: Issued a cheque for Rs.14,700 to Mubeen in full settlement of their account of Rs.15,000.
18: Deposited into bank the cheque received on Sep. 7.
27: Withdrew cash from bank Rs.7,000 for personal use and Rs.5,000 for office use.
Required:
a) Prepare a three-column cash book and record the above transactions.
b) Balance the Cash Book on September 30. Bring down the balances on October 1, 2020.

SOLUTION 4

MAJID

THREE COLUMN CASH BOOK

FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2020

5. The following transactions were completed by Mr. Fahim during October 2020:
Oct. 02: Purchased goods on account from Mr. Salim for Rs.24,000.
Oct. 06: Purchased merchandise on credit from Mr. Rahim for Rs.16,000.
Oct. 10: Purchased Furniture on credit from Mr. Shah for Rs.12,000.
Oct. 14: Returned merchandise to Mr Salim worth Rs.4,000. Oct.
20: Defective Furniture returned to Mr. Shah worth Rs.1,000.
Oct. 24: Purchased goods from Mr. Akram for Rs.18,000.
Oct. 28: Goods returned to Mr. Rahim worth Rs.3,000.
Required:
Record the above transactions in appropriate Special Journals. Ignore the irrelevant transactions.

SOLUTION 5:

MR. FAHIM

PURCHASE JOURNAL

FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 2020

Date	Invoice No.	Name Of Suppliers	P/R	Amount
October 02 October 06 October 24		Mr. Salim  Mr. Rahim  Mr. Akram		24,000  16,000  18,000
October 31		Purchase       (Dr.)    Account payable   (Cr.)		58,000

MR. FAHIM

PURCHASE RETURN AND ALLOWANCE JOURNAL

FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 2020

Date	Invoice No.	Name Of Suppliers	P/R	Amount
October 14 October 28		Mr. Salim  Mr. Rahim		4,000  3,000
October 31		Account payable      (Dr.)   Purchase Return and allowance   (Cr.)		7,000

Q.No.6: The following data relate to Yasir and Co. on January 31, 2021:
A. Balance as per Cash Book Rs.10,550.
B. Balance as per Bank Statement Rs.13,000.
C. Cheques deposited into bank for Rs.30,000, of which bank has collected Rs.16,000.
D. Cheques issued for payment Rs.40,000, of which Rs.31,000 were paid by bank.
E. Profit credited by bank Rs.850 not recorded in the cash book.
F. Bank charges Rs.400 recorded in bank statement only.
G. Online deposit by a customer Rs.7,000 not recorded in the cash book.
Required:
Prepare a bank reconciliation statement as on Jan. 31, 2021.

SOLUTION 6:

YASIR AND CO.

BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT

FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 31, 2021

Particulars	Cash Book	Pass Book
Unadjustable balance  Add: Uncleared cheques  Less: Outstanding cheques  Add: Profit by bank  Less: Bank charges   Add: Direct deposit by customer (Accounts receivable)	10,550 850 (400) 7,000	13,000 14,000 (9,000)
Adjustable Balance	18,000	18,000

SECTION "C" (DETAILED-ANSWER QUESTION)
(20 Marks)

Note: Attempt the following questions which is compulsory.
Q.No.7: The following balances taken from the pre-closing trial balance of Raza Traders as on December 31, 2020:
Cash Rs.42,000, Accounts Receivable Rs.48,000, Merchandise Inventory (01-01-20) Rs.18,000, Furniture Rs.130,000, Allowance for depreciation-furniture Rs.13,000, Accounts Payable Rs.17,000, Capital-Raza Rs.160,000, Sales Rs.210,000, Purchases Rs.106,000, Prepaid Insurance Rs.16,000, Salaries Expense 20,000, Sales returns Rs.10,000, Drawing — Raza Rs.10,000.

Supplementary data for adjustments:
1. Salaries outstanding Rs.4,000
2. Insurance unexpired Rs.10,000
3. 10% Depreciation was estimated on furniture.
4. Provide bad debts @ 2% of net sales.
5. Merchandise Inventory on Dec. 31 Rs.14,000
Required: Prepare any two of the following:
a) Adjusting Entries
b) Income Statement
c) Balance Sheet

SOLUTION 7:

RAZA TRADERS

GENERAL JOURNAL (ADJUSTING ENTRIES)

FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

Date	Particulars	P/R	Debit	Credit
1.	Salaries expenses    Salaries payable  (To adjust the unpaid salaries)		4,000	4,000
2.	Insurance expenses    Prepaid insurance  (To adjust the prepaid insurance)		6,000	6,000
3.	Depreciation expenses (130,000 x 10%)    Allowance for depreciation - Furniture  (To adjust the depreciation expenses on furniture)		13,000	13,000
4.	Bad debts expenses [(210,000 - 10,000) x 2%]    Allowance for bad debts  (To adjust the bad debts expenses)		4,000	4,000
5.	Merchandise inventory    Expense and revenue summary  (To close the merchandise Inventory)		14,000	14,000

RAZA TRADERS

INCOME STATEMENT

FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

RAZA TRADERS

BALANCE SHEET

AS ON DECEMBER 31, 2020

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

POC - Paper I - For Class ICOM - Part 1 (Commerce Group) - Solved Model papers 2020 -2021

Go To Index
Principle Of Commerce - Paper I
For Class XI (Commerce Group)
Solved Model papers 2020 -2021

Time Allowed: 1:20 hrs        (28 Marks)

SECTION "B" (SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Note: Answer any 5 part Questions from this section. All Questions carry equal marks. No answer should exceed 6-10 lines.

Q.No.2: (i) Describe the means of transportation.
Ans: Means of Transportation:
1. Road Transport:
Road transport is used to carry good passenger from one place to another place. In our country where other of transport are not available, road transport plays very important role.

2. Railway Transport:
This method of transportation is very popular and suitable for bulky commodities. In Pakistan railways are governed by government and the freight rates and fares are fixed by the government only.

3. Water Transport:
Water transport is the cheapest means of transportation. Boats, steamers, ships etc. on rivers, canals and on oceans are used in this type of transport.

4. Air Transport:
It is the fastest mode of transport and it can cover long and very long distances in few hours. The only drawback of this type of transport is it is too costly.

Q.No.2: (ii) State the services of wholesalers to retailer.
Ans: Services of Wholesaler to Retailer:

1. The wholesaler buys in large quantities and sell them at convenient lots to the retailers.
2. Credit facility: The wholesaler provides finance and credit facilities to the retailer and thereby relieves the financial difficulties of the retailer.
3. The retailer is not required to carry huge stale as he can get them from the wholesaler at regular interval. By extending credit has saved the retailers a lot.
4. The wholesaler provides valuable advice to the retailer on all matters relating to new product and market condition and thereby relieves him from collection of market data.
5. The wholesaler gives trade discounts on bulk purchase and as such it enables the retailers to earn handful amount of profit.
6. Supplying goods according to the demand: the retailers due to smaller capital cannot hold a big stock of any commodity but the wholesaler by holding large stock of different varieties of goods enables the retailers to make purchase in small quantities at interval and to carry on business with less capital.
7. Facilitating choice of selection: a wholesaler hold large stocks of different varieties of goods and thus enables the retailers to exercise there choice and selection.
8. The stocks held by wholesalers enable the retailer to obtain supplies more quickly than they can from manufacturer.

Q.No.2: (iii) Enlist the name of the documents used in exporting goods.
Ans: Documents Used In Exporting Goods:

1. Indent
2. Letter of credit (L/C)
3. Bill of exchange (B/E)
4. Bill of lading (B/L)
5. Shipping order
6. Proforma invoice
7. Insurance receipt
8. Dock receipt
9. Mate receipt
10. Export invoice
11. Consular invoice
12. Certificate of origins
13. Shipping bill

Q.No.2: (iv) Describe the advantages of sole proprietorship.
Ans: Advantages of Sole Proprietorship:
1. Easy to Start:
The formation of sole proprietorship is quite easy than partnership and company. There are no legal formalities for starting this business.

2. Easy to Dissolve:
It is easy to dissolve because the sole trader is not required to take permission for the dissolution either from shareholders or from partners.

3. Freedom of Action:
A sole trade has maximum freedom to take decision at his own end. He can wind up his business or he can change his business place from me place to another.

4. Owners of all Profit:
In sole proprietorship, the sole traders is the master of his business and is entitled to retain the entre profit of the business.

5. Low Taxes:
He has to pay minimum income tax and other taxes than in partnership and Joint Stock Company.

6. Secrecy:
A sole trader can maintain secrets of his business but it is not possible to keep secret in partnership or Joint Stock Company.

Q.No.2: (v) State channels of distribution.
Ans: Channels of Distribution:
Channels are means through which goods move from the point of production to the point of consumption. These are filled by those businessmen who are in between producers and consumers. Channels of distribution can be divided as:

1. Direct Channel:
   It is the channel where manufacturers have direct link with the consumers without any middleman.
   
   
2. Indirect Channel:
   It is the channel where there is a middleman between manufacturers and consumers.

Q.No.2 (vi) Write any four characteristic of partnership.
Ans: Characteristics of Partnership:

1. Two or More Persons:
   There must be atleast two persons to bring partnership into existence. A limit of 10 persons if it is a banking business and 20 persons for other business.
   
   
2. Unlimited Liability: 
   Each and every partner is liable jointly and severally for the obligations of the partnership firm. If assets of the business are not sufficient to meet the liabilities of creditors then private property of partners can be used to meet them.
   
   
3. Restriction on Transfer of Shares:
   No partner can transfer his interest in the firm (except to an existing partner(s)) to an outsider without the consent of all other partners.
   
   
4. Sharing of profits:
   An agreement among partners should provide for sharing of profits and losses. Profit sharing is only a prima facia test of partnership but not a conclusive proof.
   
   

Q.No.2: (vii) Explain the various kinds of warehouses.
Ans: Kinds of Warehousing:

1. Public warehouses:
   The public warehouse is essential space that can be leased to solve short-term distribution needs. Retailers that operate their own private warehouses may seek additional storage space if their facilities have reached capacity or if they are making a special, large purchase of products.
   
   
2. Private Warehouse:
   This type of warehouse is maintained by manufacturing companies, wholesalers, etc. for storage of their own stocks.
   
   
3. Bonded Warehouses:
   These are warehouses licensed by the government and are permitted to accept goods under-bond, i.e. goods for which duty is yet to be paid. These are generally owned by the dock authorities and function under the strict surveillance of custom authorities.
   
   
4. Wholesale Warehouses:
   These are the warehouses which are operated by large wholesalers who buy in bulk quantities and store them in warehouse from where they supply goods to other businessmen.
   
   
5. Automatic Warehouses:
   With advances in computer technology many warehouses now have automated capabilities where machetes are used to handle nearly all physical distribution activities.

SECTION "C" (DETAILED-ANSWER QUESTIONS)
(12 Marks)

Note: Answer any ONE Question (with detail) from this section.

Q.No.3: Describe in detail the step by step procedure or importing goods from a foreign country and list the documents used in this procedure.
Ans: Import Procedure:
The procedure of import trade is as follows:

1. Registration:
It is imperative as a first step for the importer that he should registered himself as commercial importer or industrial raw material user or the consumer with the chief controller of imports and exports. The intended importer is supposed to submit the following documents with chief controller:

• Receipt of rent of the place where he runs business.
• The name of the banker and his account number.
• Certificate of nationality or his passport.
• Income tax assessment order.
• Income tax certificate.
• Membership certificate from Chamber of Commerce.
• Profit and loss account of atleast one financial year.

2. Obtain the Import License:
The next stage is to obtain the license of the goods which importer wants to import. The license is issued by the chief controller of imports and exports. Import license is the permit given by the government to import certain goods.

3. Correspondence with Foreign Exporter:
After having the import license, the importer initiates correspondence with the foreign exporter regarding the price, brand, quality, time and mode of payment, delivery, shipping and packing of the goods to be imported.

4. Preform Invoice / Quotation / Order:
Now proforma invoice is prepared in which the name of importer, his address, details of goods to be imported, their prices, standard and the value in either US Dollars or British Pounds.

5. Appointment of Indenters:
At this stage, the importer appoints indenter who is acting within the country as the agent of the foreign exporter. It should be noted that it is also necessary for the indenter to get himself registered with the chief controller of imports and exports.

6. Insurance Cover:
It Is the imperative for the importer to get the goods insured against theft, fire, decrease in number of goods and ship accident from local insurance company. The importer will get Insurance Cover as consequence getting his goods insured.

7. Letter of Credit (L/C):
At this step, the importer has to arrange for the opening of letter of credits through his local bankers. The letter of credit is then forward to the exporter through the banker.

8. Preparations of Exporter:
The exporter, on the other hand, makes preparations to send the goods according to the order of the importer.

9. Preparation of Bill of Exchange:
The exporters (prepares a bill of exchange in the name of importer and gets it accepted from the importer's banker after which, receiving the advice of letter of credit, he hands over the shipping documents (includes invoice, Certificate of origin, certificate of measurement and weight, bill of landing) to the shipping company. After completing this formality, he receives the amount in the letter of credit.

10. Payment of the Bill:
In this stage, the importer will pay the bill. If the importer falls to pay the bill he may ask his banker to pay the bill by granting him loans against the goods imported. In that case, the bank will ask the importer to give the letter of hypothetication on the strength of which the bank will hold the goods.

11. Appointment of a Clearing Agent:
After receiving all the relevant papers, he hands them over to his clearing agent. The clearing agent makes arrangement to get the goods cleared and received which according to his applications might have reached the port. The clearing agent is paid certain commission for his services.

12. Payment of Custom Duty and Sale Tax:
When the imported goods reach the port, the custom inspectors confirm whether goods are according to the invoice. Afterwards, they calculate custom duty, sates tax, and other taxes on the goods imported. After the payment of this amount, the goods get cleared and are handed over to the clearing agent of the importer.

Documents Used In Export Trade:

1. Indent
2. Letter of treat (L/C)
3. Bill of exchange [B/E)
4. Bill of landing (B/L)
5. Shipping order
6. Proforma invoice
7. Insurance receipt
8. Dock receipt
9. Mate receipt
10. Export invoice
11. Consular invoice
12. Certificate Of origin
13. Shipping bill

Q.No.4 What is Joint Stock Company explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Joint stock Company, describe the memorandum of association and article of association.
Ans: Company:
A corporate enterprise that has a legal identity separate horn that of its members, it operates as one single unit, in the success of which all the members participate. A company may have limited liability (limited company), so that the liability of the members of the company's debt is limited. An unlimited company in one in which the liability of the members is not limited in any way. A company may be registered as a public limited company or a private company. The shares of a private company may not be offered to the public for sale.

ADVANTAGES OF JOINT STOCK COMPANY:
The advantages of the company are as follows:

1. HUGE AMOUNT OF CAPITAL:
The small value of shares allow a large number of persons to invest so due to limited and issuance of shares, large capital may be raised by a Joint Stock Company.

2. LIMITED LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS:
The liability of shareholders is limited to the investment of them. It means that if the business is going to be lost, the shareholders are not liable to lose anything from the private property.

3. EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT:
The management of the Joint Stock Company is carried out by directors who are able, experienced and trustees of shareholders. The management is thus, in the hands of experts.

4. STABILITY OF BUSINESS:
Life of the company is unlimited. It cannot be liquidated by admission, retirement, insanity, bankruptcy, or death of a shareholder.

5. EASE OF EXPANSION:
In Joint Stock Company, if it is desirable to expand the business, it can be easily done by issue of more and more shares and debentures.

6. EASY TRANSFERABILITY OF SHARES:
The shares of a company are freely bought and sold in stock exchange market and a shareholder can withdraw his money whenever required by selling his shares to others.

7. LEGAL ENTITY:
The company has legal entity distinct from the shareholders. The company can enter into any contract with any person or company on the behalf of the company's name.

DISADVANTAGES Of JOINT STOCK COMPANY:
The disadvantages of the company are as follows:

1. TAXATION:
The income of the company is dually taxed, first as an income of the company and second as the income of the shareholders.

2. ORGANIZATIONAL EXPENSE:
A great cost is required in the formation cf company like registration fees, legal fees, prospectus publication fees.

3. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS AND REPORTS:
All corporations have to pay registration fees to the government. They must submit annual financial statements to the registrar.

4. LACK OF SECRECY:
Secrecy cannot be maintained here because each and every formula or terms are expressed to all the shareholder regarding the volume of sales, margin of profits, etc.

5. LACK OF CREDIT STANDING:
The creditor knows that his loan can only be recovered from the business assets of the company. The personal property of the shareholder cannot be utilized if the company assets are insufficient in the settlement of debts.

6. LACK OF PERSONAL INTEREST:
As compared to other forms of business, such organizations lack personal interest, because the management knows that they will be paid in any condition.

MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION:
It is the document which sets out the constitution of the company and as such is really the foundation on which the structure of company rests. It must contain the following clauses:

1. NAME CLAUSE:
In this clause the full name of the company is shown and the last word of the name of the company must be limited. An already registered name cannot be adopted.

2. OBJECT CLAUSE:
This clause is very important and must be very carefully drafted as it determines the activities of the company. Here each and every detail of activities of the business to be carried out must be Laid down.

3. DOMICILE CLAUSE:
This act provides that the company must have a registered office so that registrar may be able to send notice, etc. to the company at the registered office.

4. LIABILITY CLAUSE:
This clause states that the liability of the shareholders is limited to the amount Invested by shareholders in the company.

5. CAPITAL CLAUSE:
This clause must contain a statement as to the amount of capital with which the company proposes to be registered and the division therefore into shares at certain fixed amounts.

ARTICLES Of ASSOCIATION:
An article of Association contains rule and regulation regarding the internal work and management of the company. It defines the power, rights and duties of directors, shareholders and other officers.
The contents of angles of association are as follows:

1. Name and address of directors and their qualifications.
2. Appointment, election of directors.
3. Time period of the position held by directors.
4. Name, address, qualification of the chairman and the managing director.
5. Name, address, qualification, appointment, election of auditor of company.
6. Salaries, allowances, fees, etc. of the chairman, directors, and auditors.
7. Name, address, qualification, salary of the secretary.
8. Financial year of the company.
9. Procedure of audit.
10. Prospectus of the company.
11. Company meetings and procedure to call them.
12. Notice and agenda.
13. Minutes of the company.
14. Premium or discount on shares.
15. Installments on shares.
16. Call - in - arrears on shares.
17. Dividends.
18. Kinds of capital, shares, debentures.
19. Inventory valuation method.
20. Method of depreciation.

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Computer Science (New) - For Class IX - UNIT. 6. Web Development - Short and Descriptive Questions Answers

GO TO INDEX

Chapter No.6. Web Development
Descriptive Questions Answers

Q.1: What is web development?
Ans: Web Development:
Development of web sites and online applications is called web development.
This is done by coding in different languages and by using several web development tools and frameworks.
A complete web application may consist of a:

• User Interface
• Back-End Server Codes and
• a Database.

Q.2:Define the following terms?
(i) World Wide Web (WWW), (ii) Web Page, (iii) Website, (iv) Web Browser, (v) Uniform Resource Locator (URL), (vi) Search Engine, (vii) Home Page, (viii) Web Hosting, (ix) Web Server
Ans: Definition of Terms:
(i) World Wide Web (WWW):

• The word world wide web (www) is commonly known as the web.
• The Web is a collection of computers connected through a network to provide publicly accessible information.

(ii) Web Page:

• A webpage is a document commonly written in HTML that is accessible through internet by using internet browser.

(iii) Website:

• A website is a collection of web pages containing text, images, and all types of multimedia related to a specific set of information.
• A website can be accessed through a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

(iv) Web Browser:

• A web browser is a software application for accessing websites on the world wide web.
• Example:
  Most common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.

v) Uniform Resource Locator (URL):

• It is the address of a resource on the internet.
• e.g. (https://www.google.com).
• Components Of URL:
  It includes the following two components.
  (a) The protocol used to access the resource (https://)
  (b) The location of the server. (www.google.com)

(vi) Search Engine:

• A Search Engine is a web-based tool that enables a user to locate information on the web.
• Example:
  Most popular search engines are Google, Yahoo, and Bing.

(vii) Home Page:

• A home page (also known as landing page) is a web page that serves as the starting point of the website.

(viii) Web Hosting:

• Web Hosting is a service that allows a web developer to make a website publicly accessible through the internet.

(ix) Web Server:

• A web server is the computer that is responsible for serving a website and all of its content including text and media to a user.

Q.3: Describe the different types of website?
Ans: Types Of Website:
There are different types of specialized websites such as Portal, News, Informational, Educational, Personal, Business, Blogs, Forums, Entertainment and Social.

(1) Portal:

• A web portal is a website that provides a single access point of information for all of its users.
• It collects information from different sources like emails, forums, search engines and presents it to the user in a uniform way.
• Example:
  Yahoo and MSN are common examples of web portal.

(2) News:

• A news website is the modern-day alternative for newspapers.
• Such websites contain everyday information related to current affairs, sports, politics, weather, health, technology, entertainment, etc.

(3) Informational:

• Informational websites provide detailed information of any field.
• There are many dedicated informational websites for science, arts, sports, online trainings, research, etc.

(4) Educational:

• Educational websites are purely designed to deliver educational material for both, teachers and students.
• Example:
  sabaq.pk, khan academy.org, etc.

(5) Personal:

• A person can share about his or her biography or achievements in a custom developed website.

(6) Business:

• A business website is the best way for any organization to market their products and services.
• It also tells about the teams, policies and procedures of that business.
• For instance:
  www.psx.com.pk is the website of Pakistan Stock Exchange.

(7) Blogs:

• A blog is a special type of website that is composed of articles and posts.
• These articles are organized into categories and sorted by the time when they were published.
• Eample:
  Wordpress is a popular blog site.

(8) Forums:

• A forum is an online place where different users can discuss about any topic.
• These topics can be categorized so that users can easily locate topics of their interest.

(9) Entertainment:

• An entertainment website serves content like videos or games purely for the purpose of entertainment.
• Example:
  Youtube is widely used for entertainment.

(10) Social:

• Social website is a platform where different people get together and socialize with each other.
• They can also share their ideas, opinions and media.
• Example:
  Facebook and Twitter are instances of social networking websites.

Q.4: Define and explain HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)?
Ans: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):

• HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
• It is standard markup language for text documents.
• HTML is used to create web pages that are displayed by web browsers mainly on internet.
• HTML consists of a series of elements. These elements tell the browser how to display the content.
• It allows the user to create structured content by adding headings, paragraphs, links, blockquotes and other media.
• It takes advantage of simple code structures called tags and attributes to achieve formatting, graphic and navigation effects on web pages.

Q.5: What are the various steps involved in creating a web page?
Ans: Requirements:
Creating a simple web page using HTML is very easy.
It requires:

1. A text editor
2. A file with .html extension and
3. A web browser to view that page.

Steps Involved In Creating Web Page In HTML
Step 1: Text Editor (e.g. Notepad):

• Start by simply creating a new blank file in a text editor of your choice.
• A simple text editor like notepad can be used to start coding HTML for a web page.

Step 2: Write HTML code in Text Editor
Example:

Example Explained:

• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page.
• The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page.
• The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab).
• The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.

Step 3: Save HTML Page:

• Go to File menu and click on Save.
• Make sure to provide .htm or .html extension for the file being saved.
• This will save the document as a web page instead of a plain text file.

Step 4: View HTML Page in Browser:

• Open the saved HTML file in your default web browser.
• The web browser will automatically translate HTML codes to correctly display the web page.

Q.6: Define and explain HTML tags?
Ans: HTML Tags:

• HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.
• These elements are defined by placing HTML tags in our document.
• These tags are placed inside angular brackets (< >). Here (<) is called opening (start) tag and (>) is called closing (end) tag.
• Most of HTML tags always require a closing tag while some HTML tags such as
• are empty tags which means that they don't require a closing tag.
• Some tags also allow further customization by adding attributes to them.

HTML Tag Structure:
An HTML tag has the following structure:

• Simple Tag:
  <tag-name>content</tag-name>
  
  
• Tag with Attribute:
  <tag-name attribute-name= “attribute value”>content</tag-name>

Explanation:
The above syntaxes show:

• the structure of opening a tag,
• defining attribute values,
• placing content inside the element represented by that tag and
• its closing structure.

Q.7: Identify and explain HTML tags used for designing and formatting of the content?
Ans: HTML TAGS FOR DESIGNING AND FORMATTING OF THE CONTENT:

• Some HTML tags introduce content directly into the web page while others enhance the design and format of that content.
• Some most commonly used HTML tags which change the looks of the web page are:

TAG	DESCRIPTION
<!DOCTYPE html>	It specifies the HTML version used so the web browsers can show the web page according to HTML standards.  All HTML documents must start with this tag.
<html>	All HTML documents start with <html> tag and end with </html> tag.
<head>	It is used to define additional information about the web page.  It contains a set of tags such as < title> , < meta> , < style> , < script> , etc .
<body>	The main content of the web page is contained between < body>> and < /body> .

Titles and Footers:

TAG	DESCRIPTION
<title>	It defines the title of a web page.  Titles are very important as they appear on top of the browser window and displayed on search engine result pages.
<footer>	It defines the footer for a web page. e.g. “Copyright 2020. All rights reserved.”

Paragraphs and Line Breaks:

TAG	DESCRIPTION
<p>	It defines a paragraph of text in a webpage.  It always starts from a new line and adds space before and after its text.
<br>	It defines a line break and starts the following content from a new line.  Unlike <p> tag, it does not add space before or after the break.
<hr>	It draws a horizontal line where it is defined.  It is used to differentiate between sections of the page.

Headings:

TAG	DESCRIPTION
<h1> - <h6>	It is used to define six levels of HTML headings (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and h6) with <h1> being heaviest heading and <h6> being the lightest heading.

Text Formatting:

TAG	DESCRIPTION
<b> , <i> , <u>	These tags are used to bold, italicize and underline text respectively.
<pre>	It is used to define a preformatted text.  The web browser displays such text with spaces and line breaks as defined in HTML codes.
<font>	It is used to define the font, size and color of its text.  This tag can be composed with three attributes: size, color and face.  This tag is supported till version 4.1 of HTML.
<center>	It is used to align its text to the horizontal center of the web page.  This tag is supported till version 4.1 of HTML.
<sub>	It defines subscript text which is under the baseline of other text and has a smaller size. e.g. H2O
<sup>	It defines superscript text which is slightly above the normal line of other text and has a smaller size. e.g. E=mc2

Example:

Output:

Q.8: Define Html lists? How many types of lists can be created in HTML?
Ans: HTML Lists:

• HTML lists allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists.
• Lists are very useful in displaying point by point information such as:
  to-do list,
  list of ingredients for a recipe,
  list of categories, etc.
  
  

Types Of Lists In HTML:
HTML provides three different types of list elements namely:

1. Unordered Lists
2. Ordered Lists and
3. Description Lists

and there is another list name as:

• Nested List (list inside list)

The web browsers automatically add indents, spaces and markers to HTML lists.

1) Unordered List:

• An unordered list is a list of related items in which the order of items is irrelevant.
• It is defined by <ul> tag and each of its list item is defined by <li> tag.
• The web browser will display these list items as bullet points.

2) Ordered List:

• An ordered list also displays a list of related items.
• It is used where the order of the list is important e.g. names of students in order of their exam ranks.
• It is defined by <ol> tag and each of its list item is defined by <li>.
• The web browser will display these list items with numbers starting from 1 instead of bullet points. Ordered lists can also be defined with two of its attributes: start and reversed.
• Start attribute defines the starting number of first list item.
• Reversed attribute is used to display the list in descending order.
• The list items for ordered list can also be defined with a value attribute which is used to place that item at a specific position or number in the list.

3) Description List:

• Description lists are used to display different terms and their descriptions just like in a dictionary or glossary.
• It is defined by <dl> tag and each of its list items is composed of two elements: term and description.
• Term is defined by <dt> tag and its description is defined by <dd> tag.
• In description lists, a term can have one or more descriptions and a description can have one or more terms.

4) Nested Lists:

• HTML lists can be nested i.e. list inside list. Such lists are called nested lists.
• A very powerful feature of HTML lists is their ability to nest one into another.
• Any of the list type can contain any other list type as its list item.
• It is defined by placing the new list tag inside the <li> tag of previous list.
• Web browsers automatically indent nested lists and assign appropriate marker to those nested list items as well.

Q.9: How are images displayed in an HTML page?
Ans: IMAGE:

• Images give a visual appeal to the websites.
• Sometimes images can present a better understanding than long and uninteresting texts.
• Inserting Images in an HTML Page:
• Images can be inserted in an HTML document by using <img> tag.
• This does not create a copy of image. Instead, it only creates a reference to original image placed somewhere in the computer's storage.
• The <img> tag is an empty tag which means that it does not require a closing </img> tag.
• It contains five attributes out of which two are required and three are optional.

Attributes of Image Tag:

Attribute	Value	Description
src	URL	Defines the source or reference of the image le. Syntax: <img src=“image.jpg”>
alt	text	Defines alternate text for the image. Syntax: < img src=“image.jpg” alt=“Introduction ”>
width	pixels	Defines the display width of the image. Syntax: <img src=“image.jpg” width=“300”>
height	pixels	Defines the display height of the image. Syntax: <img src=“image.jpg” height=“120”>
border	pixels	Defines the width of the border to be displayed around the image. (This attribute is supported till version 4.1 of HTML). Syntax: <img src=“image.jpg” border=“2” >

Q.10: How can be the background colour change in HTML?
Ans: Backgrounds:

• Backgrounds also give a visual appeal to the websites.
• The web browsers display an HTML document with white background by default. However, this can easily be changed to a different color or even an image with the help of bgcolor and background attributes of the <body> tag.
  
  

Background Attributes:

• bgcolor:
  This attribute is used to change the color of the entire web page.
  Its color value can be dened as RGB code, hexadecimal code or by color name.
  For instance, to set the background color of the web page to green we can use any one of these values: rgb(0,255,0) : #00FF00 : green
  e.g. <body bgcolor=“green”>
  
  
• background:
  This attribute is used to display an image as the background of the web page.
  Its value will be the reference or URL of the background image.
  e.g. <body background=“image.jpg”>
  (This attribute is supported till version 4.1 of HTML).

Q.11: Define a hyperlink? How can we create a hyperlink to an external web page or within the same web page in HTML?
Ans: HYPERLINKS

• Hyperlinks allow a user to navigate from one web page to another.
• It also enables users to navigate to different sections within the same web page.
• Hyperlinks convert text or other media into clickable objects.
• Definition:
  A hyperlink in HTML is defined by <a> tag and its href attribute. The value of href is the reference of another web page or a different section within the same page.

Links to external document:

• To send a user to any other web page, use the URL of that page as the value for href attribute.
• e.g. <a href=“http://www.google.com”>Goto Google</a>

Links within the same document:
Setting the link within the same page requires two steps:

1. Use id attribute of any HTML tag to give a name to the section of the page, where a user should reach after clicking on the link.
2. Create a hyperlink and set the above name as href attribute of this link, starting with hash (#) symbol.
   e.g. <p id=“navigate”a>Send user here on click</pa>
   <a href=“#navigate”a>Go to the linked paragraph</aa>

Attributes Of Hyperlink Tag

Attribute	Value	Description
href	URL	Specifies the URL or section id of thepage the link goes to.
name	Section Name	Specifies the name of an anchor. This attribute works till version 4.1 of HTML.
target	_blank: _parent: _self: _top: framename	Specifies where to open the linked document.

Q.12: Define term table and differentiate between rows and columns? Also describe formatting features and attributes of tables?
Ans: TABLES:

• Tables allow displaying the content (like text, image, links) in the form of rows and columns.
• The coordinating place of a row with a column is called a cell.
• These cells contain some content of the webpage.
• In HTML, a table is defined by <table> tag.

ROWS AND COLUMNS:
Rows:

• A row is the collection of all horizontal cells of a table.
• A table can contain any number of rows.
• All the rows in a table have an equal number of cells.
• It is defined by <tr> tag which is placed inside the <table> tag.

Columns:

• A column is the collection of all vertical cells of a table.
• A table can contain any number of columns as well.
• It is defined by <td> tag which is placed inside the <tr> row tag.

FORMATTING FEATURES OF TABLE:
Table Heading:

• HTML table allows defining a header for the columns of our table.
• A header cell is defined by <th> tag and is placed inside a <tr> row tag.
• It is used to differentiate from the content placed inside normal <td> data cells.
• To make the entire header row stand out from rest of the table contents, dened <th> tags for all columns of the first <tr> row tag of any <table> tag.

Table Data:

• The content is placed inside a cell in a table by using <td> table data tag.
• A cell can contain any type of data such as text, image, media, link, etc.

Table Attributes:

Attribute	Value	Description
align	left: center: right	Species the alignment of a table according to surrounding text.
width	pixels: %	Species the width of a table.
border	1 or 0	Enables or disables the border around the table.
cellpadding	pixels	Species the space between the edge of cell and the content inside.
cellspacing	pixels	Species the space between cells.

All the above attributes are supported till version 4.1 of HTML.

Cell Attributes:

Attribute	Value	Description
align	left: center: right	Species the alignment of the content inside the cell.
valign	top: middle: bottom: baseline	Vertically aligns the content in a cell.
colspan	number	Species the number of columns a cell should merge into.
rowspan	number	Sets the number of rows a cell should merge into.

All the above attributes are supported till version 4.1 of HTML.

Note: In example: (.html document will always written as:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h5>Heading here </h5>
<table>Table content here</table>
</body>
</html>

OUTPUT:

Q.13: Define a frame and framesets? Also describe their attributes in HTML?
Ans: FRAMES:

• HTML frames are powerful elements which allow displaying the contents of another HTML document within a web page.
• A web page can be divided into multiple sections and each section can display all contents from a different web page by using frames.
• It is defined by <frame> tag.
• The src attribute is used to provide the reference URL of another web page to be displayed in this frame.

Attribute OF Frame:

Attribute	Value	Description
src	URL	Defines the URL of the page which should be displayed in the frame.
marginheight	pixels	Defines top and bottom spaces of a frame.
marginwidth	pixels	Defines left and right spaces of a frame.
noresize	noresize	Defines if the user can change the frame size or not.
scrolling	yes: no: auto	Defines if the scroll bar should be displayed within the frame or not.

HTML frames and framesets are supported till version 4.1 of HTML.

FRAMESETS:

• Framesets define how a web page is divided into rows and columns to display multiple frames on that web page.
• It is defined by <frameset> tag and contains one or more <frame> tags.

Attribute OF Frameset:

Attribute	Value	Description
cols	pixels: %	Denes the number and the size of frame columns.
rows	pixels: %	Denes the number and the size of frame rows.

Q.14: List out some popular text editor and other different tools which help in designing and development of website?
Ans: WEB DESIGNING TOOLS
Following is the list of some of the tools that help in designing and developing a website:

• Microsoft FrontPage
• Coral Draw
• Adobe Dreamweaver
• Wordpress
• Microsoft Visual Studio
• Wix
• Figma
• CoffeeCup HTML Editor
• Adobe XD

Computer Science - Paper 2 - Programming VB - Option 2 - For Class XII (Science Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

Go To Index
Computer Science - Paper II
VB - Option 2
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi

Computer Science - Paper 2 - Programming C - Option 1 - For Class XII (Science Groups) - Model papers With Solved MCQs 2020 -2021

Go To Index
Computer Science - Paper II
'C' - Option 1
For Class XII (Science Group)
Model papers 2020 -2021

SOURCE: Board Of Intermediate Education Karachi