Go To Index
EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
Descriptive Question Answers
Q.1: Describe the importance of education in the development of a country.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Education is a social instrument through which man can guide his destiny and shape his furure. An uneducated man can not become a part of development.
Islam makes it compulsory for every man and woman to get education. In the modern age, nations desirous of progress spend huge amounts on education.
Education occupies a fundamental place in the development of a country. With low literacy rate progress and development remains a dream.
IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY:
There is no concept of progress and development without education. All developed countries have high literacy rate.
The importance of education is as under:
1 . Source of Evolution:
Education is a big source of evolution. It helped mankind to pass through many stages of revolution and reached to the present age of science and technology.
2. Helped to Conquer the Forces of Nature:
It helped the mankind to conquer the forces of nature on the earth and also explored a number of secrets of space.
3. To Train People to Understand and Protect Environment:
It helped the man to understand and protect environment for healthy atmosphere.
4. Helps to Understand the Ideology of a Nation:
It helps to understand the ideology of a nation and also suggests different measures to strengthen this ideology.
5. Develops a Sense of Nationhood and Patriotism:
It creates love for the state and it is also great source of patriotism, which helps a nation to get progress.
6. Source of Understanding the Rights and Duties of a Citizen:
It is a source of understanding the rights and duties of a citizen, which run side by side and without them society cannot run smoothly.
7. Helpful in Developing Creative Activities and Abilities:
It is a big source of developing creative abilities of a person for the betterment of society.
8. Helpful to Understand Economic Progress:
Economy of any country can not get progress until citizens don't understand the economic progress of a country. Secondly economy is the base of development and progress.
9. Production of Skilled People:
Through education more skilled people can he produced, who can make the country developed.
10. Helpful for Exploration and Utilization of Mineral Wealth:
Mineral wealth of a country contributes a lot for the development of a country. Education helps to explore and use of minerals for national development.
11. Best Investment in Human Resource:
No development is possible without a skillful and trained human resource. Education plays leading role to train human resource. It is. the best investment in human resource.
12. Helpful to Understand Democratic Values:
It is very helpful to understand and protect democratic values.
CONCLUSION:
Education is the most important technique through which we can solve our problems.
For the development and progress of state education plays leading role. It is the best investment in human resource. Economy of a country will not be better without trained and skillful people.
Unfortunately our education system failed to fulfill its objectives. Education policy should be reshaped and literacy rate must be increased for a strong Pakistan.
Q.2: Highlight the important aspect of education as mentioned in the National Education Policy 1998-2010.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan came into being in 1947. From the beginning the government of Pakistan tried to form an education policy to upgrade the educational level in Pakistan.
Pakistan Education Conference was held in 1947 to find the ways to improve education in Pakistan. In 1972-1980 Education Policy was given.
Education is- vital for the development and progress of any state, that is why education policy of Pakistan had very high aims and objectives which was given in 1998-2010.
MAIN FEATURES OF THE EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN:
Following were the main aims and objectives of the Education Policy of Pakistan which was introduced in 1998-2010.
1. Education for All:
According to the importance of education, it will be accessible to all the citizen because to get proper education is the right of every citizen of Pakistan.
2. To Increase Low Literacy Rate:
In order to increase the low literacy rate of Pakistan all possible formal and informal means will be fully utilized.
3. Compulsory Primary Education:
Primary education is the most important part of education. So in 2004-05 a new act was introduced for compulsory primary education.
4. Attention towards Technical Education:
Special attention is being paid towards technical education. A separate scheme of (Matric) technical will be introduced to general education. Facilities for technical education will be enhanced. Technical teachers will also be trained.
5. Technology and Scientific Knowledge Through Computer Education:
With the help of computer, technology the scientific knowledge will be expanded in all the fields of Education.
6. Teachers Training Institutions:
The existing capacity of teacher training institutions shall be fully utilized. The quality of teacher education programmes will be raised by prescribing the qualification of primary teachers from Matric to intermediate. Two parallel programmes of FA/F.Sc. Education and B.A./B.Sc. Education will be launched. The curricula of teacher education will be revised to bring it at par with other programmes in the region.
7. :Establishment of Education Foundations:
Education Foundation has been established for the provision of financial assistance to the private sector for opening non-commercial education programmes.
8. Establishment of District Education Authority:
District Education Authority has been established in each district to ensure public participation in monitoring and implementation of educational programmes.
9. National Budget Has Been increased:
National budget for education will be increased from 21% to 4% of the total national income.
10: New Policy for Deeni Madaris:
New education and syllabus policy has been introduced for Deeni Madaris of the country to bring Deeni Madaris and modern schools close to each other.
CONCLUSION:
Education is a neglected department in Pakistan. Literacy rate of the country is very low, so it was necessary to frame a comprehensive education policy for the country. Development and progress of a country totally depends on educational standard and after implementation, of this policy educational standard will be raised in the country.
Q.3: Socio cultural importance of Education.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Education has great importance in our society. Without education there is no concept of a better society. Illiteracy is the root cause of all problems and evils of our society.
Education has great socio, cultural importance because a number of unwanted social and cultural traditions are in practice due to lack of education.
SOCIO CULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION:
There are a number of customs and traditions which are against the teachings of Islam.
1. Air Shooting at Marriages:
Air shooting at the marriages is a general trend of our society, which is only due to lack of education. Islam is against such pump and show.
2. Quarrels on the Appearance of Moon:
Every year on the events of Eid-ul-Ftir and Eid-ul-Azha quarrel can be seen in different parts of the country due to illiteracy of the people.
3. Use of Drugs:
Use of drugs is a big evil of our society because the person who uses drugs, his family suffers a lot and it is also against the teachings of Islam. It is very rare among the educated people.
4. Appreciation of Art, Poetry, Literature and Music:
In our society art, poetry, literature and music can not be appreciated without education.
5. Ill-mannered People:
In our society an educated person is distinguished by his good manners. Uneducated people generally possess ill-manners.
CONCLUSION:
Education is the base of a cultured society. There are many social evils which are only due to lack of education. In Pakistan, many social evils have not vanished due to illiteracy. We must increase our literacy rate for a better society.
Q.4: Structure of formal education in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
The education which is provided through different educational institutions is called formal education. It is the base of education whose important parts are the prescribed books, appointment of teachers, system of examination and awarding certificates and degrees.
Formal education provides foundation to education.
FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN:
In Pakistan the formal system is categorized as follows:-
1. Primary Stage:
It starts from class I to 5. Its total duration is 5 years. Children are admitted in class-I at the age of 4 or 5 years.
2. Middle Stage:
It starts from class 6 to 8. Its duration is 3 years. Children after passing primary stage. are admitted in 'class 6. A certificate is issued by the school after passing middle stage.
3. Secondary Stage:
It starts from class 9 to 10. Its duration is 2 years. Students who have passed Middle Stage are admitted in class 9. The Board issues a certificate on passing Secondary School Examination (SSC).
4. Higher Secondary Stage:
It starts from class 11 to 12. Students after passing secondary school examination are admitted in the higher secondary class. Its duration is 2 years. A certificate is issued by the Board after passing the examination of this stage.
5. Degree Level:
It starts after the students pass higher secondary level of education and are admitted in a college to earn a degree. The government has raised its duration from 2 to 3 years. Now it starts from the 13th year to 15th year of studies. University issues a degree to successful candidates. However, in many parts of the country, the Degree course is of a duration of two years.
6. University Level:
It starts after the students pass degree level examination from the college. Its duration is 2 years. Degree is issued by the University on successful completion of the course and passing the examination.
7. Professional Education:
Professional education, which is also called formal education is divided into the following:-
-
a) Diploma:
The students who pass the Secondary School Certificate examination, get admission. Diploma courses are taught in the Polytechnic institutions in the area of electrical, mechanical, automobile, civil engineering and computers. The students who do not want to get higher education for any reason join diploma courses. - b) Engineering degree:
After passing Higher Secondary level examination the students who opted Mathematics at higher secondary level get admission in different branches of engineering in the Engineering College or University. They study in electrical, mechanical, chemical, electronics, mining, textiles, petroleum and computer science. Their duration of study is 4 to 5 years. - c) Medical Degree:
After passing Higher Secondary examination the students who opted Biology as a subject at higher secondary level seek admission in MBBS to become a doctor. The duration of studies at MBBS is 5.years. - d) Commerce:
The students after passing secondary school examination are admitted in the first year commerce class. They pass Inter Commerce and further B. Commerce (B.Com) and M. Commerce (M.Com). The subjects of study include business administration, management sciences, information technology, economics, accounting etc. - e) Agricultural Degree:
After passing higher secondary examination in science, students are admitted for B.Sc (Agriculture) and after that to M.Sc (Agriculture). Some go for degrees in Agricultural Engineering.
8. Higher Education:
Higher Education can be had after passing M.A. or M.Sc or M.Com degree examinations. The degree of Ph.D can be obtained after earning Master degrees. Similarly, after MBBS doctors specialize in a number of branches of medicine. They are called specialist doctors.
CONCLUSION:
In Pakistan formal education provides base to the education. In. a country like Pakistan, where education level is very low and literacy rate is only 45%, formal education should be common and free, so that literacy rate should be increased and experts and skilled people can play their role in the progress of the country.
Q.5: What are the main components of the scheme of studies at secondary level of education?
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
In every educational system, different courses, syllabus and books are prescribed at different levels.
The scheme of studies at different level of education is different.
In Pakistan special attention has been paid towards scheme of studies. In Pakistan literacy rate is only 45%, that's why government of Pakistan has given a new scheme of study to increase the literacy rate in Pakistan.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE SCHEME OF STUDIES IN PAKISTAN:
Following are the main levels of the main components of studies in Pakistan.
1. Primary Level:
The subjects at the primary level include the regional languages, Urdu, Counting, Simple Arithmetic, Nature study and Islamiat.
2. Middle Level:
The subjects included in the scheme and taught are Regional Languages, Urdu, English,-Algebra, Geometry, Science, Social studies and Islamiat.
3. Secondary Level:
At this level. Urdu, English, Islamist, Pakistan Studies are the compulsory subjects for all groups of Students. Humanities group of students opt for General Science as compulsory subject. Apart, they opt for Mathematics and two other Subjects of Humanities. Science students study Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology along with compulsory subjects.
4. Higher Secondary level:
At this level Urdu, English, lslamiat and Pakistan studies are compulsory subjects for both Arts (Humanities) and Science groups of students. Science group students opt for 3 Science subjects and Arts group 3 Arts subjects. Science has further 3 groups namely pre-medical group, Pre-engineering group and General Science group. Students of Commerce group also opt for 3 commerce subjects.
5. Degree Level:
Functional English, Pakistan- Studies and Islamiat are compulsory at B.A./ B.Sc and B.Com level. Two to three optional subjects are taken by the students of all the groups from the list of optional subjects.
6. University Level:
At master level the students study in any one of the disciplines in education. In each discipline, they study 7 to 8 subjects. Here students have variety of choices or subjects of their interest.
After the University level (M.A/M.Sc) the students can go for M. Phil or Ph.D in the subject they had chosen at M.A./M.Sc level. Those taking degrees of professional nature are also allowed to go for M.Phil or Ph.D in their respective fields.
Engineering, Medical, Agriculture and Commerce are specialized areas. The choice is not much wider for students. They have to study fixed subjects.
CONCLUSION:
For the success of any educational system, scheme of studies play vital role. Great attention is paid in Pakistan towards the scheme of studies at different level of education. The main objective behind these schemes of studies is to raise the educational standard in Pakistan which is very low. People must get benefit from different schemes of'studies.
Q.6: Write a note on teacher-training in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Teachers are the main part of any educational system. No system of edueation is above the level of its teachers.
For the success of any educational system, teachers play leading role. They must be equipped with proper knowledge, skills and attitudes.
Teachers training is important part of education without proper teachers training literacy rate can not be increased.
TEACHER TRAINING IN PAKISTAN:
In Pakistan there are three levels of teacher training.
1. Primary School Teachers:
Teachers for the primary schools are trained, and must have passed secondary school examination. They are provided one year training. After completion of this training they are awarded a certificate called Primary Teachers Certificate (PTC).
2. Middle School Teachers:
Those who possess F.A / F.Sc certificate are given one year training and awarded a certificate called Certificate in Education (CT). PTC and CT training is provided by the Government Colleges of Elementary Education (GCE). There are separate Elementary Colleges of Education for girls and boys which have been established at all the district headquarters within the country.
3. Secondary School Teachers:
Those who possess BA/B.Sc degrees are provided one year training called, "Bachelor of Education" (B.Ed) at the Government Colleges of Education. These colleges are at a few selected places in each province of the country. Those who further want to specialize in the subject of education undergo one year course called Master in Education (M.Ed). This course is conducted by the colleges of Education and in the Institutes of Education in the Universities. Teachers also do M.Phil and Ph.D Education from a University. Those who possess M.Ed or M.Phil teach in the college of Education. At the University level Ph.Ds are employed to train teachers.
4. Allama lqbal Open University Teachers Training Course:
Allama Iqbal Open University has started teacher training courses through its distance education system for those students who cannot afford to attend formal regular courses in the teacher training institutions.
5. National Education Policy (1998-2010):
National Education Policy (1998-2010) provides for modernizing the courses in teacher training. Accordingly, the duration and period of training at all levels of training is being increased, including better salaries for the teachers.
CONCLUSION:
Trained and skilled teachers are the need of our educational system. In Pakistan educational standard is very low because of our limited resources and lack of good trained teachers. The main problem of our teacher training programme is the non-availability of qualified and trained teachers.
Government of Pakistan has started many programmes for the training of teachers for the development of education.
Q.7: Describe the importance of technical and vocational education in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
In Pakistan, education standard is very low and many steps have been taken by the government to upgrade the level of education.
The present era is that of technical and vocational education, which is very important for the industrial and economic development.
Government of Pakistan is paying a lot of attention towards the progress of technical education.
IMPORTANCE'OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN:
The students are awarded Diploma in Technical Education. Government has started technical projects in the country whose objective is to provide physical facilities for technical education institutions, provide equipment, improve courses of technical education and prepare teachers for imparting technical education.
1. A Science Education Project:
A Science Education Project has also been started by the Government of Pakistan. The objective is to improve standard of education in the courses of Mathematics, Sciences and Computer Science. About 6 million students will benefit from these courses.
2. Ghulam Ishque Khan Institute of Technology (GIKIT):
Government of Pakistan has established Ghulam Ishaque Khan (GIK) Institute of Technology at Topi in N.W.F.P., which is the highest modern institute of technical education. Its standard is of international level but the children of only rich people can afford to study in this institute.
3. Vocational and Training Institute:
A professional and vocational training institute and textile institute has been established at Faisalabad, which prepares experts for Textile industry. As Pakistan wants to become and industrial country so more vocational institutions are needed in the country to prepare the skillful people.
4. Polytechnic Institutes/Colleges:
In Sindh, Polytechnic Institutes/Colleges are at Karachi, Hyderabad, Badin, Nawabshah and Sukkur. Technical institutes are also at the district headquarters in Sindh. The polytechnic institutes are insufficient for a big population so more such institutions should be established in the country for the provision of technical education.
5. Technical and Vocational Education:
Government is stressing on technical and vocational education to prepare qualified and educated technical hands for improving the standard and level of our technical products for competing in the international market. Government is spending huge funds for the improvement of technical and vocational education.
CONCLUSION:
Technical education prepares the skilled people who work in different fields specially in industries.
Pakistan wants to become an industrial country, so skilled workers are needed in Pakistan for the progress and development of the country.
Technical education is a great source of reducing unemployment in the country because a technical hand person can start his practical life better than others.
Q.8: What are the educational problems of Pakistan?
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan is a country of limited resources. Due to limited resources different departments face many problems, education department is that department, which is facing many problems due to limited resources of the country. Due to the following problems, country has low literacy rate.
PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN:
Following are our main problems in education:
1. Attitude of the Feudal:
The feudal system is the major obstacle in the way of education of the poor children. The parents are poor and can hardly afford educational expenses of their children. On the other hand feudal lords in the rural areas have discouraged education of the children of poor parents. They want to employ poor children on low wages. This is the reason that literacy rate in the rural areas has not increased, specially the education of female children has suffered much.
2. Attitude of Politicians and High Officials:
Politicians in general are not in the favour of promoting and spreading education due to the reason that awakening in the people through education will expose their, irregularities.
3. Dropouts:
At each stage of the education of the children dropout rate has increased. About 85% children complete the 5 years cycle of primary education. At the middle stage a significant majority dropouts in the middle of their education cycle. The economic condition of the parents is the main reason of dropouts because they cannot afford the educational expenses of their children.
4. Teacher Absenteeism:
In rural areas, teacher absenteeism has adversely affected the progress in education. Shortage of teachers in rural areas, ghost schools and lack of supervision of rural schools have resulted in low progress in the promotion of education and eradication of illiteracy.
5. High Fees of Private Educational Institutions:
Private sector educational institutions charge high fees as, compared to the facilities provided there. Teachers are overworked but paid low salaries. Government should exercise control over these schools. Registration fee in the private schools is from Rs.200 to Rs.10,000 and monthly fee structure extends from Rs.200 to Rs.1000 and even more. Teachers in the private schools are less qualified and hence their standard is less than the teachers in the government schools.
6. Shortage of Physical Facilities:
The shortage of physical facilities and equipment in the primary schools has resulted in decline in the level of education. About 25,000. primary schools are without proper buildings. Most of the schools have no boundary walls, no toilets and no water facilities. There is shortage of furniture in these schools. Most of the schools in the rural area are of one room school and are made of a mixture of mud and wood. These are known as Katcha Schools. These are in a very bad shape. The quality of education is poor in these schools.
7. Non-availability of Textbooks:
Many pupils can not afford- the high cost of textbooks. Textbooks prescribed by the private and English medium schools are very expensive. Textbooks of higher education and professional courses are mostly imported arid are very expensive.
8. Accommodation for Students:
Hostel accommodation for the students of Technical and Medical Colleges has become a problem. Hostels are not available as compared to the increasing number of students of these institutions. Students especially belong to rural areas can not get proper education due to the lack of accommodation.
9. Political Interference:
Public representatives interfere in the administration of educational institutions especially in the appointment and transfer of teachers. Merit is ignored and appointments are made on favouritism or political recommendations.
CONCLUSION:
There are many problems in the field of education due to which our literacy rate is not increasing. Education has great importance for any nation. With education there is no concept of progress and development. We must remove all problems related to education for a better literacy rate in Pakistan.
In Pakistan education is a neglected department. More positive steps are needed to overcome the problems we are facing to increase the literacy rate in Pakistan. National budget should be increase to provide more facilities to the people for getting education.
Q.9: Mention the objectives of IT education in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
World is getting progress day by day. It is the era of computer and information. Information Technology is an innovation in the field of telecommunication. IT has great use in trade, industry business and educational field.
The important challenge in the IT in Pakistan is the availability of experts in the field. Other countries have got great progress in IT.
OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PAKISTAN:
The objectives of innovative programme of IT in education in Pakistan are:
1. To Modernize the Educational System:
To modernize the educational system of Pakistan by introducing information technology at all levels. Today is called the age of computer so computer centers should be opened in all school and colleges to common the computer literacy.
2. To Provide Access to Research and Modern Information:
To provide access to research and modern information through internet. More facilities should be provided to those students who want any type of research in information technology.
3. To Familiarize Information Technology among the Children:
To familiarize information technology among the children of all ages and prepare them for the future, Computer literacy should be compulsory from primary level to common computer literacy.
4. To Emphasize the Varied Roles of Computers:
To emphasize the varied roles of computers as a learning tool in the classroom. Qualified computer teacher should guide the students for computer training.
5. To Employ Communication Technology:
To employ communication technology for the training of teachers and other educational activities.
CONCLUSION:
Information Technology has great importance in the entire world. Great. investment has started in this field. Computer hardware and software are being prepared. Seven IT universities have been established in Public and Government sectors. It has a bright future in Pakistan. A large number of foreign companies are making investment in this field on large scale.
No comments:
Post a Comment