GO TO INDEX
CHAPTER 6: INHERITANCE
Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks
Special Thanks To Sir Saeed Sarang (Sindh Text Book Board)Contact # 03023006727
Youtube Channel # Shafquat Ali YouTube
TEXT BOOK EXERCISE
Choose the correct answer:
i) Branch of biology deals with the study of heredity and variation is called:
(a)Inheritance
(b) Heredity
(c) Genetics ✓
(d) Evolution
ii) The way by which gene transmits characters from parents to offspring is:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance ✓
(c) Heredity
(d) Allele
iii) Two similar chromosomes in a cell which are similar in shape, size and position of centromere called:
(a) Chromatids
(b) Arms
(c) Homologous ✓
(d) Homology
iv) The chemical material of a chromosome is called:
(a) Chromatin ✓
(b) Chromeres
(c) Chromonema
(d) Chromatid
v) The outer part of DNA helix made up of sugar and phosphate is called:
(a) Nucleoprotein
(b) Rungs
(c) upright ✓
(d) Phosphoester
vi) The small segment of DNA which has information to code one protein is called:
(a) Nucleotide
(b) Polynucleotide
(c) Gene ✓
(d) Exon
vii) The exact duplication of DNA is called:
(a) Duplication
(b) Replication ✓
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
viii) If both the parents donate same factors of a character is called:
(a) Homologous
(b) Heterologous
(c) Homozygous ✓
(d) Heterozygous
ix) The Genetic constitution of a trait is called:
(a) Genotype ✓
(b) Phenotype
(c) Genome
(d) Phenyl
10. The characteristics of the offspring's to resemble their parents called:
(a) inheritance
(b) heredity ✓
(c) genetics
(d) evolution
11. Living things when reproducing sexually, their offspring neither resembles exactly with one another nor with their parents. Such differences are called:
(a) heredity
(b) evolution
(c) inheritance
(d) variations ✓
12. Structure, character, function and behaviour of every organism is programmed and controlled by a set of instructions which are in the form of coded biological information called:
(a) sex cells
(b) gametes
(c) genes ✓
(d) sperm
13. Each kind of organism has specific number of:
(a) chromosomes ✓
(b) genes
(c) gametes
(d) DNA
14. All human contains two sets of:
(a) 21 chromosomes
(b) 23 chromosomes ✓
(c) 26 chromosomes
(d) 27 chromosomes
15. Chromatin is a nucleo-protein (Deoxyribo Nucleoprotein) which is composed of DNA and:
(a) Phosphoric acid
(b) Deoxyribo Nucleotides
(c) Deoxyribo sugar
(d) Histone ✓
16. DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is made up of billions of units called:
(a) Phosphoric acid
(b) Deoxyribo Nucleotides ✓
(c) Deoxyribose sugar
(d) Histone
17. Which is the correct statement?
(a) histone and DNA both are positively charged
(b) histone and DNA both are negatively charged
(c) histone is positively charged while DNA is negatively charged ✓
(d) histone is negatively charged while DNA is positively charged
18. These beads of histone and DNA is called:
(a) nucleosome ✓
(b) chromatids
(c) Genome
(d) Rungs
19. The inner part of DNA is made up of paired nitrogenous bases which are called:
(a) nucleosome
(b) chromatids
(c) Genome
(d) Rungs ✓
20. Both helixes are complementary to each other which are held together by:
(a) ionic bonds
(b) covalent bonds
(c) hydrogen bonds ✓
(d) co-ordinate covalent bonds
21. It is the basic unit of biological information.
(a) Nucleotide
(b) DNA
(c) Gene ✓
(d) Exon
22. Tick the correct statement:
(a) Each chromosome is located at a specific position on the gene, called Gent locus (loci).
(b) Each gene is located at a specific position on a chromosome, called Gent locus (loci). ✓
(c) DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is made up of billions of units called Gent locus (loci).
(d) The string of nucleosomes wraps up into High order coil is called Gent locus (loci).
23. The genetic variation gives rise to two or more than two alternative forms of a gene, called:
(a) allele
(b) allomorph
(c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✓
(d) None of these
24. The process of copying DNA information to mRNA is called:
(a) transcription ✓
(b) replication
(c) translation
(d) duplication
25. He is known as Father of Genetics.
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) Watson
(c) Crick
(d) Gregor John Mendel ✓
26. If both parents donate different factors [allele] of a trait, the organism is:
OR An individual having different factors of a trait called:
(a) Homologous
(b) Heterologous
(c) Homozygous
(d) Heterozygous ✓
27. The factor (gene) which expresses and masks the expression of other factors in the heterozygous condition is said to be:
(a) recessive
(b) dominant ✓
(c) phenotype
(d) genotype
28. It is the physical appearance of the trait on the basis of inherited genes:
(a) Recessive
(b) Dominant
(c) Phenotype ✓
(d) Genotype
29. ”Members of one pair of genes separate from each other during gametes formation" is the statement of:
(a) Mendel's law of independent assortment ✓
(c) Mendel's law of segregation
(b) Mendel's law of purity of gametes
(d) Mendel's law of complete dominance
30. Due to the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of RBC, there are:
(a) two phenotypes
(b) three phenotypes
(c) four phenotypes ✓
(d) five phenotypes
31. This blood group is called a universal donor.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) AB
(d) O ✓
32. Alleles of a trait express in heterozygous condition and their expression blended to produce new phenotype called:
(a) incomplete dominance
(b) partial dominance
(c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✓
(d) None of these
33. The differences in characters such as height, colour etc. among individuals of same species are called:
(a) inheritance
(b) heredity
(c) variations ✓
(d) evolution
34. The variation caused due to changes In genetic material called:
(a) environmental variation
(b) genetic heritable variation ✓
(c) continuous variation
(d) discontinuous variation
35. This type of variation is considered as raw material for evolution.
(a) environmental variation
(b) genetic heritable variation ✓
(c) continuous variation
(d) discontinuous variation
36. Blood groups, six fingers in a hand or a foot, tongue rolling etc. in man are common examples of:
(a) environmental variation
(b) genetic heritable variation
(c) continuous variation
(d) discontinuous variation ✓
37. The phenomenon of producing sudden changes is called:
(a) mutation ✓
(b) evolution
(c) heredity
(d) inheritance
38. He published a book “Origin Of Species" in 1859 where he proposed the theory of Natural Selection:
(a) Watson
(b) Crick
(c) John Mendel
(d) Charles Darwin ✓
39. The differences of sexually reproduced off springs from Parents are called:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance
(c) Heredity
(d) variations ✓
40. The process by which characters are transmitted from parents to offspring is:
(a) Genetics
(b) Inheritance ✓
(c) Heredity
(d) Allele
41. The phenomenon of inheritance where both alleles are dominant and expressed equally is called:
(a) co-dominance ✓
(b) multiple alleles
(c) Transcription
(d) Translation
42. If both Parents donate different factors (allele), the organism is:
(a) Hybrid ✓
(b) homozygous
(c) genotype
(d) phenotype
43. Development of muscles in athletes, loss of some body parts due to accident or disease etc. are example of this type of Variation.
(a) Environmental ✓
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous
(d) Discontinuous
44. Height, skin colour, intelligence, eye colour etc. are example of this type of Variation.
(a) Environmental
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous ✓
(d) Discontinuous
45. Blood groups, six fingers in hands or foot, tongue rolling etc. are example of this type of Variation.
(a) Environmental
(b) Heritable
(c) Continuous
(d) Discontinuous ✓
46. This is the process where descends become better than ancestors.
(a) Fertilization
(b) Evolution ✓
(c) Crossing over
(d) Mutation
47. Law of inheritance, law of dominance, law of segregation or purity of gametes and law of independent assortment was presented by _____.
(a) Watson and Crick
(b) Gregor John Mendel ✓
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Carl Correns
48. The phenomenon of incomplete dominance or partial dominance is purposed by _____.
(a) Waston and Crick
(b) Gregor John Mendel
(c) Charles Darwin
(d) Carl Correns ✓
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. Living things when reproduce sexually their offspring differ somewhat from their parents, such differences are called variations.
2. Heredity is the way by which genes transmit characters from parents to offspring.
3. Haploid set (n=23) is paternal in origin, which is contributed by sperm while the other haploid set (n=23) is maternal which comes from egg.
4. The genes are located at chromosomes and inherited through chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
5. Two chromosomes which are similar in their shape, size and position of centromeres present in a cell make one homologous pair of chromosome.
6. Deoxyribo nucleoprotein is composed of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) and special protein i.e Histone (H3P04).
7. Eukaryotic chromosome are composed of 40% of chromatin, a complex of DNA and 60 % of protein.
8. DNA is a double helical structure.
9. Each helix is a polynucleotide chain which are twisted around each other.
10. Both helix are complementary to each other which are held together by hydrogen bonds.
11. The process of duplication of DNA is called replication of DNA.
12. A gene expresses by synthesizing a protein which works as an enzyme.
13. Gene is the basic unit of biological information.
14. The position of gene on chromosome is called Gene locus (loci).
15. The coded information may change due to any reason which is called genetic variation caused by mutation.
16. The alternative form of a gene is called alleles or allomorph.
17. Gene is a unit of inheritance which is copied and inherited to next generation.
18. Genetic information flows in a cell from DNA to mRNA than to ribosome in cytoplasm, which is two step process for protein (enzyme) synthesis.
19. DNA (gene) is copied in complimentary form.
20. The process of copying DNA Information to mRNA is called Transcription.
21. In Translation, tRNA and rRNA translate the information of mRNA into the specific sequence of amino acids.
22. Gregor John Mendel studied seven traits (characters) in pea plants one by one.
23. Pure-breed means that if an organism is self fertilized, the offspring always look exactly like parents.
24. If both the parents donate same factor of the trait, the organism is pure or Homozygous.
25.If both parents donate different factors (allele) of a trait, the organism is hybrid or Heterozygous. 26.The factor (gene) which express and masks the expression of other factor in heterozygous condition is said to be Dominant factor.
27. The factor which is unable to express or masked in heterozygous condition is said to be recessive.
28. Phenotype is the physical appearance of the trait on the basis of inherited genes like tall.
29. Genotype genetic makeup or genetic constitution of a trait like TT, Tt.
30. Some trait has more than two and more alternative forms. These traits are called multiple allelic trait or multiple alleles.
31. The phenomenon of inheritance where both alleles of a trait expressed in heterozygous condition and their expression get blended to produce new phenotype called incomplete Dominance or Partial Dominance.
32. Variation may be caused either by the effect of environment or by the changes in the genetic material.
33. Each nucleotide is made up of deoxy ribose sugar (C5H10O4), and (H3PO4) and Nitrogenous bases.
34. The histone is positively charged while the DNA is negatively charged.
35. The beads of histone and DNA is called nucleosome.
36. When the string of nucleosomes wraps up into high order coil called super coil.
37. Super coils chromomers form chromosomes.
38. The model of DNA was suggested by Watson and Crick in 1953.
39. The term dogma means a set of beliefs where a gene expresses by synthesizing a protein.
40. RNA stands for Ribo Nucleic Acid.
41. mRNA stands for messenger Ribo Nucleic Acid.
42. tRNA stands for transfer Ribo Nucleic Acid.
43. rRNA stands for ribosomal Ribo Nucleic Acid.
44. RNA which carry information of DNA sequences to ribisomes from nucleus to cytoplasm called messenger Ribo Nucleic Acid (mRNA).
45. Biological name of garden pea is Pisum sativum.
46. If an organism is self fertilized, the off springs always look exactly like parents. such varieties are called true breeders.
47. Law of segregation is also called law of purity of gametes.
48. Blood group in human is an example of multiple allele.
49. In Rh blood type, R stands for Rhesus.
50. The chemical cells or organs of an organism can work as antigen to other organism.
51. When antigens enter in the body of other organism, they produce defense protein against this antigen to protect itself. These proteins are called antibodies.
52. The blood serum containing antibodies called antiserum.
53. During transfusion of blood, the clumped cells are produced which lead to serious problem. These clumped cells are called agglutination.
54. Sudden change in genetic material (genome) of an organism is called mutation.
55. Dominant factor represent with capital letter like T for tall.
56. Recessive factor represents by small letter of same alphabet like t for small (dwarf).
57. The original true breeding organisms were called parental generation or P1 by Mendel.
58. The off spring of true breeding organism were called First Filial Generation or Fl.
59. The offspring of filial one generation produced by crossing self fertilization were called Second Filial generation or F2.
No comments:
Post a Comment