Chapter No.2 - Making Of Pakistan - Text Book Exercise - Pakistan Studies For Class X

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MAKING OF PAKISTAN

Text Book Exercise

By Ustani G
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Q.1: Outline the main features of the Two-Nation Theory?
Ans: MAIN FEATURES OF TWO NATION THEORY:
Two-Nations Theory was firstly given by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He tried to remove the difference between Hindus and Muslims and create unity among them. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first leader who used term nation for the Muslims of sub continent. The controversy between Hindi and Urdu Language changed Sir Syed Ahmed Khan''s mind. Hindus and Muslim are two different nations with respect to their religion and culture. Two nations mean two big nations Hindu and Muslim. Two-Nations Theory basis of Pakistan and we achieved Pakistan on their basis.

Q.2: What were the main objectives of the Fariazi Movement?
Ans: OBJECTIVES OF THE FARIAZI MOVEMENT:
Haji Shariatullah was the founder of Fariazi movement. Following are the main objectives:

• To eliminate the Un-Islamic customs and tradition this prevailed among Bengali Muslims.
• He emphasized on the need to act on Islamic injunctions or obligation (Faraiz) so his movement was called Fariazi movement.
• He organized the Muslim tenants against the Hindu landlords. As a result of his efforts the Muslims in Bengal got rid of the persecution of Hindu landlords.
• After this the religious and moral status of Bengali Muslims was improved.

Q.3: Mention the role of Shah Waliullah in the Revivalist movement?
Ans: ROLE OF SHAH WALIULLAH IN REVIVALIST MOVEMENT:
Shah Waliullah analyzed the factors of the downfall of the Muslims in the Sub-continent. He convinced the Muslims to strictly follow the footsteps of the Holy Prophet. He educated the Muslims soldiers on the importance of Jihad and asked them to go for Jihad for the glorification of Islam. He invited the great Afghan Ahmed Shah Abdali to attack India and the Muslims from Maratha’s domination. Shah Waliullah translated the Holy Quran into Persian language and wrote books on Hadith, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqha), and Tafseer (exegesis). His most famous book is Hujjatul Baligha. He also tried to remove social evils through various reformist movements which started from his Madrasa Rahimiya in Delhi.

Q.4: Describe the struggle of Syed Ahmed Shaheed in eliminating the social evils from the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa?
Ans: SYED AHMED SHAHEED’S STRUGGLE:
Syed Ahmed Shaheed wanted to eliminate domination of Sikhs in Punjab and KPK to revive Islamic values. He started Jihad in Punjab and KPK. Shah Ismail Shaheed along with his six thousand followers joined him in this Jihad against evil forces. Syed Ahmed Shaheed believed if Punjab and KPK were liberated from the Sikh domination, the Muslim would regain their old position. Jihad movement was initially very successful but soon conspiracies began against Syed Ahmed. Muslims fought with great courage but Syed Ahmed Shaheed and his companions were martyred on 6th May 1831. Syed Ahmed Shaheed and Shah Ismail Shaheed were buried near Balakot.

Q.5: Describe the achievement of Aligarh Movement?
Ans: THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ALIGARH MOVEMENT:
The services which Sir Syed Ahmed rendered for renaissance of the Muslims are known as Aligarh Movement. Aligarh movement became instrumental in the awakening of the Muslims in the Sub-continent. Sir Syed took practical steps for the improvement of educational standard of the Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan told the Muslims to forget the golden era of the past and to look at the present and to plan for the future. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan asked the Muslims to learn English so that they could learn modern scientific knowledge and make progress. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan set up a scientific society at Ghazipur in 1862 which translated western books into English then he set up a school at Aligarh which was later upgraded to college named Muhammad Anglo Oriental College (MAO College) this college later became a university.

Q.6: Describe the role of Muslim league in the struggle for Pakistan?
Ans: ROLE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE IN THE STRUGGLE OF PAKISTAN:
Muslim league become a platform for the Muslims of the subcontinent since its establishment in 1906. The role of Muslims league in the struggle for Pakistan is given below:

• The immediate target of Muslim league was to safeguard the rights of the Muslims of the subcontinent.
• Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim league in October 1913. Owing to Quaid’s efforts Muslims league and congress made “Lacknow Pact” in December 1916.
• The Hindus accepted the separate status of the Muslims and accepted a separate electorate for the Muslims.
• The number of Muslims in Central Legislative Assembly was agreed to be one-third.
• In the Muslim majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal, the majority of the Muslims in the legislative assemblies were confirmed.
• In the Muslims minority province, their representation in proportion to their population was doubled.

Q.7: What role was played by the provinces in the struggle for Pakistan?
Ans: ROLE OF PROVINCES IN THE STRUGGLE OF PAKISTAN:

• PUNJAB: The people of Punjab especially the students and the women took active part in politics. Pakistan Resolution was passed by in Lahore in 1940. In the 1945-46 provincial elections Muslim league got 75 seats out to 86 seats. Punjab made a great contribution to the Pakistan Movement.
  
  
• SINDH: Sindh made great contribution to making Pakistan Sindh was the first province in which Muslim league passed resolution demanding for an Islamic government in the Muslim majority areas. Syed Sibghatullah Shah fought with the British government and got martyrdom which strengthened Pakistan Movement.
  
  
• BALUCHISTAN: Qazi Muhammad Isa of Balochistan established Muslim league in Balochistan which became a popular party soon. The Khan of Kalat, Mir Ahmed Yar Khan of Kalat also supported Pakistan movement. In 1947, Shahi Jirga decided to join Pakistan.
  
  
• KHYBER PAKHTUN KHAWA: Sardar Aurangzeb of K.P.K supported Pakistan resolution in 1940. Muslim league started civil disobedience movement in the province in 1947. The students of Islamia College Peshawar and Edward College played an important role in the Pakistan Movement along with religious leaders.

Q.8: What are the responsibilities of a citizen of an ideological State?
Ans: RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS OF AN IDEOLOGICAL STATE:

• People should lead their lives according to the teaching of Islam.
• They should struggle for democracy founded on the Islamic principles.
• They should be loyal and patriotic to their country.
• They should earn their livelihood honesty.
• They should get education as it is essential to progress.
• They should be law abiding people.
• They should work for the country and helps the government in curbing the antisocial elements.
• They should be hard-working and fulfill their duties.
• They should be cooperative and promote brotherhood.

Q.9: Highlight the main points which make the character of Quaid-e-Azam a model for others?
Ans: QUAID-E-AZAM IS ROLE MODEL FOR OTHERS:

• He was a man of principle and acted upon whatever he said or promised to do.
• He was an intelligent political leader.
• He was a very bold person, he was never afraid of others.
• He possessed statesmanship, courage, sense of responsibility, integrity, forwardness and dedication to his cause.
• He was a great supporter and admirer of young generation of students.
• He never compromised on the cause of Muslims and Pakistan.

Q.10: Describe the role of Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General of Pakistan?
Ans: ROLE OF QUAID-E-AZAM AS GOVERNOR GENERAL:
After the establishment of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam had to face a number of problems. Under these circumstances, the role of Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General was as follows:
Quaid-e-Azam worked as a governor general of Pakistan for 13 months. His role can be summed up as follows:

• National Integrity: He worked for the national integrity and solidarity of Pakistan.
• Settlement of Refugees: The first and immediate problem of Pakistan was rehabilitation of refugees. India pushed 6.5 million refugees to Pakistan Quaid-e Azam made arrangements for their settlement very bravely and kindly.
• Change in the Attitudes of Government Officers: Quaid-e-Azam told the government servant to work like people’s servant so they changed their attitudes.
• Negation to Provincial and Racial Discrimination: Quaid-e-Azam told the people to feel pride in being called a Pakistan. He told the people to refrain from any kind of discrimination.
• Foreign Policy: Quaid-e-Azam made friendly relations with a number of countries especially with the neighbours and Muslim countries.
• Determination of Guiding Principles of Pakistan’s Economy: Inaugurating the state Bank of Pakistan on July 1, 1948, Quaid-e-Azam advised them to evolve an economic System based on Islamic equality and social justice.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Muslim League was established in 1906.
2. Muslim league was establishment in Baluchistan by Qazi Muhammad Isa.
3. Shah Waliullah died in year 10^th August 1762.
4. Sindh became a separate province in the year 1935.
5. Pakistan was established on the 27^th of Ramadan.

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