Chapter No.4 - Land and Climate of Pakistan - Text Book Exercise - Pakistan Studies For Class X

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LAND AND CLIMATE OF PAKISTAN

Text Book Exercise

By Ustani G
(YouTube Channel)

Q.1: What do you understand by climate?
Ans: The long lasting conditions of weather in a particular area such as air pressure, temperature, humidity and rainfall are termed as the climate of an area. The climate of Pakistan is dry and hot.

Q.2: What are the different climate regions of Pakistan?
Ans: Different Climate Regions Of Pakistan:

• Sub-Tropical Continental Highland:
  It includes Pakistan’s north eastern and north western mountain ranges. Here the winter is extremely cold. Summer season is cool. In spring and winter season, it is mostly foggy and rainy.
  
  
• Sub-Tropical continent Plateau:
  In this climatic region most of the parts of Baluchistan are included from May to the mid of September hot and dust winds continuously blow. The hottest areas of Pakistan Sibbi and Jacobabad are located in this region.
  
  
• Sub-Tropical continental lowland:
  It consists of Punjab and Sindh. The summer season is very hot here. The north of Punjab receives late summer monsoon rains while the rest of Punjab receives less fall. Thal, Kachhi, Sibbi and south eastern plains are dry and a large area in desert.
  
  
• Sub-Tropical Coastland:
  This climatic region includes the coastal areas of Sindh and Baluchistan provinces, or the southern part of Pakistan. The temperature is moderate. Annual average temperature is 32°C and rainfall is 180 mm. May and June are the hottest months.
  
  

Q.3: How does climate affect human life?
Ans: Effects of climate on human life:
Human life is greatly affected by the influence of climate. Pakistan is a vast country and there is much variation in climate which affects the customs and ways of living of people. In cold areas, people confine themselves to their homes. They store all the food and other necessary things and are busy in cottage industry. In hot areas people are busy with agriculture and other jobs but their work efficiency greatly decreases in summer. People wear clothes with respect to weather. Their health, colure, life, style and activities depend on the climatic conditions.

Q.4: What is Environmental Pollution?
Ans: Environmental Pollution:
The Environmental Pollution means such changes in the Earth, water and air which are harmful to human life as well as animals. When different elements bring unhealthy changes in our Environment is known as Environmental Pollution. It has three types:

• Air Pollution:
  The coil and oil used for running vehicles, railways and industries, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases produced. Smoke, poisonous moisture and atomic waste damaging atmosphere. This is called air pollution.
  
  
• Water Pollution:
  When unclean bodies and toxic material is released untreated from factories into the rivers, oceans, lakes and canals etc. This cause water pollution.
  
  
• Land pollution: Land is polluted through floods, earthquakes, volcanoes and fire. When human bury harmful material into earth it damages its composition. Insecticides, pesticides and the use of artificial fertilizers are causes of land pollution.

Q.5: What is the relationship between the population growth and the environmental pollution?
Ans: The main cause of environmental pollution is the growth in population. To feed the increasing population, artificial fertilizers are being used extensively. To protect the crops from insects and pests, insecticides and pesticides are being used. It is increasing land pollution and also use of chemicals in the crops. In the densely populated areas, the sewerage water mixes with drinking water. As a result, water borne diseases are increasing.

Q.6: Describe the importance of the location of Pakistan in the south Asian Region?
Ans: Importance Of The Location Of Pakistan In The South Asian Region:

• Pakistan has great importance on the basis of its location not only in South Asia but also in the world.
• It is connected with china in the north the Karakoram Highway connects China and Pakistan by land this highway is an important trade route between Pakistan and china.
• Pakistan provides transit route to Afghanistan for its trade through land and sea.
• India lies in the east of Pakistan while Iran lies on the south west of Pakistan.
• Pakistan Iran and Turkey along with Pakistan are the members of ECO (Economic co operation organization).
• Pakistan is situated near the oil producing gulf countries.
• Pakistan is a nuclear power and is playing a great role against terrorism.

Q.7: Give a brief account of the physical features of Pakistan?
Ans: The land of Pakistan is divided into the following four physical features:
1) MOUNTAIN:
Any part of land which is 3,000 feet high and whose sides are steep is called a mountain. The mountain of Pakistan is divided into two parts:

• ➢ Northern and North Eastern Mountains:
  This include
  a) Himalayas
  b) Karakoram
  
  
• ➢ North-Western and Western Mountains:
  Western mountains are less in height than northern mountains. These ranges are divided into following parts:
  a) The Hindukash Mountains
  b) The Koh-i-Safed Range
  c) The Waziristan Hills
  d) The Suleman Hills
  
  

2) PLATEAUS:
The following two plateaus are located in Pakistan:

• ➢ The Potwar Plateau:
  This plateau lies between the river Indus and Jhelum.
  
  
• ➢ Balochistan Plateau:
  It is located in the west of Kirthar and Suleman range.

3) PLAINS:
The plains are divided into three parts.

• ➢ The upper Indus plain:
  It is the part of Indus plain above Mithan Kot.
  
  
• ➢ The lower Indus plain:
  It is the area of south of Mithan Kot.
• ➢ The Indus delta:
  The River Indus forms its delta near Thatta.

4) THE DESERTS INCLUDING COASTAL AREAS:

• ➢ Thal:
  It includes Mianwali, Muzaffargarh, and Dera Ghazi Khan. Huge sand dunes are found here.
  
  
• ➢ Cholistan:
  60% of Bahawalpur area comprises Cholistan.
• ➢ Thar and Nara Desert:
  It includes Khairpur, Tharparkar, Umer Kot and Sanghar.
  
  
• ➢ Chagai and Kharan Desert:
  It is located in Balochistan are extremely dry.
  
  
• ➢ Coastal Area:
  Pakistan has 700 square kilometers long coastal area.

Q.8: Mention the benefits of the Northern-eastern mountainous region?
Ans: Benefits Of The Northern-Eastern Mountainous Region:

• They provide natural defense to Pakistan from the North due to their height.
• They protect from the cold freezing winds from the North Pole.
• They are covered with snow during the winter which melts in the summer and raises the underground water level making water available for irrigation.
• They cover 80% forest of our country although 4.5% of the country’s area is under forest.
• They cause rainfall in Punjab and NWFP in the summer.

Q.9: Name the Neighboring countries of Pakistan?
Ans: There are four neighbouring countries of Pakistan:

• China
• India
• Iran
• Afghanistan

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1) The long border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is called Durand Line.
2) Pakistan is divided into four climatic Regions.
3) The coastal areas of Pakistan are Sindh coast and Makran coast.
4) The climate of upper Indus plains of Pakistan is hot and dry.
5) The water evaporation is about 4% in the atmosphere.
6) Water maintains 7% of the total weight of human body.
7) People of the Northern region in Pakistan perform household activities during winter.
8) In the South-West of Pakistan, Iran is our neighboring country.
9) Balochistan has an area of 347190 sq. kilometers.
10) The word FATA means Federally Administered Tribal Areas.
11) Hub and Lyari rivers flow in The Kirthar range of mountains.
12) The biggest salt mine in the world is in Pakistan’s Punjab province.

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