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According To PMDC Syllabus 2023-2024
Content List for Physics
1. FORCE AND MOTIONSUBTOPICS
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Displacement-time graph
- Acceleration
- Uniform acceleration
- Variable acceleration
- Graphical representation of acceleration with velocity time graph
- Newton's laws of motion
- Newton's first law of motion
- Newton's second law of motion
- Newton's third law of motion
- Linear Momentum
- Law of conservation of momentum
- Collision
- Elastic collision
- Elastic collision in one dimension
- Elastic collision in one dimension under different cases
- Projectile motion
- Characteristics of projectile motion
- Time off light
- Maximum height
- Horizontal range
- Describe displacement.
- Describe average velocity of objects.
- Interpret displacement-time graph of objects moving along the same straight line.
- Define uniform acceleration.
- Distinguish between uniform and variable acceleration.
- Explain that projectile motion is two-dimensional motion in a vertical plane.
- Communicate the ideas of a projectile in the absence of air resistance.
- Explain Horizontal component (VH) of velocity is constant.
- Acceleration is in the vertical direction and is the same as that of a vertically free- falling object.
- Differentiate between the characteristics of horizontal motion and vertical motion.
- Evaluate, using equations of uniformly accelerated motion for given initial velocity of frictionless projectile, the following issues:
a. How much higher does it go?
b. How far would it go along the level land?
c. Where would it be after a given time?
d. How long will it remain in air?
e. Determine for a projectile launched from ground height
f. Launch angle that results in the maximum range
g. Relation between the launch angles that result in the same range. - Apply Newton's laws explain the motion of objects in a variety of context.
- Describe the Newton's second law of motion as rate of change of momentum.
- Correlate Newton's third law of motion and conservation of momentum.
- Solve different problems of elastic and inelastic collisions between two bodies in one dimension by using law of conservation of momentum.
- Describe that momentum is conservational situations.
- Identify that for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.
2. WORK AND ENERGY
SUBTOPICS
- Work
- Energy
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
- Gravitational potential energy
- Power
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe the concept of work in terms of the product of force F and displacement d in the direction of force.
- Define energy.
- Explain kinetic energy.
- Explain the difference between potential energy and gravitational potential energy.
- Describe that the gravitational potential energy is measured from a reference level and can be positive or negative, to denote the orientation from the reference levels.
- Express power as scalar product of force and velocity.
- Explain that work done against friction is dissipated as heat in the environment.
- State the implications of energy losses in practical devices.
3. ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION
SUBTOPICS
- Angular displacement
- Revolution
- Degree
- Radian
- Angular velocity
- Relation between linear and angular variables
- Relation between linear and angular displacements
- Relation between linear and angular velocities
- Relation between linear and angular accelerations
- Centripetal force
- Forces causing centripetal acceleration
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Define angular displacement, express angular displacement in radians.
- Define revolution, degree and radian.
- Define and Explain the term angular velocity.
- Find out the relationship between the following:
a. Relation between linear and angular variables.
b. Relation between linear and angular displacements.
c. Relation between linear and angular velocities.
d. Relation between linear and angular accelerations.
4. WAVES
SUBTOPICS:
- Progressive waves
- Crest
- Trough
- Amplitude
- Wavelength
- Time period and frequency
- Types of progressive waves
- Transverse waves
- Longitudinal waves
- Periodic waves
- Transverse periodic waves
- Longitudinal periodic waves
- Speed of sound in air
- Principle of superposition / superposition of sound waves
- Stationary waves / standing waves
- Stationary waves in a stretched string / fundamental frequency and harmonics
- Doppler effect
- Observer is moving towards a stationary source
- Observer is moving away from a stationary source
- When the source is moving towards the stationary observer
- When the source is moving away from the stationary observer
- Simple harmonic motion (SHM)
- Characteristics of simple harmonic motion
- Instantaneous displacement
- Amplitude
- Vibration
- Time period
- Frequency
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe the meaning of wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs.
- Demonstrate that mechanical waves require a medium for their propagation while electromagnetic waves do not.
- Define and apply the following terms to the wave model; medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, wavelength, velocity.
- Solve problems using the equation: v=fl.
- Describe that energy is transferred due to a progressive wave.
- Compare transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Explain that speed of sound depends on the properties of medium in which it propagates and describe Newton's formula of speed of waves.
- Describe the Laplace correction in Newton's formula for speed of sound in air.
- Identify the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.
- Describe the principle of superposition of two waves from coherent sources.
- Describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves.
- Explain the formation of stationary waves using graphical method.
- Define the terms, node and antinodes.
- Describe modes of vibration of strings.
- Describe formation of stationary waves in vibrating air columns.
- Explain the principle of Superposition.
- Explain S.H.M and explain the characteristics of S.H.M.
5. THERMODYNAMICS
SUBTOPICS:
- First law of thermodynamics
- Specific heat and Molar specific heat/specific heat capacity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe that thermal energies transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
- Differentiate between specific heat and molar specific heat.
- Calculate work done by a thermodynamic system during a volume change.
- Describe the first law of thermodynamics expressed in terms of the change in internal energy, the heating of the system and work done on the system.
- Explain that first law of thermodynamics expresses the conservation of energy.
- Define the terms, specific heat and molar specific heats of a gas.
- Apply first law of thermodynamics to derive Cp – Cv = R.
6. ELECTROSTATICS
SUBTOPICS :
- Coulomb's law
- Coulomb's law in material media
- Electric field and its intensity
- Electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge
- Electric field intensity between two oppositely charged parallel plates
- Electric potential
- Capacitor
- Capacitance of a capacitor and its unit
- Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
- Energy Stored in a Capacitor
- Charging and Discharging a Capacitor
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- State Coulomb's law and explain that force between two-point charges is reduced in a medium other than free space using Coulomb's law.
- Describe the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force.
- Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point due to two charges with the same or opposite signs.
- Sketch the electric field lines for two-point charges of equal magnitude with same or opposite signs.
- Describe and draw the electric field due to an infinite size conducting plate of positive or negative charge.
- Define electric potential at a point in terms of the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
- Define the unit of potential.
- Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
- Demonstrate charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance.
7. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
SUBTOPICS:
- Ohm's Law
- Electrical resistance
- Specific resistance or resistivity
- Effect of temperature on resistance
- Temperature coefficient of resistance
- Variation of resistivity with temperature
- Internal resistance of a supply
- Electric power
- Unit of electric power
- Kilowatt-hours
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe the concept of steady current.
- State Ohm's law.
- Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon temperature.
- Explain the internal resistance of sources and its consequences for external circuits.
- Describe the conditions for maximum power transfer.
8. ELECTROMAGNETISM
SUBTOPICS:
- Magnetic field
- Magnetic Flux
- Magnetic Flux Density
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Define magnetic flux density and its units.
- Describe the concept of magnetic flux(Ø) as scalar product of magnetic field (B) and area (A) using the relation ØB = B ┴ A = B.A.
- Describe quantitatively the path followed by a charged particle hot into a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the field.
- Explain that a force may act on a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.
9. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
SUBTOPICS:
- Electromagnetic induction
- Faraday's Law
- Lenz's Law
- Lenz's Law and conservation of energy
- Generating electricity-Alternating Current Generator
- Transformers
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
- Account for Lenz's law to predict the direction of an induced current and relate to the principle of conservation of energy.
- Describe the construction of a transformer and explain how it works.
- Describe how set-up and step-down transformers can be used to ensure efficient transfer of electricity along cables.
10. ELECTRONICS
SUBTOPICS:
- Rectification
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Define rectification and describe the use of diodes for half and full wave rectifications.
11. DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS
SUBTOPICS:
- The particle model of light
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Explain the particle model of light in terms of photons with particular energy.
12. SPECTRA SPECTRA
SUBTOPICS:
- Atomic spectra / line spectrum
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe and explain Atomic spectra / line spectrum
13. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
SUBTOPICS:
- Spontaneous and random nuclear decay/the law of radioactive decay
- Half Life and rate of decay
- Biological effects of radiation
- Biological and medical uses of radiation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
- Describe as impel model for the atom to include protons, neutrons and electrons.
- Identify the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay.
- Describe the term half-life and solve problems using the equation.
- Describe biological effects of radiation state and explain the different medical uses of radiation.
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