Industrial Chemistry - Chemistry II - Chapter 8 - For Class X (2022 and Onward) -Text Book Exercise - SECTION "B" - Short Questions

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Chapter No.8: Industrial Chemistry
For Class X (Science Group)

SECTION B - Short Questions

1. Define saponification process?
Ans: SAPONIFICATION:
Saponification is the reaction of triglycerides with sodium or potassium hydroxide to create glycerol and "soap", a fatty acid salt.

Q.2: Describe that NaOH and KOH are used in the preparation of soap?
Ans: USE OF CAUSTIC SODA (NaOH) IN THE PREPARATION OF SOAP:

• Caustic soda (NaOH) causes saponification and is an essential ingredient in soap-making. When flakes or beads or sodium hydroxide get added to d liquid, it forms a lye solution This solution, when mixed with oils or fats, will lead to a chemical reaction called saponification.
• A Hard soap is created when sodium hydroxide is used.
• Sodium hydroxide is employed as an alkali for the saponification of soap nowadays.

USE OF CAUSTIC POTASH (KOH) IN THE PREPARATION OF SOAP:

• Soap may also be manufactured with potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) as the alkali.
• Potassium soaps are more soluble in water than sodium soaps; in concentrated form, they are called soft soap.
• Although soft soaps are declining in importance, potassium soap is still produced in various liquid concentrations for use in combination with sodium soaps in shaving products and the textile industry.

Q.3: List down the material needed for sugar preparation?
Ans: MATERIAL NEEDED FOR SUGAR PREPARATION:
The raw material needed for the preparation of sugar from sugar cane are as follows:

• Sugar cane beads
• Lime
• Water

Q.4: Explain components of soft drink?
Ans: PREPARATION OF SOFT DRINK:
The basis of soft drinks, the syrup, is made up of water, sugar, acid, coloring and flavoring agents. This syrup is prepared by dissolving these ingredients into water to 65° Brix.

COMPONENTS (Material Required For Preparation) OF SOFT DRINK:
The preparation of soft drinks compose of following components.

• Water 
• Calcium and other minerals
• Coloring and flavoring agent
• Sugar for microbial growth
• Citric acid for sour taste.

Q.5: Define Petroleum?
Ans: PETROLEUM:
Petroleum is a natural substance trapped in rocks beneath the Earth's crust. The term "petroleum' refers to rock oil. Water; salts, and earth particles are all present in this complex combination of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons. It is a liquid that is lighter than water yet insoluble in it.

Q.6: Justify the petroleum is "Black Gold".
Ans: PETROLEUM IS "BLACK GOLD":
Petroleum is referred to as 'black gold' because when crude oil is extracted from the land it is black in colour. This resource is compared to gold due to its valuable properties and worth too, Its many components have a lot of commercial value. Such a substance is rare on earth. Even its extraction is expensive. Crude oil is jet black before purification but after purification, turns golden in colour; therefore, its tagged as Gold.

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