Biology For Class IX - Chapter No.1 - Introduction To Biology - Text Book Exercise And Short Questions Answers

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
Text Book Exercise

1. Encircle the correct answer:
(i) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a:_______.
(a) Biosphere
(b) Community
(c) Ecosystem
(d) Population

2. Increased quantity and quality of fish production:_______.
(a) Fisheries
(b) Farming
(c) Animal husbandry
(d) Forestry

3. Study of remote past organic life, with the help of fossils:______.
(a) Entomology
(b) Paleontology
(c) Taxonomy
(d) Histology

4. Laws and techniques of physics are applied to explain the living processes of life:________.
(a) Biometry
(b) Biostatistics
(c) Biophysics
(d) Bio-economics

5. Choose the incorrect statement:
(a) Six elements such as C, H, O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.
(b) Foundation of life based on chemicals.
(c) Members of different species form population.
(d) Part of earth where life exists is called biosphere.

6. Science of diagnosis and treatment of diseases:_____.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Medicine
(c) Surgery
(d) Both B and C

7. Similar cells combine together to form:_______.
a) Organs
(b) System
(c) Tissue
(d) Body

8. Scientific name of frog is: _______.
(a) Palaeon
(b) Rana tigrina
(c) Periplaneta
(d) Pheretima

9. Select the correct sequence of biological organization:
(a) Atom → Cell → Tissue → Molecule → Organ
(b) Atom → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Organ
(c) Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ
(d) Atom → Cell → Molecule →Tissue → Organ

10. Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of:______.
(a) Green algae
(b) Red algae
(c) Brown algae
(d) None of these

2. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Techniques for manipulation of gene to achieve desirable characters are called biotechnology.
(ii) Distribution of different living organisms in different regions of the world biogeography.
(iii) Part of agriculture for the development of new varieties of plant, and their fruit is horticulture.
(iv) Bio elements considered as vital for life are 16 in members.
(v) Members of different species living in specific habitat are called Community.
(vi) The Muslim scientists who identified many diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis and other such inflammations was Bu Ali Sina.
(vii) Part of earth where life exists is called Biosphere.
(viii) Foundation of life based on chemical foundation.
(ix) Fish is one of the best source of protein.
(x) Radio labeling and carbon dating also show some uses of radioactive isotopes in determining the age of fossils.

Q.3: Define the following terms:

1. Anatomy
2. Histology
3. Immunology
4. Pharmacology
5. Entomology
6. Biometry
7. Biogeography
8. Surgery
9. Animal husbandry
10. Bioelements

Ans:(i) Anatomy (Gr. ana; part/up, tome; cutting):
The study of internal parts of body of living organisms by cutting them open.

(ii) Histology (Gr. histos: tissue; logos, discourse):
The study of structure of tissues of plant and animals.

(iii) Immunology:
The branch of Biology that deals with the study of immune system of animals, which defends the body against invading harmful microbes (micro organism) is called immunology.

(iv) Pharmacology (Gr. pharmakon, drug;):
The study about action and effects of drugs.

(v) Entomology:
The branch of  zoology deals with the scientific study of insects is called entomology.

(vi) Biomathematics / Biometry:
The branch of mathematics which collects data of living organisms using mathematical techniques and tools is called Biometry or Biomathematics. It plays very important role in research.

(vii) Biogeography:
It deals with the distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.
Many living organisms are restricted to particular geographical regions due to environmental conditions.

(viii) Surgery:
The profession of medicine deals with repair, replacement or removal the affected organ is called Surgery.

OR

The branch of medicine that employs operations in the treatment of disease or injury.

(ix) Animal husbandry:
This profession is part of agriculture science. It deals with the care and breeding of animals which are beneficial for man.

(x) Bio-elements:
Chemical elements which are found in the molecules and compounds that make up a living organism are called bio-elements. There are more than 100 kinds of elements in nature and among these 16 elements are called as bio-elements, which are vital for life. Only six elements such as C, H, O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.

OR

Any of the chemical elements which are component of living organism and are required for their survival and growth are called bio-elements. In human body the most common bio elements are oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous.

Q.2: Distinguish between the following in tabulated form
(i) Colonial organization and multicellular organization
(ii) Agriculture and horticulture
(iii) Unicellular Organism and Multicellular Organism

Ans: (i) Difference between Colonial organization and multicellular organization

S.NO.	Colonial organization	Multicellular organization
1.	Unicellular organisms  who lives in colonies are included in Colonial organisms.	Multicellular organism are composed of more than one cell and refer to form tissues and organs in multicellular organism.
2.	If all members of an aggregation can perform all the basic functions of life for themselves, so none of them depends on others to do things they can not, then the aggregation is the colony.	If some members of the aggregation carry out function that others can not, so their respective contributory functions are each necessary to the survival of the whole then it is a multicellular organism.
3.	The cells are not dependent on each other.	The cells are dependent on each other.
4.	A colonial organism is the individual organisms that form a colony, and can survive on their own, if separated.	Cells from a multicellular organism (e.g., liver cells), if separated  can not survive on their own.
5.	There is no separation in somatic cells and gametes. All cells can have offspring, which contribute to the formation of daughter-colonies	In multicellular organisms,cells are differentiate as somatic cells which form tissues and organs etc., while  gametes contribute to the formation of next generation,
6.	example: Volvox	example: Mustard plant, Frog

(ii) Difference between Agriculture and horticulture

S.NO.	Agriculture	Horticulture
1.	Agriculture is a broad term that cover forestry, agronomy,  animal husbandry, aquaculture and horticulture.	Horticulture is a branch or sub-group of agriculture.
2.	Agriculture is conducted on wider area, infield and farms.	Horticulture is conducted on smaller area.
3.	Agriculture includes cultivating crops (plants), animal husbandry (raising animals for food and other human necessities) and fungi.	Horticulture is mainly crop (plant) cultivation. It focuses on cultivation, marketing, improving and technology of plants for food and human necessities.
4.	Agriculture uses more chemicals	Horticulture uses lesser chemicals
5.	Agriculture has an adverse effect on biological diversity	Horticulture has lesser impact on biological diversity
6.	Agriculture dates its origin to much older times i.e., immediately after old stone-age.	Horticulture is a division of agriculture finding its origin much later.
7.	It is expensive.	It is less expensive.
8.	It has large output.	It has less output.
9.	Sometimes called "farming".	Sometimes called "gardening".

(iii) Difference between unicellular Organisms and multicellular Organisms

S.NO.	Unicellular Organisms	Multicellular organization
1.	Unicellular organisms are composed of a single cell.	Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell.
2.	Simple body organization.	Complex body organization.
3.	A single cell carries out all necessary life processes.	Multiple cells perform different functions.
4.	The total cell body is exposed to the environment.	Only the outer cells are exposed to the environment.
5.	Division of labour is at the organelle level.	Division of labour is at cellular, tissue, organs and organ system level.
6.	Includes both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.	Includes only eukaryotes.
7.	A lifespan of a unicellular organism is usually short.	A lifespan of a unicellular organism is usually short.
8.	Injury to the cell leads to the death of the organism.	Injury to a cell does not cause the death of the multicellular organism.
9.	Asexual reproduction is predominant, however, sexual reproduction is also seen (conjugation).	Reproduction happens sexually as well as asexually.
10.	Cell differentiation is absent.	Cell differentiation is present.
11.	They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs.	They include both autotrophs and heterotrophs.
12.	They are microscopic in nature.	Most organisms can be seen with naked eyes.
13.	Bacteria, Amoeba, Paramecium, and yeast are examples of unicellular organisms	Humans, animals, plants, birds and insects, are examples of multicellular organisms

Q.3: Write short answers of following questions.
(i) Why subject biology is named as multidimensional subject?
Ans: Biology is named as multidimensional subject because it links with other sciences. For example, the movement of animals follows the laws of motion in physics. Biology is considered as interdisciplinary science, which is related with other sciences. 

(ii) How farming profession helps mankind?
Ans: In this profession, the development and maintenance of different kinds of farms takes place.
Farming profession helps mankind as:

1. In cattle  farms, new technologies are used for the production of animals as source of meat and milk, leather, wool, etc.
2. In poultry farm, chicken and eggs are produced.
3. Other farms are fish farm and fruit farms etc.

OR

Farming is the science of developing and maintaining farm. With the advancement of farming techniques, man improves the quality and yield of the existing varieties and produces certain new varieties of crops. This helps to overcome the problems of food shortage, incidence of famine declines and economic conditions of mankind are improving.

OR

When farmers prioritize biodiversity on their land, it benefits the earth. Having more biodiversity results in healthier soil, less erosion, better water conservation, and healthier pollinators. This is all good news for the environment as a whole, making agriculture an important part of the cycle of life.

(iii) Why species is called as smallest taxonomic level?
Ans: Species is called as smallest taxonomic level because it is the smallest and basic unit of classification. Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species. Thus all the individual members belonging to particular species show all similar characters and can breed among themselves to produce a similar type of organism.

(iv) How population is different from community?
Ans:Difference between population and community

S.NO.	Population	Community
1.	All the members of a same species, living in specific habitat are called Population.	The members of different species living in specific habitat are called as Community.
2.	A Population is group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool.	The term Community refers to the populations of animals and plants that live within a specific region under similar environmental conditions.
3.	A group of parrots living on tree, is called parrot population.	A group of different kind of birds, living on tree, is called as bird community.

(v) How new varieties of plant are produced?
Ans: Horticulture is a part of agriculture, in which work is carried out for the development of new varieties of plants and their products. In other words, the new plant varieties are produced by selection and hybridization.
Selection is a non-random process which leads to individuals of different genotypes being represented unequally in their progeny in later generations of a population of self-propagation units. Selection can be natural or artificial.
Hybridization is the crossing of two varieties, species or genera having desired genes by bringing together the useful characters of these into one progeny.
 

(vi) Draw a labeled diagram of frog’s digestive system.

Digestive System Of Frog

OR

6. Write detailed answers of the following questions.
(i) Describe the role of Muslim scientists in the field of biology.
Ans: Contribution of Muslim Scientists:
The Muslim scientists have played great role in the development of biological science. They began experiments and observations from the first Century of Hijra. Following are some details about the important Muslim scientists, who made significant contribution towards the development of biology.

1. Jabir Bin Hayan:

1. Period: He was born 722 and died in 817 A.D.
2. Birth Place: He was born in Iran
3. Contribution: He worked in the field of chemistry.
4. Famous Books: He also wrote a number of books on plants and animals. Like:
   (i) “Al-Nabatiat” on plants.
   (ii) “Al Haywan” on animals.

2. Abdul Malik Asmai:

1. Period: He was born 741 and died in 828 A.D.
2. Contribution: He was great zoologist.
3. Famous Books: He wrote many books on animals. Like:
   (i) “Al Kheil” on horse.
   (ii)“Al-Ibil” on camels.
   (iii)“Al-Shat” on sheep.
   (iv) “Al-Wahoosh” on wild animals and
   (v)“Khalqul Insan” on the different parts of human body and their functions.

3. Bu Ali Sina :

1. Period: He was born 980 and died in 1037 A.D.
2. Founder of Medicine: He was greatest of all the Muslim scientists and considered as the founder of medicine. He is called as Avicenna in the west.
3. Contribution: He identified many diseases like tuberculosis, meningitis and other such inflammations.
   He also worked in the field of mathematics, astronomy, physics, paleontology and music.
4. Famous Books: He wrote books like:
   (i) “Al-Qanoon” and
   (ii) “Fil Tib Al-Shafa”.

(ii) Describe the relationships of biology to other sciences.
Ans: Relationship Of Biology To Other Sciences:
Biology is a multidimensional subject and linked with other sciences. For example, the movement of animals follows the laws of motion in physics. Biology is considered as interdisciplinary science, which is related with other sciences. Some of these are mentioned below:

Biophysics:
It is a branch of physics, in which laws and techniques of physics are applied to explain the processes of life.
Example:

• The radio-physics branch where radioactive isotopes are used to trace the translocation of different materials within the organisms.
• Radio-labeling and carbon-dating also show some uses of radioactive isotopes in determining the age of fossils.
• Uses of sound waves as ultrasound and laser technology show relation of physics with biology.

1. Biomathematics / Biometry:
   The branch of mathematics which collects data of living organisms using mathematical techniques and tools is called Biometry or Biomathematics.
   Example: It plays very important role in research.
   
   
2. Biochemistry:
   It is branch of biology which deals with the study of molecules which form living organisms or cell and requires authentic knowledge about biology and chemistry to explain the synthesis of biomolecules and function of different molecules in the body of an organism.
   Example: The study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry.
   
   
3. Biogeography:
   It deals with the distribution of different living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.
   Example: Many living organisms are restricted to particular geographical regions due to environmental conditions.
   
   
4. Bio-economics:
   This deals with the economically important organisms involved in production.
   Example: meat production, etc. are calculated for cost value and profit value.

(iii) Describe the level of organization.
Ans: Level Of Organization
The levels of organization in living world are based on chemical foundation. All the living organisms are made up of cells and the protoplasm of cell is the physical as well as chemical basis of life. These levels are as follows:

1. Atomic level of organization:

• All the matter is made up of elements, which is composed of atom (a: not, tom: cut).
• Each atom is made up of sub-atomic particles, such as electrons, protons and neutrons.
• In nature, there are more than 100 kinds of elements and among these 16 elements are called as bio-elements, which are vital for life.
• Only six elements such as C, H, O, N, S and P are called basic elements of life.

2. Molecular level of organization:

• Molecules are formed by the binding of atoms.
• These organic molecules of cells are called as bio-molecules.
• These are constructed in great variety and complexity.
• They are classified as micro-molecules and macro molecules.
• Glucose, amino acid and fatty acids are micro-molecules.
• Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are macro-molecules.
• The units of micro-molecules combine together to form macro-molecules.

3. Cellular level of organization:

• The bio-molecules when work together in the form of suspension, It is called Protoplasm.
• Protoplasm is the combination of organic and specific inorganic substances.
• When protoplasm work in the form of a unit, this is called Cell.
• Cell is the basic unit of living organisms.
• When similar type of cells organize together in a group, called tissues.
• The different types of tissues arranged in a particular manner to work together are called Organs.
• Organs of different types work in a co-ordinated manner to perform a function are called Organ-system.
• When different organ-system function in co-ordination in as a unit, they form a body or Multicellular Organism.

4. Taxonomic level:

• Taxonomic level is another level of organization which is related with living organisms.
• The Species is the smallest unit of taxonomic level of organization, which includes morphologically similar living organisms which inter-breed and produce fertile offspring.

5. Population level:

• All the members of a species, living in specific habitat are called Population.
• For example, A group of parrots living on tree, is called parrot population.

6. Community level:

• The members of different species living in specific habitat are called as Community.
• For example, A group of different kind of birds, living on tree, is called as bird community.

7. Ecological system:

• Communities always depend upon their non-living environment in a reciprocal interaction for their survival.
• For example, oxygen for respiration is obtained from environment and in turn given out CO₂ .
• This interaction of living organisms with each other and with non-living of the environment is called Ecosystem or Ecological system.

8. Biosphere level:

• The part of earth where life exists is called biosphere.
• It consists of different kinds of Eco-systems.

Graphical Representation Of Level Of Organisations:

Civics (Compulsory) / (Akhalaqiat) For Class XI (All Group) - Paper Setting Scheme for Annual 2022 Examinations

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Civics (Compulsory) / (Akhalaqiat)
Class XI (For All Groups)
Paper Pattern 2022

Paper Setting Scheme for Annual 2022 Examinations
Subject:Civics (Compulsory) / (Akhalaqiat)

BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION, KARACHI

Scheme & the Structure for Paper Setting work for Annual Examinations 2022

CIVIC (COMPUISORY) / Akhalaqiat
For (All Groups)

• Duration: 2 hours
• Marks: 50

Section 'A':
20 Minutes

Multiple Choice Questions(40s%) (20 marks)

Multiple Choice Question must be covered complete Syllabus of Civics

• Each MCQs carry 1 mark
• Given MCQs will be = 20 MCQs
• All MCQs to be answered

Section 'B':
70 Minutes

Short Answer Questions (40%) (20 marks)

• Short Answer Question must be given from the prescribed Syllabus all content are to be followed.
• Eight (8) Short Answer Questions given Each Question having (4 Marks), In this Section Student shall attempt (5 Questions) from the given (8 Short Answer Questions).

Section 'C':
30 Minutes

Detailed Answer Questions (20%) (20 Marks)

• Detailed Answer Questions must be given from prescribed Syllabus all content are to be followed.
• Three (03) Detailed Answer Questions have been given and (02 Questions) are to be answered and each Question having (10 Marks).

Commercial Geography -Paper-II For Class XII (Commerce Group) - Paper Setting Scheme & Model Paper for Annual 2023 Examinations

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Class XII (Commerce Group)
Paper Setting Scheme
For Annual Examination 2023
Subject: Commercial Geography -Paper-II

Model Paper 2023

Thermal Properties of Matter - Physics For Class IX (Science Group) - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) , Fill in the blanks and Concept Map

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Physics For Class IX (Science Group)
UNIT 9: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) , Fill in the blanks and Concept Map

Section (A) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Tick mark (✓) the correct answer:
01. Heat is the form of:
(a) Pressure
(b) Weight
(c) Energy ✓
(d) All

02. Heat capacity is the product of mass and ___.
(a) Boiling point
(b) Freezing point
(c) Energy
(d) Specific heat of material ✓

03. The amount of heat needed to convert a substance from liquid to gas is called:
(a) Heat of vaporization ✓
(b) Specific heat
(c) Latent heat of fusion
(d) All

04. Thermal energy transfer required per unit mass to increase the temperature by 1°C or 1 K is called:
(a) Latent heat of Vaporization
(b) Specific heat capacity ✓
(c) Latent heat of fusion
(d) Thermal capacity

05. A fixed temperature at which a pure liquid boils is called:
(a) Melting point
(b) Freezing point
(c) Boiling point ✓
(d) Both 'a' and 'b'

06. The melting point of ice at normal atmospheric pressure is:
(a) 0 °C ✓
(b) 0 K
(c) 100 °C
(d) Both 'a' and 'b'

07. Thermal energy transfer required to change a solid into liquid without changing its temperature is called:
(a) Latent heat of Fusion ✓
(b) Latent heat of vaporization
(c)Latent heat of boiling
(d) Specific heat capacity

08. Thermal energy transfer required to change a liquid into gas without changing its temperature is called:
(a) Latent heat of freezing
(b) Latent heat of vaporization ✓
(c) Latent heat of boiling
(d) Latent heat of melting

09. Evaporation can occur at:
(a) Freezing point
(b) Melting point
(c) Boiling point
(d) All temperatures ✓

10. Rate of evaporation of a liquid can be increased by:
(a) increasing humidity
(b) decreasing temperature
(c) increasing its boiling point ✓
(d) decreasing atmospheric pressure

11. Linear thermal expansion of a solid depend upon:
(a) increasing in temperature
(b) original length
(c) properties of material
(d) all of these ✓

12. The S.I unit of heat is:
(a) calorie
(b) joule ✓
(c) Celsius
(d) Kelvin

13. It is the degree of hotness of a body:
(a) Heat
(b) Specific heat
(c) Temperature ✓
(d) Latent heat

14. Thermometer is a device, used to measure:
(a) temperature ✓
(b) heat
(c) specific heat
(d) latent heat

15. This scale of temperature is mostly used for environmental measurements:
(a) Kelvin scale
(b) Fahrenheit scale
(c) Celsius scale ✓
(d) Both `a' & 'b'

16. This scale of temperature is mostly used for industrial measurements:
(a) Kelvin scale ✓
(b) Fahrenheit scale
(c) Celsius scale
(d) Both 'a' & 'b'

17. Which one is correct to convert temperature from Celsius scale to Kelvin scale?
(a) K = 1.8 °C + 273
(b) K= 1.8 °C - 273
(c) K = °C - 273
(d) K = °C + 273 ✓

18. Which one is correct to convert temperature from Celsius scale to Fahrenheit scale?
(a) °F = 1.8 °C - 32
(b) °F = 1.8 °C + 32 ✓
(c) °F = 1.8 °C - 273
(d) °F = 1.8 °C + 273

19. Which one is correct to convert temperature from Fahrenheit scale to Celsius scale?
(a) °C = °F - 32 / 1.8 ✓
(b) °C = °F + 32 / 1.8
(c) °C = °F - 1.8 / 32
(d) °C = °F + 1.8 / 32

20. Specific heat of water is:
(a) 240 Jkg^-1K^-1
(b) 2400 Jkg^-1K^-1
(c) 420 Jkg^-1K^-1
(d) 4200 Jkg^-1K^-1 ✓

21. Boiling point of water is:
(a) 100 K
(b) 100 °F
(c) 100 °C ✓
(d) 92.8 °F

22. It is a term in physics that describe how much heat is added to a substance to raise its temperature by 1°C:
(a) Latent heat of Fusion
(b) Latent heat of vaporization
(c) Specific heat capacity
(d) Heat capacity ✓

23. Heat capacity depends upon the nature of material:
(a) increasing in temperature
(b) original length
(c) nature of material ✓
(d) all of these

24. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance through 1 °C is called:
(a) Latent heat of Fusion
(b) Latent heat of vaporization
(c) Specific heat capacity ✓
(d) Heat capacity

25. Equation of specific heat capacity 'c' is as under:
(a) Q / ΔT
(b) ΔQ / mΔT ✓
(c) ΔT / mΔQ
(d) mΔQ / ΔT

26. Joule per kilogram per Kelvin (Jkg^-1K^-1 )is the 5.1 unit of:
(a) specific heat capacity ✓
(b) heat capacity
(c) latent heat of Fusion
(d) thermal expansion

27. The heat of fusion for water at 0 °C is approximately:
(a) 2230 Joules per gram
(b) 2130 Joules per gram
(c) 1230 Joules per gram
(d) 334 Joules per gram ✓

28. The heat of vaporization for water at 100°C is about:
(a) 2230 Joules per gram ✓
(b) 2130 Joules per gram
(c) 1230 Joules per gram
(d) 334 Joules per gram

29. Wet clothes dry in sun due to the:
(a) heat capacity
(b) specific heat
(c) evaporation ✓
(d) latent heat

30. Which statement is true for evaporation?
(a) It only takes place with the supply of an external heat source.
(b) It occurs only at a certain temperature called "Boiling point".
(c) It does not cause cooling.
(d) It takes place only at the liquid surface. ✓

31. Which statement is NOT true for boiling?
(a) It only takes place with the supply of an external heat source.
(b) It does not cause cooling.
(c) No formation of bubbles ✓
(d) It takes place throughout the liquid.

32. Evaporation causes:
(a) boiling
(b) freezing
(c) fusion
(d) cooling ✓

33. Volatile liquids have:
(a) low boiling point ✓
(b) high boiling point
(c) low freezing point
(d) high freezing point

34. Which statement is NOT correct?
The rate of evaporation increases with:
(a) with the increase in temperature
(b) with the increase in wind speed
(c) with the increase in humidity ✓
(d) with the increase in surface area of liquid

35. Salty water evaporates:
(a) more faster than pure water
(b) more slowly than pure water ✓
(c) with the same rate
(d) No evaporation occurs

36: The co-efficient of volume expansion of liquids is:
(a) zero
(b) equal to that of solids
(c) greater than solids ✓
(d) less than solids

37. If "β" is the coefficient of volume expansion and "α" is the coefficient of linear expansion than:
(a) β = 2α
(b) β = 3α ✓
(c) α = 2β
(d) α = 3β

38. It is used to control temperature of ovens, irons water heaters, refrigerators, air conditioners and so on:
(a) Bimetallic thermostat ✓
(b) Rivet
(c) Radiator
(d) Mercury

Fill In The Blanks:

1.  Heat is the form of energy. 
2. Unit or SI unit of heat is Joule.
3.  Degree of hotness or coldness of a body is called as temperature.
4.  Heat that determines the direction of transfer of thermal energy is called temperature.
5.  Three different scales, Celsius , Fahrenheit and Kelvin are used for quantitative measurement of temperature.
6.  Temperature on Celsius scale is converted into Kelvin using K = °C + 273.
7.  Temperature on Celsius scale is converted to Fahrenheit using: °F=1.8 °C + 32.
8.  Thermal energy transfer required per unit mass to raise the temperature by 1 °C or 1 K is called specific heat capacity.
9.  The product of mass and specific heat capacity is called thermal capacity or heat capacity of an object.
10.  Thermal energy transfer required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid without changing its temperature is called latent heat of fusion.
11.  Thermal energy transfer required to change the state of a substance from liquid into gas without changing its temperature is called heat of vaporization.
12.  The process in which liquid changes into gas without any external energy supply is called evaporation.
13.  Real expansion of water is the sum of apparent expansion of water and volume expansion of flask.
14.  Temperature, humidity, surface area of liquid, pressure, boiling point and moving air are the factors which affect the evaporation process of a liquid.
15.  Increase in length or size of a substance on heating is called thermal expansion.
16.  Increase in the length of a solid, when heated is called linear thermal expansion.
17.  Increase in volume of a solid, when heated is called volume thermal expansion.
18.  Volume thermal expansion of a solid depends upon increase in temperature, its original volume and properties of material.
19.  Increase in volume of a solid after heating is calculated by using ΔV = βV₀ ΔT.

CONCEPT MAP

English (Advanced) I & II - For Class XI and XII (For Science, Home Economics, Commerce (Regular & Private), Humanities (Regular & Private), Medical Technology) - Paper Setting Scheme for Annual 2022 Examinations

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Class XI and XII
(For Science, Home Economics, Commerce (Regular & Private), Humanities (Regular & Private), Medical Technology)

Paper Setting Scheme
For Annual Examination 2023
Subject: English (Advanced) I & II

BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION, KARACHI

PAPER SETTING SCHEME FOR ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS-2022

For Science, Home Economics, Commerce (Regular & Private), Humanities (Regular & Private), Medical Technology

• Subject: English (Advanced) - I & II
• Duration: 3 Hours
• Marks : 1oo

Section 'A':

Multiple Choice Questions — MCQs: (40%)

• Given MCQs = 40
• To Attempt = 40
• Each MCQs carries 1 mark
• This Section consist of 40 marks

Section 'B':

Short Answers Question (40%)

• Given = 15 Short Answer Questions
• To Attempt = 10 Questions (10 x 4 = 40 marks)
• Each Question carries 4 marks

Section 'C':

Detailed Answer Questions (20%)

• Given = 3 Questions
• To Attempt = 2 Questions (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
• Each question carries 10 marks

Distribution of Marks

• Section 'A' = 40 marks
• Section 'B' = 40 marks
• Section 'C' = 20 marks
• Total Marks=100

Chemistry For Class IX (New Book ) - Chapter No.8 - Chemical Reactivity - Notes By FAW Group Of Education

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Chapter No.8 - Chemical Reactivity
Notes By FAW Group Of Education

Special Thanks To Sir Waseem Ahmed Qureshi And Abdul Rehman Turk

Chemistry For Class IX (New Book ) - Chapter No.7 - Electrochemistry - Notes By FAW Group Of Education

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Chapter No.7 - Electrochemistry
Notes By FAW Group Of Education

Special Thanks To Sir Waseem Ahmed Qureshi And Abdul Rehman Turk

Chemistry For Class IX (New Book ) - Chapter No.6 - Solutions - Notes By FAW Group Of Education

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Chapter No.6 - Solutions
Notes By FAW Group Of Education

Special Thanks To Sir Waseem Ahmed Qureshi And Abdul Rehman Turk

Chemistry For Class IX (New Book ) - Chapter No.5 - Physical States of Matter - Notes By FAW Group Of Education

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Chapter No.5 - Physical States of Matter
Notes By FAW Group Of Education

Special Thanks To Sir Waseem Ahmed Qureshi And Abdul Rehman Turk

Accounting - For B-COM Part 1 - Guess Papers 2022 - By Sir Khalid Aziz

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B-COM Part 1
Karachi University
For Regular and Private Exam
Accounting

By Sir Khalid Aziz