Homeostasis (Chapter No.15) - MCQs - Biology Book Two (English) - Class 2nd Year (XII or 12th) Science Group

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Chapter No.15
HOMEOSTASIS

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Encircle the correct choice:
i) A self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to the changing conditions called:
a) Homeostasis ✔
b) Osmoregulation
c) Excretion
d) Biological rhythms

ii) Which does not maintain a stable, homeostatic condition rather it intensifies the change that is happening to the body:
a) Negative feedback
b) Positive feedback ✔
c) Feedback system
d) Excretion

iii) Freshwater organisms also have specialized cells located in their gills and in skin which actively extract Na⁺, Cl^- and Ca⁺⁺ from external medium and excrete (H⁺)or basic (HCO₃^-) for acid base balance in the body fluids are called:
a) Granulocyte
b) Lymphocyte
c) Ionocytes ✔
d) podocyte

iv) Renal cortex produces, an important hormone necessary for the synthesis of RBC’s:
a) Erythropoietin ✔
b) Leukoopoietin
c) Thrombopoietin
d) Renin

v) Glomerulus have specialized cells that are wrapped around blood capillaries that play an active role 1n preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate called:
a) Epithelial cells
b) Podocyte cells ✔
c) Endothelial cells
d) None of them

vi) Tubules secretes ions such as hydrogen, potassium, and NH₃ into the filtrate while reabsorbing the HCO₃^- from the filtrate are called:
a) Distal convoluted tubule
b) Proximal convoluted tubule ✔
c) Collecting duct
d) Loop of Henle

vii) Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) is in which proportional to the hydrostatic pressure exerted in glomerulus wall:
a) Indirectly proportional
b) Directly proportional ✔
c) Same proportional
d) High proportional

viii) Another Compound that increases the osmotic gradient in inner medulla is the:
a) Urea ✔
b) Water
c) Sulphates
d) Phosphates

ix) The inflammation in Kidneys due to irritation of kidney stones is called:
a) Lithonephritis ✔
b) Edema
c) Sarcoma
d) Encephalitis

x) If the surrounding environment becomes hot or a person do strenuous physical activity the heat produced inside the body and raises body temperature above suitable suitable limit this condition is called:
a) Exothermia
b) Hyperthermia ✔
c) Hypothermia
d) Endothermia


Important Points To Remember:

• Homeostasis is process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to the changing conditions.
• Feedback, in biology, is a response within a system.
• There are two types of feedback mechanisms that counter act upon each other called positive and negative feedback.
• Freshwater and marine water animals adjust their osmotic internal environment according to the changing external environment primarily by excretion.
• Animals produce different types of excretory waste to regulate their internal homeostatic environment.
• Urinary system is not only used for removing waste from the body, but also maintains the acid base balance of the body.
• Urinary system formed by mainly a pair of kidneys and associated organs.
• Kidney performs different functions including ultra filtration, selective reabsorption and counter current mechanism.
• Diseases of urinary tract are caused by bacteria and viruses that invade or enters through anus or urethral opening and by other means.
• Urine contains many dissolved mineral and salts that form different compounds.
• Kidney failure is treated by are hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), peritoneal dialysis and in severe case kidney transplant.
• Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism that keeps the body temperature of an organism up to suitable limits independent of external environmental temperature.
• Thermoregulation is all about keeping the stability of thermal energy expense in the body.
• Humans are endotherms means they maintain their body temperature at suitable limit that is 370C.
• Humans have adapted some behavioral and physiological strategies to adjust thermogenesis in cold and hot environment.
• ADH stands for anti-diuretic hormone.
• BUN stands for Blood nitrogen test.
• CRRT stands for Continuous renal replacement theraoy.
• DCT stands for Distal convoluted tubule.
• ESWL stands for Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. GFR stands for Glomerular filtration rate.
• HLA stands for Human leucocytes antigen.
• PCNL stands for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
• PCT stands for Proximal convoluted tubule.
• RBC's stands for Red blood cells.
• TMAO stands for Trimethylamine oxide.