English For class IX - Chapter No.18 - Text Book Exercise

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A Letter About The Village Life In Pakistan

Exercise

Textual Study:-

1. Use the above words and phrases in your own sentences.

S.NO.	Words	Sentences
1.	Assure	I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.
2.	Fortunately	Fortunately we were blessed with fine weather.
3.	Straightforward	A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.
4.	Scattere	The police scattered the disorderly crowd.
5.	Dawn to dusk	During harvest farmers work from dawn to dusk.
6.	Scorching	Peasants are busy weeding under the scorching sun.

Comprehension:

Tick (✓) the right answer:-

1. Who is living in Canada?
(a) Nadir
(b) Nomi  ✔️
(c) Shahid

2. Shahid writes a letter to Nomi:
(a) About the village life in Pakistan. ✔️
(b) About the village life in England.
(c) About the village life in Canada.

3. In the village houses are mostly:
(a) Cement-plastered.
(b) Un-plastered.
(c) Mud-plastered. ✔️

4. Otaq is the meeting place for:
(a) Men. ✔️
(b) Women.
(c) Girls.

5. Who are the two important persons of the village?
(a) A carpenter and a farmer.
(b) A blacksmith and a goldsmith.
(c) A school teacher and the imam.  ✔️

Composition:

1. Write five sentences each about 'Air pollution' and 'A village well'. 

Air Pollution
1- There are various kinds of pollution such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution.
2- Air pollution is caused due to the introduction of harmful gases, toxic elements, allergens etc in the air.
3- Air pollution highly affects the quality of air making it dangerous for the human survival.
4- Industrial, vehicular emissions and volcanic eruptions are few causes of air pollution.
5- The highly polluted air can also affect the plant and vegetation of the region.
6- Smog, a type of air pollutant can cause irritation in eyes, throat, damage to lungs and even lead to asthma attacks.
7- Greenhouse gases emitted from industries and vehicles gave rise to ‘Global Warming’ which is a threat to the earth’s ecosystem.
8- Reduction of burning fossil fuels, use of electronic vehicles, reforestation etc. can reduce air pollution to a major extent.

  A village well
1. The Village Well is a meeting place for women.
2. Here they gather to collect water, wash cloths and wash utensils.
3. The women folk talk about their domestic affairs.
4. This place also helps to create social understanding.
5. Villagers also use wells to irrigate their crops and fields.

2. Write a paragraph on 'The farmer working in the field'. Use the following vocabulary: 
    Plough, Shoulder, Bullocks, Sickle, Crop, Seed, Dawn, Dusk. 

A farmer is one of the most important members of society. He provides food to the people, to all practical purposes. He lives in a village. He grows crops and keeps animals. He works very hard.
A farmer has many kinds of works to do. He works in his field  from dawn to dusk all year round. He ploughs his fields with the help of bullocks and tractors. He sows the seeds. When crops is ready to harvest, he works with a sickle in his head reaping the crops under the scorching sun. For him, rain, cold or suns do not matter much. A farmer has big responsibility on his shoulder and therefore the farmer's life is a model of hard work.

Study of Structures:-

Much, Too much, Many, Too many, Enough
Examples:
(a) I have heard much about village life.
(b) Too much of any thing is bad.
(c) I saw the village many boys in the class.
(d) There are too many boys in the class.
(e) I am strong enough to work.
N.B: It will be observed from the examples given above that too with much and many and enough are used in positive or affirmative meaning, but too with infinitives has a negative meaning, while enough with an infinitive has an affirmative meaning.

Examples:
1. The soup is too hot to drink.
(The soup is so hot. I can't drink it.)

2. The picture is too high to reach.
(The picture is very high. You can't reach it.)

3. He is tall enough to touch the ceiling fan.
(He is very tall. He can touch the ceiling fan.)

4. It was cold enough to freeze our fingers.
(It was very cold. Our fingers were freezing.)

Exercises:
Use either too or enough and the infinitive to express the following ideas: 

1.The tea is very hot. I can't drink it.
Ans: The tea is too hot to drink it. 

2. Our teacher is clever. He can tell u the answer.
Ans: Our teacher is clever enough to tell you the answer. 

3.He was very angry. He couldn't speak to me.
Ans: He was too angry to speak to me. 

4. The windows were very dirty. We couldn't see through them.
Ans: The windows were too dirty to see through them. 

5. I think you are very strong. You can lift the box.
Ans: I think you are strong enough to lift the box. 

6. He is fine again. He can go out in the sun.
Ans: He is fine enough to go out in the sun.

7. He is very lazy. He can't reach in time.
Ans: he is too lazy to reach in time. 

8. The hat is very big. You can wear it easily.
Ans: The hat is big enough to wear it easily. 

9. This shirt is very old. I can't wear it.
Ans: This shirt is too old to wear it. 

10. This grammar is very difficult. You can't understand it.
Ans: This grammar is too difficult to understand it. 

Exercise: 
 Late, early (as adverbs and adjectives)
Examples: 
1. I could not come early enough to attend the meeting.
2. I get up early in the morning.
3. He came late yesterday.
4. The villagers are early risers.
5. They are not late sleepers.
Note: In sentence 1, 2 and 3, early and late modify the verbs, so they are adverbs but in sentence 4 and 5 they qualify the nouns -i.e. risers and sleepers, so they are adjectives. The function a word does in a sentence determines its place as a part of speech.

Exercises:

Use early and late as adverbs and adjectives in your own sentences. Make five sentences for each. 
Early As Adverb :
1. The bus came five minutes early.
2. I woke up early this morning.
3.We meet the hero quite early in the film.
4. She arrived a few minutes early for her interview.
5. I was planning to finish work early today

Early As Adjective:
1. The project is still in the early stages.
2. Early booking is essential, as space is limited.
3. Mustafa learnt to play the piano at an early age.
4. The ruling overturned the court’s earlier decision.
5. The gallery has an unrivaled collection of early twentieth-century art.
6.The painting is a fine example of early Impressionism.

Late As Adverb:
1. Mustafa worked late into the night to finish the report.
2. she arrived late in party.
3. The big stores are open later on Thursdays.
4. The birthday card arrived three days late.
5. Aniya got up late in the morning.

late As Adjective:

1. The school was built in the late 1970.
2. The concert was cancelled at a very late stage.
3. Some children are very late developers.
4. Interest will be charged for late payment.
5. They won the game with a late goal