Physics Practicals - For Class X (Science Group) - PRACTICAL 01: To measure the Length and Diameter of a solid cylinder with Vernier Calliper.

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PRACTICAL 01:

To measure the Length and Diameter of a solid cylinder with Vernier Calliper.

APPARATUS:

• Vernier Callipers
• Solid Cylinders

THEORY:
VERNIER CALLIPERS:
It consists of a pair of callipers in which one is fixed having a scale which is called main scale while other is moveable having a scale which is known as vernier scale and has 10 division. It can be measure accurately upto 0.01 cm.

LEAST COUNT:
Less possible length that can he measured by Vernier callipers is called its least count.

ZERO ERROR:
When two jaws of vernier callipers are in contact and zero of main scale does not coincide with the zero of the vernier scale, vernier callipers is said to have zero error. It is positive when zero of vernier is on the right of the main scale and negative when zero of the vernier is on the left of main scale.

FORMULA: (1 MARK)
Volume of cylinder = area of cross section x length

V = πr²l

METHOD:
First see that apparatus have zero error or not. Calculate least count of vernier callipers.

MEASUREMENT OF DIAMETER:

• Fix the cylinder diameter - wise between the two jaws of vernier calliper.
• Note main scale reading and vernier scale reading.
• Find fractional part by multiplying vernier scale reading and least count.
• Add main scale reading and fractional part to get total length. If zero error is present then correct the reading.
• Take three sets of readings.

MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH:

• Fix the cylinder length - wise between the two jaws of Vernier calliper.
• Take three sets of reading as taken for the diameter.

OBSERVATION:
Length of one main scale division = 1 mm = 0.1 cm
Total no. of vernier scale division = 10
Least count = Length of one M.S division / No. of V.S division
L.C. = 0.1 / 10
L.C. = 0.01 cm
Zero error = + --------- cm

LENGTH OF CYLINDER: (2 MARKS)

OBS	MAIN SCALE READING (M.S.R.) cm	VERNIER SCALE READING (V.S.R.) div	FRACTIONAL PART F.P. = V.S.R. x L.C cm	TOTAL LENGTH L =M.S.R. + F.P. cm	CORRECTED LENGTH +Z.E.
	3.2 cm	4 div	4 x 0.01 = 0.04 cm	3.2 + 0.04 = 3.24 cm
1.
2.
3.

DIAMETER OF CYLINDER: (2 MARKS)

OBS	MAIN SCALE READING (M.S.R.) cm	VERNIER SCALE READING (V.S.R.) div	FRACTIONAL PART F.P. = V.S.R. x L.C cm	TOTAL LENGTH L =M.S.R. + F.P. cm	CORRECTED DIAMETER D + Z.E.
1.
2.
3.

RESULT:
Length of the cylinder is ----------- cm
Diameter of the cylinder is -------- cm
Volume of the cylinder is ----------- cm³

FIGURE: (2 MARKS)

PRECAUTIONS:
Jaws must not be pressed very tightly.
Cylinder must not held firmly so that it does not move.

Special Thanks to Sir Sajjad Akber Chandio