Unit-4 - Media For Information And Reflection - Social Media - Text Book Exercise - Unit 4.2 - 4.6

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Unit-4 - Media For Information And Reflection
Social Media
Text Book Exercise - Unit 4.2 - 4.6
English For Class X (2022 and Onward

By Mrs. Ayesha Arif
(Jauhar Progressive School)

UNIT 4.2
ORAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT 4.3
LANGUAGE PRACTISE
Future Tense (Revision)

he future is indicated in different ways, using different verb forms. The following table shows some of the ways for indicating the future.

S.NO.	Usage	Examples
1.	When something is expected to happen, for predictions and promises	My friends will come at eight o'clock. I shall call her tomorrow. It will rain tonight. I will never smoke another cigarette.
2.	An action that will be in progress at a stated future time.	The class will be travelling to Gilgit on Friday. The baby will be receiving the first dose of vaccination this week.
3.	An action that will be finished before a certain future time.	By next year the child will have forgotten us. In five years I will have established my own business.
4.	To express a plan, intention, or expectation.	I am going to write a letter to the authorities. She is going to tell her mother the sad news. We are going to rebuild our house.
5.	Expressing future actions often resulting from a present plan or arrangement.	They are moving to Islamabad next month. Pakistan is playing its final match against Sri-Lanka on Sunday.
6.	Expresses future action based on facts or certain events.	My cousin leaves for the airport in ten minutes. I finish work at 2 pm today.
7.	An action in the future that will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future	I will be preparing supper when my husband comes back. They will be sleeping when their father returns.

EXERCISE 1

Do the following exercise by using the tenses mentioned for each section. Once you have completed, compare your answers with your partner and makes corrections where needed.
Will/Shall
1. They will come (come) here again next year.
2. I shall complain (complain) to the Principal sometimes next week.
3. They will do (do) business with us from next year.
4. This time tomorrow ,I shall be (be) very busy.
5. We shall be ( be ) in trouble for being late.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
1. I shall be appearing (appear) for my board exams this year.
2. We shall be going (go) out later in the evening.
3. He will be staying (stay) home the whole week.
4. They will be watching (watch) the cricket match tonight.
5. I shall be driving (drive) the car as our driver is ill.

FUTURE PERFECT
1. We shall have climbed (climb) the mountain by tomorrow afternoon.
2. He will have had (have) his tooth pulled out by the time we reach.
3. I shall have met (meet) the captain of the cricket team by six o’ clock.
4. His tailor will have stitched (stitch) his clothes by the time we get there.
5. By the time we finish they will have left (leave).

BE GOING TO
1. Tariq is going to deliver (deliver) the speech on behalf of the class.
2. We are going to cut (cut) this tree as it is about to fall.
3. I think they are going to get (get) admission in the best college.
4. The tree is going to shed (shed) its leave soon as it is autumn time.
5. I am going to join (go) join the new hockey club soon.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. We are taking (take) a trip to Tharparkar next Sunday.
2. I am cooking (cook) biryani for lunch today.
3. They are buying (buy) a new house soon.
4. He is inviting (invite) several people to his son’s wedding next month.
5. She is participating (participate) in the debate competition to be held by the school.

PRESENT SIMPLE
1. We start (start) this work tomorrow.
2. The train leaves (leave) in half an hour.
3. The ship sails (sail) for South Africa next week.
4. She begins (begin) her career in the Pakistani air force next year.
5. He returns (return) tomorrow after a week-long journey.

TWO FUTURE ACTIONS
1. It will be costing (cost) a lot more if we buy (buy)it next year.
2. He will be visiting (visit) us when he comes (come) to Karachi on his next visit.
3. We shall be waiting (wait) for you at the gate until you arrive (arrive).
4. The cat will be drinking (drink) the milk by the time you move (move) the bowl.
5. The programme will be ending (end) by the time they finish ( finish ) their food.

EXERCISE 2

Work in pairs. Complete the sentences using the correct future form of the given verbs:
1. Do you think people are travelling (travel) to the moon again.
2. Tomorrow we will be rehearsing (rehearse) a school play in the gym.
3. Dad will be waiting (wait) ) for you at the station when you arrive next.
4. By the end of this year, I am going to visit (visit) Brazil.
5. I shall make (make) a shelf for my technology project.
6. Look at that car! It will be crashed (crash) if the driver doesn’t slow down.
7. If I won't know the answer, I shall ask (ask) my elder sister.
8. We are going (go) on a picnic next weekend. Would you like to come?
9. Sara and Meena will have finished (finish) their IT project by tomorrow afternoon.
10. Raza will be taking (take) his goat for a walk when his mothre comes (come) back from work.

EXERCISE 3

Here is a conversation between a palmist and a customer. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the future tense. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
Customer: Can you tell me something about my future?
Palmist: 1 shall tell (tell) you if you show (show) me your palm.
Customer: Tell me about my education.
Palmist: Initially, you will study (study) till B.A. or B.Com . but later you will go (go) for higher education.
Customer: Where will I get my higher education ?
Palmist: Probably you will get (get) your first higher education in Pakistan.
Customer: How about travel?
Palmist: You will travel (travel) a lot throughout your life.
Customer: What about my earnings?
Palmist: You are going to be (be) a rich person. You will earn (earn) a lot of money. But all of this will depend (depend) on how hard you work and how well you treat (treat) your parents.
Customer: Can you tell me something about my health ?
Palmist: In the near future you will enjoy (enjoy) good health but later on you will be suffering (suffer) from an unknown disease. The good news is that you will find (find) a good doctor who will treat (treat) you well and will cure (cure) you completely.
Customer: Thank God for that ! Anything else?
Palmist: You will be (be) a highly successful person. Good luck to you.
Customer: Thank you.

EXERCISE 4

Work in groups of three and discuss the topic "As I see Pakistan in fifteen years' time". Each group will have to come and present their pints before the class.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE (REVISION)

The passive form is commonly used n textbooks, in scientific, technical, and business reports, and in newspapers.
In some cases, 'by' may be used to clarify who the does is; in other cases, the doer may just be implied. It is generally omitted when it is obvious who the 'doer' is.
Example: The house is being painted.

EXERCISE 5

Change the following passive voice into active voice. After completing, compare your answers with your partner and make corrections where needed.
1. The walls are being painted by them.
Active Voice: They are painting the walls.

2. The latest book of the writer is liked by the readers.
Active Voice: The readers like the latest book of the writer.

3. We had been given the wrong tickets.
Active Voice: Booking clerk had given us wrong tickets.

4. The thieves were caught.
Active Voice: The police (or someone ) caught the thief.

5. He had written these three books in 1873.
Active Voice: These three books had been written by him in 1873.

6. Why is time wasted by everyone?
Active Voice: Why do everyone waste time?

7. The new houses will be built by the new construction company.
Active Voice: The new construction company will built the new house.

8. The official documents have been sent by the officer.
Active Voice: The officer has sent the official documents.

9. They can be given some information about the job by Ramiz.
Active Voice: Ramiz can give them some information about the job.

10. A new road was being planned near my house by the government.
Active Voice: The government was planning a new road near my house.

EXERCISE 6

Change the following active voice into passive voice. After completing, compare your answer with your partner and make corrections where needed.
1. Students should study environmental problems at school.
Passive voice: Environmental problems should be studied at school by the students.

2. Teachers could include this topic in their classes.
Passive voice: This topic could be included by teachers in their classes.

3. Some people buy returnable bottles and use recycled paper.
Passive voice: Returnable bottles and use recycled paper are bought by some people.

4. Governments have constantly ignored important issue for economic reasons.
Passive voice: Important issue for economic reasons have constantly being ignored by Governments.

5. At school, teachers often tell students about pollution and its prevention.
Passive voice: At school, Students are often told about pollution and its prevention by the teachers.

6. In developed countries, authorities expect everybody to cooperate.
Passive voice: In developed countries , everybody is expected to cooperate by authorities.

7. Everyone should throw their bottles in the bottle recycling bins.
Passive voice: Their bottles should be thrown by everyone in the bottle recycling bins.

8. Parents must teach their children how to dispose the rubbish.
Passive voice: Their children must be taught by Parents how to dispose the rubbish.

9. Last year several nations held a meeting to discuss environmental problems.
Passive voice: Last year, a meeting was held by several nations to discuss environmental problems.

10. Organizations like Greenpeace are giving people leaflets about what to do.
Passive voice: People are being given leaflets about what to do by organizations like Green peace.

EXERCISE 7

Work in pairs and change the voice in the following two passages. After completing, compare your work with another pair. Make change in your work if needed.
A local jewelry shop was robbed yesterday by two men. When the shop had been locked up by the owner, a gun was held at his head by one of the robbers. He was told by the other to unlock the shop and handover the diamonds in the safe. A search has been organized for the robber by the police and it is hoped that he will be captured by them in a few days. The owner is being treated by the doctors at a local hospital. He has been badly affected by the incident. No one knows how soon the shop will be opened by him again.
ANSWER: Yesterday, two men robbed a local jewelry shop. When the owner had locked up the shop, one of the robbers held a gun at his head. The other told him to unlock the shop and handover the diamonds in the safe. The police has organized a search for the robber and they hope that they will capture him in a few days. The doctors are treating the owner at a local hospital. The incident has badly affected him, No one knows how soon he will open the shop again.

2 . Our school is organizing a contest. The student council members will organize the event. The school management will provide the administrative and financial support. Parents will also play a role in the activity. Students will prepare different projects about the environment. They will also be required to write articles related to the environment. The teachers will guide them in developing the projects. A team of experts will judge the work of the students. They will select two projects and two articles for award of prizes. Famous publishers have given a set of encyclopedias and some books to be given as prizes.
ANSWER: Contest is being organized by our school. The event will be organized by the student council members. The administrative and financial support will be provided by the school management. A role will also be played by the Parents in the activity. Different projects about the environment will be prepared by the students. Articles related to the environment will also be required to be written by them. They will be guided by the teachers in developing the projects. The work of the students will be judged by a team of experts. Two projects and two articles for award of prizes will be selected by them. A set of encyclopedias and some books have been given as prizes by famous publishers.

UNIT 4.4
WRITING
Cause And Effect Essay

"Cause and effect" is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others. This is a combination of action and reaction. Something happens (a cause) that leads to another thing (an effect).

Cause & Effects Transition Words

because, since, for, so, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, owing to, as a result of, as a consequence of, leads to, contributes to, for this reason, stems from, comes from, results from, is the result of, is the consequence of, is due to, is caused by, causes.

EXERCISE 1

Form sentences of cause, connector, and effect in the given table. An example has been done.

S.NO.	Cause	Connector	Effect
1.	We received seven inches of rain in four hours;	therefore,	the underpass was flooded.
Ans: We received seven inches of rain in four hours; therefore, the underpass was flooded.
2.	I never brush my teeth,	So	I have five cavities.
Ans:  I never brush my teeth, so I never brush my teeth,
3.	The streets were snow packed and icy	due to that	cars needed more time to stop.
Ans: The streets were snow packed and icy due to that cars needed more time to stop.
4.	His arm was broken;	hence,	the doctor put it in a cast.
Ans: His arm was broken; hence, the doctor put it in a cast.
5.	A football player violated the rules of the game;	consequently,	the referee called a penalty.
Ans: A football player violated the rules of the game; consequently, the referee called a penalty.

EXERCISE 2

Read the following sentences and write cause and effect in each column.

S.NO.	Sentence	What is the cause?	What is the effect?
1.	Your dog bit a child, therefore, he got a deep wound.	Your dog bit a child,	he got a deep wound.
2.	I skipped lunch today, so I am extremely hungry.	I skipped lunch today,	I am extremely hungry.
3.	I have difficulty trusting people because my best friend lied to me.	I have difficulty trusting people	my best friend lied to me.
4.	She forgot to water her plants, hence, they all died.	She forgot to water her plants,	they all died.
5.	The player has received a gold medal as he won the race.	The player has received a gold medal	he won the race.
6.	He did not study for the test; consequently , he failed it.	He did not study for the test;	he failed it.

EXERCISE 3