Unit-5 - Respecting Self And Others - A Bad Dream - Text Book Exercise - Unit 5.2 - 5.6

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Unit-5 - Respecting Self And Others
A Bad Dream
Text Book Exercise - Unit 5.2 - 5.6
English For Class X (2022 and Onward

By Mrs. Ayesha Arif
(Jauhar Progressive School)

UNIT 5.2
ORAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT 5.3
LANGUAGE PRACTISE
Revision of Number of Nouns

Nouns are either countable or uncountable. Those that are countable are either singular (one) or plural (more than one) in number.
Rules:

• Generally, the plural is formed by adding 's'.
  e.g.: chairs, days, flowers.
• Nouns ending in s, ch, sh, x usually take 'es'.
  e.g.: buses, churches, dishes, boxes.
• Nouns ending in 'y' change in two ways:
  * In nouns having a consonant before 'y', the 'y'  changes into 'ies'.
  e.g.: cherries, babies.
  * In nouns having a vowel before 'y' only 's' is added.
  e.g.: monkeys, keys.
• Nouns ending in 'o' can take 's' or 'es'.
  e.g.: radios. pianos, or mangoes, buffaloes.
• Nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe' change in two ways:
  * in some 'f' or fe' changes to 'ves':.
  e.g.: leaves, thieves, knives.
  * While some just take 's'.
  e.g.: beliefs, roofs, chiefs.
• Some are the same in singular and plural.
  e.g.: deer, sheep, hair.
• Some are used only in the plural.
  e.g.: police, scissors, scales, trousers, jeans, spectacles.
• In some cases, there is no fixed rule.
  e.g.: children, oxen, teeth, feet, men, women, mice.
• In most compound nouns 's' is added at the end.
  e.g.: check-ups, doorbells, stepfathers.
• In some compound nouns the 's' is added to the first part.
  e.g: brothers-in-law.

EXERCISE 1

Form plurals of the following singular nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.

S.NO.	Singular Noun	Plural Noun
1.	Story	Stories
2.	Hair	Hairs / Hair
3.	Child	Children
4.	Leaf	Leaves
5.	Son in Law	Sons in law
6.	Tooth	Teeth
7.	Woman	Women
8.	Thief	Thieves
9.	Port folio	Port folios
10.	Studio	studios
11.	Secretary of state	Sectaries of state
12.	News	News
13.	Hoof	Hoofs
14.	Theory	Theories
15.	Trousers	Trousers
16.	Hair	Hairs / Hair
17.	Essay	Essays
18.	Valley	Valleys
19.	Tooth	Teeth
20	Chimney	Chimneys

EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with appropriate plural forms of the given nouns. After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
1. I saw three big oxen (ox) near the cliffs (cliff).
2. There were many police (police) near those houses (house).
3. Please buy some potatoes (potato) and tomatoes (tomato).
4. Farmer Abdul Raheem has three sheep (sheep) and four deer (deer) on his farm.
5. Mrs. Jahanzaib had to go for check-ups (check up) every week.
6. Raja is more than six feet (foot) tall, but he is afraid of mice (mouse).
7. The little calves (calf) lost their mothers (mother).
8. There are three banks (bank)in the four cities (city) close to my village.
9. We need more knives (knife) and forks (fork).
10. My sister has lost three of her teeth (tooth).

EXERCISE 3

Work in pairs. Write down the plural of the given nouns. Then, form sentences using both the singular and plural nouns in your own sentences. An example is given below.
Example:

• Radio: My grandfather has one very old radio.
• Radios: There are several types of radios in this shop.

S.NO.	Word	Sentence
1.	Leaf	The teacher brought a long leaf for the practical.
	Leaves	The trees shed their leaves in autumn season.
2.	Dish	He told his mother to pass the dish of mutton.
	Dishes	The girl was washing the dishes in the kitchen.
3.	Father in law	His father in law is a doctor.
	Fathers in law	The grooms ususally do not their fathers in law just like.
4.	Train	The train left the station on exact time.
	Trains	Several trains were late due to the accident on railway track.
5.	Boy	The boy is learning to operate computer.
	Boys	Boys are always interested in vehicles.
6.	Witch	The witch casts her spell on the girl.
	Witches	There are three witches in the novel Macbeth.
7.	Thief	The thief stole her precious jewellery.
	Thieves	The thieves stole everything from the jewellery shop.
8.	Donkey	The farmer had a lazy donkey.
	Donkeys	Donkeys are often called beasts of burdens.
9.	Hair	The baby had a nice hair cut.
	hairs	The girls keep their hairs clean.
10.	Child	The nurse took the child to the nursery.
	Children	The children are playing happily in the ground.

Modal Verbs (request and advice)

Modal Verbs for Formal and Informal Requests
Formal Request
May, Would, and Could are used in formal, polite requests.

• May I borrow your pen, please?
• Could you help me for a minute, please?
• Would you explain that again, please? I didn't understand?

Informal Request
Will and can are used in informal, casual requests.

• Will you please answer the phone? I'm working.
• Can you hold my books for me? My hands are full.

EXERCISE 4

Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into requests by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the requests sentences in your note book.
1. Shut the door, as it is windy today.
Would you please Shut the door, as it is windy today.

2. Send me an email and I'll follow it up.
Would you please Send me an email and I'll follow it up.

3. Help me finish this assignment.
Will you please Help me finish this assignment.

4. Pass the salt and pepper.
Can you please Pass the salt and pepper.

5. Repeat what you just said.
Could you please Repeat what you just said.

6. Help me find my leather jacket.
Can you please Help me find my leather jacket.

7. Clear the table so that I can put my computer there.
Will you please Clear the table so that I can put my computer there.

8. Show me how to do fix this problem.
Could you please Show me how to do fix this problem.

9. Help her in whatever way you can.
Would you please Help her in whatever way you can.

10. Move this chair in the corner.
Could you please Move this chair in the corner.

Advice

The modal verbs for advice are should, ought to, and had better. These can be used in positive and negative sentences.
For example:

Positive Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence
You should study harder to get better results.	You shouldn't call her while she is busy with chores.	I have a problem. Should I call my parents or my friend?
You ought to wear a warm jacket, it's really cold outside.	("ought to" is not usually used in the negative form)	("ought to" is not common in question form)
You had better slow down. You are driving too fast!	You had better not forget to finish your) homework.	("had better is not usually used in question form)

The phrase "had better" is a bit stronger. It includes the idea of a warning: something terrible will happen if you do not follow my advice.

EXERCISE 5

Work in pairs. Orally discuss and change the following statements into advice by using modal verbs. After discussing, write the advice sentences in your notebooks.
1. Listen to your mother.
Ans: You should listen to your mother.

2. Give good reason for your absence.
Ans: You ought to give good reason for your absence.

3. Break traffic rules.
Ans: You had better not Break traffic rules.

4. Fulfill the promise you made to your mother.
Ans: You should fulfill the promise you made to your mother.

5. Finish your task on time or you'll be in trouble.
Ans: You had better Finish your task on time or you'll be in trouble.

6. Discuss this matter on the dinner table.
Ans: You should Discuss this matter on the dinner table.

7. Remain seated until the seatbelt sign is turned off.
Ans: You ought to Remain seated until the seat belt sign is turned off.

8. Complete these chores by tomorrow.
Ans: You should complete these chores by tomorrow.

9. Talk when others are speaking.
Ans: You had better not Talk when others are speaking.

10. Follow the instructions carefully.
Ans: You ought to Follow the instructions carefully.

EXERCISE 6

Write requests or advice for the following situations.
a) You need a pen, and your sister has one.
Ans: May I take your pen please?

b) You are spending too much money on buying unnecessary clothes.
Ans: You had better not spend money on buying unnecessary clothes.

c) Your friend is leading an unhealthy lifestyle.
Ans: You should take care of your health.

d) You want a half-day leave from your Principal as there is an emergency in your family.
Ans: would you please grant me half day leave as I have an urgent piece of work at my home?

e) Your brother is going to the stadium to watch a cricket match and you want to go with him.
Ans: Can I go with you to the stadium to watch the cricket match?

f) My friend was telling me a secret about her family.
Ans: You should not tell me a secret about your family.

g) What does your mother say if you spend too much time playing games rather than studying?
Ans: You had better to give time to your study rather playing games.

h) The phone rings while you are cooking in the kitchen. Your father is near the telephone.
Ans: Can you please attend the call Dad?

i) It's hot, and you are thirsty.
Ans: Could you please give me a glass of water, I am so thirsty?

j) You're studying for an exam, but your brother listens to loud music.
Ans: Can you please turn the music down brother, I am studying?