Biology For Class X - Chapter No. 4 - Support And Movement - Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks By Sir Saeed Sarang

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CHAPTER 4: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks

Special Thanks To Sir Saeed Sarang (Sindh Text Book Board)
Contact # 03023006727
Youtube Channel # Shafquat Ali YouTube

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer:

i) Irritation caused by stimulus is the main cause of:
(a) Tropism
(b) Movement ✓
(c) Locomotion
(d) Arthritis

ii) The frame work which gives shape to any structure called:
(a) Architecture
(b) Bone
(c) Cartilage
(d) Skeleton ✓

iii) The cartilage are made up of cells called:
(a) Osteoclast
(b) Osteocytis
(c) Chondrocytes ✓
(d) Chaonocytes

iv) The head of femur attached with:
(a) Pelvic girdles
(b) Pectoral girdle
(c) Scapula
(d) Acetabulum of pelvic gridles ✓

v) The large muscles of arm is:
 (a) Bicep
(b) Tricep ✓
(c) Tetracep
(d) Pentacep
(Note: although both are large but tricep is largest because it is three headed. further confirm to your class teacher)

vi) The band of tough, fibrous, connective tissue which are attached to bone at joints called:
(a) Ligament ✓
(b) Tendon
(c) Bicep
(d) Tricep

vii) Softening and weakening of bone in children due to deficiency of vitamin D called:
(a)Osteoporosis
(b) Osteoarthritis
(c) Rickets ✓
(d) Rheumatic fever

viii) The muscle which is responsible to straighten the limb is:
(a) Ligament
(b) Skeleton muscle
(c) Flexor
(d) Extensor ✓

ix) The pair of muscle where both work in opposite direction.
(a) Antagonist ✓
(b) Cardiac
(c) Smooth
(d) Abductor

MORE MCQs FROM CHAPTER

10. The living material of the cells of an organism is:
(a) protoplasm ✓
(b) cytoplasm
(c) DNA
(d) RNA

11. The living organism take some action to reduce its irritation, these actions are called:
(a) stimulus
(b) locomotion
(c) movement ✓
(d) tropism

12. The change in the environment takes place due to some factors which are called:
(a) stimulus ✓
(b) locomotion
(c) Smooth
(d) Abductor

13. It is due to internal stimuli.
(a) Autonomic movement
(b) Spontaneous movement
(c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✓
(d) None of these

14. Reflex action is an example of:
(a) Autonomic movement
(b) Paratonic or induced movement ✓
(c) Spontaneous movement
(d) Both 'a' & 'c'

15. In this type of movement, an organism changes its place either towards or away from a stimulus:
(a) Locomotory movement
(b) Taxis movement
(c) Tactic movement
(d) All of these ✓

16. Growth of root towards water and mineral and growth of stem toward light are examples of:
(a) Tactic Movement
(b) Nastic Movement
(c) Trophic Movement ✓
(d) Taxis Movement

17. In this type of movement where change in osmotic water occurs due to stimuli:

(a) Tactic Movement
(b) Nastic Movement ✓
(c) Trophic Movement
(d) Taxis Movement

18. Jellyfish have:
(a) hydrostatic skeleton ✓
(b) exoskeleton
(c) endoskeleton
(d) None of these

19. It is a non-living skeleton deposit outside the body or organ.
(a) Hydrostatic Skeleton
(b) Exoskeleton ✓
(c) Endoskeleton
(d) None of these

20. Skeleton develops inside the body is called:
(a) Hydrostatic Skeleton
(b) Exoskeleton
(c) Endoskeleton ✓
(d) None of these

21. Bone dissolving cells are called:
(a) chaonocytes
(b) osteoblast
(c) osteocyte
(d) osteoclast ✓

22. Bone remodeling is the result of coordinated activity of:
(a) osteoclast and osteoblast ✓
(b) osteoclast and osteocyte
(c) osteoclast and choanocytes
(d) osteoblast and osteocyte

23. In humans, there are:
(a) 203 bones
(b) 206 bones ✓
(c) 209 bones
(d) 213 bones

24. Human skull has:
(a) 22 bones ✓
(b) 26 bones
(c) 27 bones
(d) 29 bones

25. In human vertebral column, there are:
(a) 21 vertebrae
(b) 23 vertebrae
(c) 24 vertebrae
(d) 26 vertebrae ✓

26. Scapula and clavicle bones are found in:
(a) pectoral girdle ✓
(b) pelvic girdle
(c) hind limb
(d) forelimb

27. Knee joint is an example of:
(a) gliding Joint
(b) pivot joint
(c) ball & socket joint
(d) hinge joint ✓

28. Which one of the following is the example of a ball & socket joint?
(a) Elbow joint
(b) Wrist joint
(c) Hip Joint ✓
(d) vertebrae

29. The band of fibrous connective tissues by which bones are joined to one another at joints called:
(a) ligament ✓
(b) tendon
(c) bicep
(d) tricep

30. This joint allows movements in one plane only.
(a) Gliding joint
(b) Pivot joint
(c) Ball & socket joint
(d) Hinge joint ✓

31. The ball of humerus fit into the socket of:
(a) pelvic girdles
(b) pectoral girdle ✓
(c) acetabulum of pelvic girdles
(d) None of these

32. The vertebrate possess:
(a) five kinds of muscles
(b) four kinds of muscles
(c) three kinds of muscles ✓
(d) two kinds of muscles

33. Bones move due to the contraction and relaxation of:
(a) skeletal muscles ✓
(b) cardiac muscles
(c) smooth muscles
(d) All of these

34. These muscles are found in blood vessels, the digestive tract and many other Internal organs:
(a) Skeletal muscles
(b) Cardiac muscles
(c) Smooth muscles ✓
(d) All of these

35. The action of biceps and triceps muscles of the arm is a good example of a/an:
(a) smooth muscles
(b) sino auricular node
(c) cardiac muscles
(d) Antagonistic pair ✓

36. Biceps is the:
(a) extensor muscle
(b) flexor muscle ✓
(c) ligament
(d) tendons

37. The hardening of bones occurs due to deposition of:
(a) calcium phosphate ✓
(c) calcium carbonate
(c) calcium bicarbonate
(d) calcium

38. Calcification is the process of the:
(a) softening and weakening of bones
(b) swelling and tenderness of joint
(c) restricted movement of joint
(d) the hardening of bones ✓

39. It is a disorder related to the ageing process.
(a) Osteoporosis ✓
(b) Osteoarthritis
(c) Rickets
(d) Arthritis

40. In this condition the bones become porous or more spongy, thinner and weaker.
(a) Arthritis
(b) Rickets
(c) Osteoporosis ✓
(d) Osteoarthritis

41. Deficiency of this leads to deficiency of Ca in bones.
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D ✓

42. It is the painful condition of joints due to swelling and tenderness of joints.
(a) Osteoporosis
(b) Osteoarthritis
(c) Rickets
(d) Arthritis ✓

43. In this disorder immune system attacks on Joints:
(a) Osteoarthritis
(b) Rheumatoid Arthritis ✓
(c) Psoriatic Arthritis
(d) Rickets

44. In this disorder joints and skin affects.
(a) Osteoarthritis
(b) Rheumatoid Arthritis
(c) Psoriatic Arthritis ✓
(d) Rickets

45) The cells of an organism have a living material _______, whose sensitive nature possess special property called irritability.
a) Protoplasm ✓
b) Cytoplasm
c) Ectoplasm
d) Endoplam

46) Cramps, which is caused due to involuntarily release of Ca⁺⁺ ions, is an example of:
a) Autonomic or spontaneous movement ✓
b) Paratonic or induced movement
c) Trophic Movement
d) Tactic Movement

47) Type of growth movement, organism move toward or away by growing their organs is called:
a) Autonomic or spontaneous movement
b) Nastic Movement
c) Trophic Movement ✓
d) Tactic Movement

48) This type of movement usually found in plants, fungi or in bacterial colony.
a) Autonomic or spontaneous movement
b) Nastic Movement
c) Trophic Movement ✓
d) Tactic Movement

49) This type of movement usually found in animals, bacteria and protozoa:
a) Autonomic or spontaneous movement
b) Nastic Movement
c) Trophic Movement
d) Locomotory Movement or Taxis or Tactic Movement ✓

50) The movement found in touch me not plant, which close leave when touch, is an example of:
a) Autonomic or spontaneous movement
b) Nastic Movement ✓
c) Trophic Movement
d) Tactic Movement

51) Skeleton made up of fluid and it is the simplest type of skeleton.
a) Hydrostatic Skeleton ✓
b) Exoskeleton
c) Endoskeleton
d) None of These

52) This skeleton found in soft bodied animal, example are Jelly fish, Earthworm.
a) Hydrostatic Skeleton ✓
b) Exoskeleton
c) Endoskeleton
d) None of These

53) This type of skeleton found in Arthropod, Mollusca and higher animals.
a) Hydrostatic Skeleton
b) Exoskeleton ✓
c) Endoskeleton
d) None of These

54) This type of skeleton develop inside the body and ·found in high animals.
a) Hydrostatic Skeleton
b) Exoskeleton ✓
c) Endoskeleton
d) None of These

55) ______ of our bones dissolve away annually and are replaced by a new one this process is called remodeling.
a) 1% to 5%
b) 5% to 10% ✓
c) 10% to 15%
d) 15% to 20%

56) Remodelling of bone healing occur during ____ week.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6 ✓
d) 8

57) Elbow, knee and phalanges are examples of:
a) Hinge joint ✓
b) Ball and socket
c) Gliding joint
d) Sliding joint

58) Hip joint and shoulder joint, are examples of:
a) Hinge joint
b) Ball and socket ✓
c) Gliding joint
d) Sliding joint

59) Vertebrae are examples of:
a) Hinge joint
b) Ball and socket
c) Gliding joint ✓
d) Sliding joint

60) Wrist joint is an examples of:
a) Hinge joint
b) Ball and socket
c) Gliding joint
d) Sliding joint ✓

61) Elbow joint is an examples of:
a) Pivot joint ✓
b) Ball and socket
c) Gliding joint
d) Sliding joint

62) They are involuntary in nature, work under the control of SAN (Sino auricular node).
a) Skeletal muscles
b) Cardiac muscles ✓
c) Smooth muscles
d) All the above

63) It is a “wear and tear”, and causes due to overuse of joints, age, joint injury, obesity, or joints that bear weight, like knees, hips, feet and spine.
a) Osteoarthritis ✓
b) Rheumatoid Arthritis
c) Psoriatic Arthritis
d) None of these

64) It is due to immune system i.e. autoimmune disorder (immune system attacks on joints.)
a) Osteoarthritis
b) Rheumatoid Arthritis ✓
c) Psoriatic Arthritis
d) None of these

65) In this disorder joints and skin affects.
a) Osteoarthritis
b) Rheumatoid Arthritis
c) Psoriatic Arthritis ✓
d) None of these

Fill In The Blanks:
1. Movement is the action taken by living organism to reduce its irritation.
2. Locomotory movement require skeletal system, Muscular system.
3. Osteoporosis is more common in female than male.
4. Skeleton provides support to the body, especially limbs. i.e. Hind Limbs and pelvic girdle.
5. Cartilages also support larynx, trachea and bronchi of respiratory system.
6. There are three types of cells associated with bones i.e. bones forming cells (osteoblast), mature bone cell (osteocyte) and bone dissolving cells (osteoclast).
7. In humans 206 bones are present which can be categorized into two groups.
8. The junction of two bones is called a joint.
9. There are two types of joints.
10. Immovable or fixed joint are those joint where bones are fixed like puzzle pieces.
11. Hinge Joints (e.g knee joint) allow movement in one plane only.
12. Ball and socket allow movement in many plans.
13. The strong connective tissue in the ligaments protects these structures and prevents them from bending twisting or tearing.
14. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones on either side of the joint by bands of tough, fibrous connective tissues called tendons.
15. The type of working of two muscles against each other called antagonism.
16. The pair of skeletal muscles which work against each other called an antagonistic pair.
17. The action of biceps and triceps muscles of arm is a good example of an antagonistic pair.
18. When the biceps muscle contracts it pulls upon the radius bone of lower arm, which bend the arm at elbow, this bending process is called flexon.
19. When triceps muscle contracts it pull on the ulna which straightens or extends the arm. The straighten process is called extension.
20. In arm the biceps is the flexor muscle and tricep is the extensor muscle.
21. A long term calcium deficiency can lead to dental weakness, osteoporosis, in childhood rickets.
21. Osteoporosis is a disorder related to the aging process.
22. Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
23. Arthritis is the painful condition of joints due to swelling and tenderness of joint.
24. Obesity puts stress on joints, especially on knee, causing pain and develop worse condition in arthritis damage.
25. The change in environment takes place due to some factors these factors are called stimulus (stimuli: p).
26. Movement is a broad term where organism response to stimuli in any way.
27. Locomotion is one of the type of movement where organism change its place takes place either towards stimuli or away from stimuli.
28. Bone is made up of cell called osteocytes embedded in a matrix of protein called collagen.
29. Bone is harder due to the deposition of calcium phosphate, process is called calcification.
30. The axial skeleton forms the main axis of the human body, includes the bone of the head, vertebral column and rib cage .
31. The head (skull) have 22 bones.
32. Vertebral column has 26 vertebrae.
33. Rib cage has ribs 12 pairs and sternum 1 bone.
34. The appendicular Skeleton forms the appendages (Limbs) and their attachment to the axial skeleton includes girdles.
35. Shoulder bones are called Pectoral girdle.
36. Hip bones are known as pelvis girdles.
37. Pectoral girdle is consist of two bones i.e. scapula and clavicle.
38. The forelimb consists of humerus, radius and ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges.
39. Carpal has 8 appendages, metacarpal has 5 appendages, and phalanges has 14 appendages.
40. Pelvic girdle consist of three bones ileum, ischium and pubis.
41. Hind limb consists of femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
42. Tarsals has 7 appendages, metatarsals has 5 appendages and phalanges has 14 appendages.
43. The ball (head) of humerus fts into the socket of pectoral girdle.
44. The band of fibrous connective tissues by which bones are joined to one another at joints called ligament.
45. The bicep muscle has two heads or origin.
46. The tricep is three headed or origin.

Biology For Class X - Chapter No. 3 - Coordination And Control - Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks By Sir Saeed Sarang

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CHAPTER 3: COORDINATION AND CONTROL

Multiple Choice Questions And Fill In The Blanks

TEXT BOOK EXERCISE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct answer:
i) The activity in relation to changes in environment is:
(a) Stimulus
(b) Response ✓
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of these

ii) Stimulus is detected by:
(a) Receptor ✓
(b) Effector
(c) Nerve
(d) All of these

iii) The type of coordination through electrochemical signals is:
(a) Nervous ✓
(b) Chemical
(c) Mechanical
(d) All of these

iv) The chemicals released from one cell and carried to signal some distant cell through blood are:
(a) Neurotransmitters
(b) Enzymes
(c) Hormones ✓
(d) all of these

v) The type of coordination exhibited by Plants:
(a) Nervous coordination
(b) Chemical coordination ✓
(c) Mechanical coordination
(d) Both a & b

vi) The part of brain involved in reasoning is:
(a) Fore brain
(b) Cerebrum
(c) Cortex
(d) Frontal lobe✓

vii) The part of brain involved in balance and precision in movements is:
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum ✓
(c) Thalamus
(d) Medulla oblongata

viii) Vital functions for survival of animals are regulated by:
(a) CNS
(b) PNS
(c) somatic sub-division
(d) Autonomic sub-division ✓
(Note: The answer PNS is also correct because Autonomic nervous system is sub division of peripheral nervous system.)

ix) The shortest path of reflex action consists of:
(a) 1 neuron
(b) 2 neurons ✓
(c) 3 neurons
(d) many neurons

x) The type of lens in our eye is:
(a) Convex ✓
(b) concave
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of these

xi) The automatic process of altering focus to get sharper image of near object is:
(a) Vision
(b) Accommodation ✓
(c) Focus
(d) All of these

xii) The vitamin necessary for proper vision is:
(a) Vitamin A ✓
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D

xiii) A colour blind person cannot see:
(a) Anything
(b) Red ✓
(c) White
(d) Black

xiv) The book “Kitab-ul-manazir” was written by:
(a) Jabir bin Hayan
(b) Ibn-al-Haitham ✓
(c) Ali Ibn-Isa
(d) Bu-Ali Sina

xv) Sensory hair-cells are present in:
(a) Retina
(b) Cochlea ✓
(c) Skin
(d) Nose

xvi) The gonads are the target organ for:
(a) FSH
(b) LH
(c) Both a & b ✓
(d) None of these

More MCQs

17. It is exhibited by organs like muscles, glands which are termed effectors.
a) Stimulus
b) Receptors
c) Response ✓
d) Hormones

18. Chemical coordination takes place by releasing specific, signalling molecules as:
a) neurotransmitters
b) enzymes
c) receptors
d) hormones ✓

19. Upon stimulation, they generate electrochemical signals:
a) Neurons ✓
b) Neurotransmitters
c) Nerves
d) Glands

20. In sunflower plants, tuning towards the direction of the sun is believed be caused by:
a) enzymes
b) auxins ✓
c) modulator
d) receptors

21. Which statement is NOT correct for nervous coordination?
a) Rapid in action
b) Respons in shorter duration
c) Related to all organisms ✓
d) involves neurotransmitters

22. Which statement is correct for chemical coordination?
a) Involves other signalling molecules such as hormones ✓
b) Activity of neurons
c) Advance type of coordination
d) signal type in electrochemical

23. It is wrapped in three protective membranes called meninges:
a) Kidneys
b) Lungs
c) Heart
d) brains ✓

24. It is the largest part of the brain:
a) Cerebrum ✓
b) Thalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla oblongata

25. Cortex can be divided into:
a) two lobes
b) three lobes
c) four lobes ✓
d) five lobes

26. The following lobe of the cortex is associated with thoughts, emotions etc.:
a) Frontal lobe ✓
b) Parietal lobe
c) Temporal lobe
d) Occipital lobe

27. The following lobe of the cortex is associated with different sensation like pressure, temperature, language processing etc.:
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe ✓
c) Temporal lobe
d) Occipital lobe

28. Temporal lobe is associated with:
a) thoughts & emotions
b) language processing
c) vision
d) hearing and speech ✓

29. This lobe of the cortex associated with vision:
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Temporal lobe
d) Occipital lobe ✓

30. It lies inside the brain just above the hypothalamus:
a) Thalamus ✓
b) Midbrain
c) Hippocampus
d) Amygdala

31. It regulates life maintaining functions like blood pressure, body temperature, hunger, thirst, etc.
a) Thalamus
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus ✓
d) Amygdala

32. It plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body:
a) Thalamus
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus ✓
d) Amygdala

33. It is related to long-term memory:
a) Thalamus
b) Hippocampus ✓
c) Hypothalamus
d) Amygdala

34. It is the control center for automatic activities like breathing, heart-beat, blood pressure, coughing, swallowing, hiccupping digesting food, etc.:
a) Cerebrum
b) Thalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla oblongata ✓

35. It helps in controlling the facial muscles as well as helps in sleep and wakening:
a) Pons ✓
b) Thalamus
c) Hippocampus
d) Medulla oblongata

36. The cells of the nervous system are termed as:
a) axons
b) auxins
c) neurons ✓
d) grey matter

37. Automatic, pre-programmed responses are regulated by:
a) CNS ✓
b) PNS
c) Somatic sub division
d) Autonomic sub division

38. An eye collects light reflected from any object in front and diverts it to a layers of sensory cells called:
a) sclera
b) retina ✓
c) pupil
d) cornea

39. A tough outer white part of an eye is called:
a) cornea
b) pupil
c) retina
d) sclera ✓

40. In front, the sclera becomes transparent termed as:
a) cornea ✓
b) pupil
c) retina
d) sclera

41. Behind the lens, there is a main cavity of the eyeball filled with a clear gel:
a) ciliary body
b) meninges
c) vitreous humor ✓
d) gray matter

42. The innermost layer of the eye is:
a) sclera
b) retina ✓
c) pupil
d) cornea

43. It refers to the difficulty in focusing on a distant object while the near objects are focused normally:
a) Short-sightedness ✓
b) Long-sightedness
c) hyperopia
d) Both B & C

44. It is the difficulty in focusing closer objects while distant vision is clear:
a) short-sightedness
b) Myopia
c) Hyperopia ✓
d) Both B & C

45. He was considered as “father of modern optics”:
a) Ibn-al-Haitham ✓
b) Ali lbn-Isa
c) Bu Ali Sina
d) None of these

46. He was one of the most important Muslim ophthalmologists of medieval times.
a) Jabir bin Hayan
b) Ali Ibn Isa
c) Bu Ali Sina ✓
d) None of these

47. The book Memorandum of te oculists was written by:
a) Jabir bin Hayan
b) Ibn-al-Haitham
c) Ali Ibn Isa ✓
d) Bu Ali Sina

48. It consists of a small cavity containing three small moveable bones:
a) The outer ear
b) The middl ear ✓
c) The inner ear
d) The pinna

49. It is associated with hearing:
a) Semicircular
b) Eustachian tube
c) Ear canal
d) The cochlea ✓

50. Semicircular canals are associated with:
a) balance ✓
b) hearing
c) smell
d) vision

51. It is An important means of chemical Coordination:
a) Central nervous system
b) Peripheral nervous system
c) endocrine System ✓
d) All of these

52. This gland is located in the brain.
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Gonad
d) Pituitary gland ✓

53. It maintains the blood pressure, blood volume and tissue waters.
a) Oxytocin
b) ADH ✓
c) thyroxine
d) calcitonin

54. It stimulates greater contraction of smooth muscles as well as social behaviour.
a) Oxytocin ✓
b) ADH
c) thyroxine
d) calcitonin

55. It is a butterfly-shaped gland located on the trachea in the base of the neck.
a) Thyroid gland ✓
b) Adrenal gland
c) Gonad
d) Pituitary gland

56. It has iodine as its important constituent.
a) Oxytocin
b) ADH
c) Thyroxine ✓
d) calcitonin

57. In case of its deficiency, physical and mental retardation occur in children.
a) Oxygen
b) Iodine ✓
c) Vitamin A
d) vitamin E

58. It is both exocrine as well as endocrine gland in nature.
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pancreas ✓
d) Pituitary gland

59. It increases low glucose level up to normal.
a) Oxytocin
b) Thyroxine
c) Insulin
d) Glucagon ✓

60. The regulation of blood glucose through insulin and glucagon is a type of:
a) negative feedback ✓
b) positive feedback
c) stimulus
d) effector

61. In diabetes mellitus, the following produces insufficient or no insulin.
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pancreas ✓
d) Pituitary gland

62. This gland is located on the top of each kidney:
a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland ✓
c) Pancreas
d) Pituitary gland

63. It secretes several steroids (lipids) for the regulation of body metabolism.
a) Adrenal Cortex ✓
b) Adrenal Medulla
c) Thyroid gland
d) Gonad

64. This hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to illness of inflammation of any tissue.
a) Estrogens
b) Glucagon
c) Oxytocin
d) Cortisol ✓

65. It responds to emergency conditions to produce so called “fight or flight response”.
a) Adrenal Cortex
b) Adrenal Medulla ✓
c) Thyroid gland
d) Gonad

66. Adrenal medulla secretes this emergency hormone resulting in an increase in blood glucose level by breaking down glycogen.
a) Cortisol
b) Glucagon
c) Adrenaline ✓
d) Progesterone.

Fill In The Blanks:
1. The changes or stimuli are detected by special cells or organs termed as RECEPTORS.
2. The activity or response performed after analyzing stimulus is exhibited by organs like muscles, glands which are termed as effectors.
3. There are two types of coordination: 1) Chemical Coordination, 2) Nervous Coordination
4. The neurons upon stimulation generate electrochemical signal.
5. Lower organisms and plants have chemical coordination through signalling molecules.
6. Human nervous system like other vertebrates is “centralized-type nervous system”.
7. Brain is the major command and control center of our body.
8. Human brain consists of following important parts: Cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata.
9. Spinal cord is a butterfly-shaped, thick, whitish, long tube like structure which arises from medulla oblongata and extends down through the vertebral column.
10. Peripheral Nervous System consists of cables or Nerves which arise from the central nervous system and connect it to different organs of the body.
11. The cells of the nervous system are termed as neurons.
12. Each neuron is specialized to generate and conduct neuronal signal or nerve impulse.
13. The pathway of a reflex action is termed as reflex arc.
14. Human body can detect number of stimuli like light, sound, gravity, damage to the tissues, etc, through its various receptors.
15. Accommodation is an automatic process of altering focus to get sharper image of the near objects.
16. Vitamin A or retinal is required for proper vision.
17. Short-sightedness (myopia) refers to the difficulty in focusing distant object while the near objects are focused normally.
18. Long- sightedness (Hyperopia) is the difficulty in focusing closer objects.
19. Colour blindness is a deficiency of vision in which one cannot distinguish certain colors such as blue and yellow or red and green.
20. Ear is an organ of hearing and balance.
21. Endocrine system consists of ductless glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood.
22. Pituitary gland located in brain secretes number of hormones which influence upon other endocrine glands also besides other organs.
23. Thyroid gland, a butterfly shaped gland located on trachea in the base of neck secretes thyroxine and calcitonin.
24. Pancreas consists of patches of cells called “Islet's of Langerhans” which are involved in regulating glucose metabolism through their hormones insulin and glucagon.
25. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which pancreas produces insufficient or no insulin.
26. Testes secrete testosterone which is responsible for the development of secondary characteristics in boys.
27. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary characteristics in girls, etc.
28. Progesterone maintains and prepares uterus for pregnancy.
29. Hormone secretion is regulated through feed-back control so that they are secreted whenever required.
30. Paralysis is partial or complete loss of controlled movement caused by the inability to contract one or more muscles.
31. Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which there is temporary alteration in one or more function or recurrent seizures.

Computer Science Paper II (Option I and II) - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 2 (Science General Group)

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Computer Science -Paper II
(Option I and II)
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
For HSC Part 2 - Science Group
For Failure, Improvements, Additional Subjects...

Economics Paper II (Eng and Ur) - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 2 (Science General Group)

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Economics -Paper II
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
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Statistics Paper II (Urdu) - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 2 (Science General Group) - For Failure, Improvements, Additional Subjects...

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Statistics -Paper II
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
For HSC Part 2 - Science Group
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Statistics Paper II - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 2 (Science General Group) - For Failure, Improvements, Additional Subjects...

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Statistics -Paper II
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
For HSC Part 2 - Science Group
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Computer Science Paper I - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 1 (Science General Group)

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Computer Science -Paper I
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
For HSC Part 1 - (Science General Group)

STATISTICS Paper I (Urdu) - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 1 (Science General Group)

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Statistics -Paper I (Ur)
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
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STATISTICS Paper I - Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only) - For HSC Part 1 (Science General Group)

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Statistics -Paper I
Past Paper 2021 (MCQs Only)
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Biology For Class X - Chapter No. 3 - Coordination And Control - Notes By FAW Group Of Education

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CHAPTER 3: COORDINATION AND CONTROL

Notes By FAW Group Of Education