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CHAPTER 4
CELLS AND TISSUES
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Encircle the correct answer:(i) What is responsible for the high resolution of the electron microscope?
(a) High magnification
(b) Short wavelength of the electron beam ✓
(c) Use of heavy metals strains
(d) Very thin section
(ii) What is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) Aerobic respiration
(b) Intracellular digestion
(c) Synthesis of steroids
(d) Synthesis of protein ✓
(iii) Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is correct?
(a) The less unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature. ✓
(b) The more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature.
(c) Higher the temperature, less fluid nature.
(d) The lower the temperature, more fluid nature
(iv) Which process allow movement in and out of cell
I. Osmosis
II. Diffusion
III. Active transport
(a) I only
(b) I and II only
(c) II and III only
(d) I, II and III ✓
(v) All are postulates of cell theory except
(a) New cell is derived from pre-existing cells.
(b) Cell does not contain the hereditary material. ✓
(c) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
(d) Cell is the fundamental unit of life
(vi) Secondary wall is made up of
(a) Pectin and cellulose
(b) Cellulose and protein
(c) Cellulose and lignin ✓
(d) Lignin and pectin
(vii) Select the odd one
(a) Active transport ✓
(b) Diffusion
(c) Facilitated diffusion
(d) Osmosis
(viii) Trace the correct pathway of protein produce from protein factories
(a) RER → Ribosome → Golgi body → Lysosome
(b) Ribosomes → RER → Golgi body → Lysosome ✓
(c) Golgi body → RER → Ribosome → Lysosome
(d) RER → Ribosome → Lysosome → Golgi body
(ix) Cell organelle found in animal cell and help intracellular digestion
(a) Lysosome ✓
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
(x) Select the mismatched
(a) Plastids → Storage of chemicals
(b) Centriole → Help in cell division
(c) Ribosomes → Synthesis of steroids ✓
(d) Mitochondria → Synthesis of ATP
11. ______ is believed to be the first investigation to invent compound microscope.
a) Aristotle
b) Zachanan Janson ✓
c) Robert Brown
d) Robert Hooke
12. Zacharias Janssen (1580-1638) is generally believed to be the first investigator to invent the compound microscope in the:
a) 1840
b) 1940
c) 1850
d) 1950 ✓
13. _____ had improved Zacharias Janssen's version of the compound microscope to observe organisms.
a) Robert Brown
b) Rudolf Virchow
c) Robert Hooke ✓
d) Louis Pasteur
14. The enlargement of an image is called ______.
a) magnification ✓
b) resolution
c) scanning
d) diffusion
15. _____ helps to measure clarity of object.
a) Eye piece
b) Magnification
c) Objective
d) Resolution ✓
16. In 1665, Cell was first observed by _______, an English scientist
a) Robert Hooke ✓
b) Robert Brown
c) Theodor Schwann
d) Rudolf Virchow
17. In 1670, First living cells were seen by _______, a Dutch biologist, from pond water with a microscope.
a) Albrecht von Roelliker
b) Theodor Schwann
c) Carl Heinrich Braun
d) Anton van Leeuwenhoek ✓
18. In 1683, discovered the first protozoa and bacteria.
a) Robert Hooke
b) Anton van Leeuwenhoek ✓
c) Carl Heinrich Braun
d) Albrecht von Roelliker
19. In 1833, The center (nucleus) of the cell (plant cells) was seen an by English botanist, ______.
a) Robert Hooke
b) Rudolf Virchow
c) Robert Brown ✓
d) Carl Heinrich Braun
20. In 1839, A German botanist, _______, reached the conclusion that not only plants, but animal tissue as well is composed of cells.
a) Theodor Schwann ✓
b) Carl Heinrich Braun
c) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
d) Albrecht von Roelliker
21. In 1840, ______ discovered that sperm and eggs are also cells.
a) Carl Heinrich Braun
b) Theodor Schwann
c) Albrecht von Roelliker ✓
d) Albrecht von Roelliker
22. In 1845, _______ reworked the cell theory, calling cells the basic unit of life.
a) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b) Carl Heinrich Braun ✓
c) Rudolf Virchow
d) Louis Pasteur
23. 1855 3rd part (or an important extension of cell theory) to the cell theory added by a German physiologist / physician / pathologist _______.
a) Rudolf Virchow ✓
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Albrecht von Roelliker
d) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
24. Rudolf Virchow added that cell is not Denovo structure. This translates mean that all cells develop only from _____ cells.
a) non existing
b) dead
c) existing ✓
d) living
25. In 1862, _______ was a French biologist; microbiologist and chemist provided the experimental proof of Rudolf Virchow idea.
a) Robert Brown
b) Louis Pasteur ✓
c) Robert Hooke
d) Albrecht von Roelliker
26. ____ is a thin membranous layer on the outer side of the plant cell..
a) Primary cell wall
b) Secondary cell wall
c) Middle lamella ✓
d) None of them
27. It lies on the inside of the middle lamella and is mainly composed of cellulose.
a) Primary cell wall ✓
b) Secondary cell wall
c) Plasma membrane
d) Cell membrane
28. It is the outer most living boundary of all living cells.
a) cell membrane ✓
b) Secondary cell wall
c) Pimary cell wall
d) Middle lamella
29. The movement of water molecules from dilute solution to concentrated solution through cell membrane is known as _____.
a) Diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Osmosis ✓
d) Active transport
30. Plant cells use _____ to absorb water from the soil and transport it to the leaves.
a) Diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Osmosis ✓
d) Active transport
31. Osmosis in the kidneys keeps the water and salt levels in the body and blood at the correct levels.
a) Diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Osmosis ✓
d) Active transport
32. ______ is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, from a region of low concentration to high concentration using an input of energy.
a) Diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion
c) Osmosis
d) Active transport ✓
33. The _______ is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell, which consists of up to 90% water.
a) Cell membrane
b) Cytoplasm ✓
c) Nucleus
d) Nucleoplasm
34. The _____ is the largest organelle in the cell and contains the entire cell's genetic information in the form of DNA.
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus ✓
c) Golgi bodies
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
35. The inner membrane of _____ contains many folds called cristae.
a) Mitochondria ✓
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi bodies
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
36. ______ is the site of aerobic respiration.
a) Mitochondria ✓
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi bodies
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
37. During aerobic respiration energy is produced in the form of _______.
a) ATP ✓
b) ADP
c) Carbohydrate
d) Fat
38. The ______ is also called ‘Power house’ of cell.
a) Mitochondria ✓
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi bodies
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
39. The ______ has a double membrane consisting of a network of hollow tubes, flattened sheets, and round sacs, called cisternae.
a) ER ✓
b) ATP
c) ADP
d) Golgi Bodies
40. _______ are composed of RNA and protein.
a) Lysosome
b) Chromosome
c) Ribosomes ✓
d) Centrosome
41. It plays a role in membrane production.
a) Smooth ER
b) Rough ER ✓
c) Mitochondria
d) Golgi bodies
42. The ______ was discovered by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi.
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi bodies ✓
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
43. The _______ can be considered to be the 'post office' of the cell.
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi bodies ✓
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
44. ________ are formed by the Golgi body and contain powerful digestive enzymes.
a) Lysosome ✓
b) Chromosome
c) Ribosomes
d) Centrosome
45. A selectively permeable boundary called the tonoplast, surround the ______.
a) nucleus
b) vacuole ✓
c) cytoplam
d) endoplasmic reticulum
46. ______ are fluid-filled spaces that occur in the cytoplasm of plant cells.
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi bodies
c) Vacuoles ✓
d) Ribosomes
47. The _______ plays a very important role in cell division.
a) Lysosome
b) Chromosome
c) Ribosomes
d) Centrosome ✓
48. ____ is absent in animal cell.
a) Mitochondria
b) Plastids ✓
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi bodies
49. There are _____ different types of plastids.
a) 2
b) 3 ✓
c) 4
d) 5
50. ______ absorbs energy from the sun for photosynthesis.
a) Chlorophyll ✓
b) Vacuole
c) Ribosomes
d) Mitochondria
51. The outer layer of human skin and the lining of small intestine are made up of ______ tissues.
a) Epithelial ✓
b) Connective
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
52. _________ is found in the alveoli of lungs, and is important for the exchange of gases between the blood and lungs.
a) Simple squamous epithelium ✓
b) Complex squamous epithelium
c) Simple cuboidal epithelia
d) Complex cuboidal epithelia
53. ______ line the lumen of collecting ducts in the kidney and are present in the thyroid gland.
a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Complex squamous epithelium
c) Simple cuboidal epithelia ✓
d) Complex cuboidal epithelia
54. Simple columnar epithelia are found in the female reproductive system and in the digestive tract.
a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Simple columnar epithelia ✓
c) Simple cuboidal epithelia
d) Stratified squamous epithelia
55. ______ epithelia are a special subset of stratified epithelia. They are exclusively found in the excretory system.
a) Squamous
b) Cuboidal
c) Transitional ✓
d) Columnar
56. Those tissue which connects or bind the different types of cells called ______ tissues.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective ✓
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
57. Cartilage is a type of supporting ______ tissue.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective ✓
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
58. Bone is another type of supporting _____ tissue.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective ✓
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
59. Adipose is another type of supporting _______ tissue that provides cushions and stores excess energy and fat.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective ✓
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
60. Blood referred to as fluid _______ tissue.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective ✓
c) Muscular
d) Nervous
61. ______ muscle, which is also called striated (striped) muscle.
a) Rough
b) Smooth
c) Cardiac
d) Skeletal ✓
62. The muscles in your legs and your arms are _____ muscle.
a) Smooth
b) Cardiac
c) Skeletal ✓
d) Rough
63. _____ muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.
a) Cardiac ✓
b) Skeletal
c) Rough
d) Smooth
64. ______ muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels, as well as in various other internal structures.
a) Skeletal
b) Rough
c) Smooth ✓
d) Cardiac
65. _____ tissue is composed of neurons, which transmit information to other cells.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective
c) Muscular
d) Nervous ✓
66. ______ tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
a) Epithelial
b) Connective
c) Muscular
d) Nervous ✓
67. These tissues of plants are composed of cells, which have the ability to divide and do not have inter-cellular spaces.
a) Ground Tissues
b) Meristematic ✓
c) Permanent
d) Complex Tissues
68. _______ meristems tissues are present at the apex of roots and stems.
a) Lateral
b) Apical ✓
c) Ground
d) Complex
69. ____ meristems are located on the lateral sides of roots and shoot.
a) Apical meristems
b) Ground
c) Complex
d) Lateral ✓
70. The cells of these tissues do not have the ability to divide and may have intercellular spaces in between cells.
a) Ground Tissues
b) Meristematic
c) Permanent ✓
d) Complex Tissues
71. ______ act as a barrier between environment and internal plant tissues.
a) Ground
b) Epidermal ✓
c) Collenchyma
d) Sclerenchyma
72. On stem and leaves these tissues secrete cutin which prevents evaporation.
a) Sclerenchyma
b) Ground
c) Epidermal ✓
d) Collenchyma
73. Root hair and stomata are present in these tissues.
a) Collenchyma
b) Sclerenchyma
c) Ground
d) Epidermal ✓
74. In leaves, these tissues are called mesophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis.
a) Epidermal
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Ground ✓
75. These tissues provide strength and flexibility to plants.
a) Compond
b) Supporting ✓
c) Ground
d) Epidermal
76. These tissues are found in cortex (beneath epidermis) of young stems.
a) Epidermal
b) Collenchyma ✓
c) Sclerenchyma
d) parenchyma
77. A plant tissue composed of more than one type of cell is called a _____ tissue.
a) Compound or complex ✓
b) Supporting
c) Ground
d) Epidermal
78. Xylem and phloem tissues, found only in vascular plants, are examples of ________ tissues.
a) Ground Tissues
b) Meristematic
c) Permanent
d) Complex or compound Tissues ✓
79. The parameters which are important in microscope are:
a) Two ✔
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
80. The fundamental unit of living thing is:
a) atom
b) cell ✔
c) tissue
d) molecule
81. In 1833, he discovered the nucleus in plant cell.
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Rudolf Virchow
d) Louis Pasteur
82. In 1839, he presented a cell theory:
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Theodor Schwann ✔
d) Louis Pasteur
83. A photograph of an image taken through a microscope is called:
(a) magnification
(b) resolution
(c) micrograph ✔
(d) objective
84. Electron microscope has a resolution as small as:
(a) 0.1 nanometer
(b) 0.2 nanometer ✔
(c) 0.002 nanometer
(d) 2 nanometer
85. Electron microscope has a magnification upto:
(a) 125,000 times
(b) 150,000 times
(c) 175,000 times
(d) 250,000 times ✔
86. It is often used to obtain detailed images of the internal structure of cells.
(a) Compound Microscope
(b) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
(c) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) ✔
(d) Simple Microscope
87. They are not composed of cells.
(a) viruses
(b) prions
(c) viroids
(d) All of them ✔
88. These cells have a proper nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
(a) Eukaryotic ✔
(b) Prokaryotic
(c) Animal
(d) Plant
89. Plant and animal cells are:
(a) eukaryotic ✔
(b) prokaryotic
(c) viroids
(d) prions
90. These cells are generally a cubical shape.
(a) Animal
(b) Plant ✔
(c) virus
(d) Viroid
91. These cells are usually spherical in shape.
(a) Animal ✔
(b) Plant
(c) Virus
(d) Viroid
92. Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of:
(a) fats
(b) starch
(c) carbohydrates ✔
(d) All of them
93. The information necessary for the creation of new cells is known as:
(a) offspring information
(b) generation information
(c) hereditary information ✔
(d) All of them
94. Hereditary information is contained within:
(a) plasma
(b) cytoplasm
(c) RNA
(d) DNA ✔
95. Organisms whose cells have a membrane bounded nucleus are called:
(a) Eukaryotes ✔
(b) Prokaryotes
(c) Animal
(d) Plant
96. An animal cell does not have:
(a) plastids
(b) cell wall
(c) plasmodesmata
(d) All of them ✔
97. It is a tough, rigid non-living and permeable protective layer.
(a) plasma membrane
(b) cell membrane
(c) cell wall ✔
(d) None of them
98. Cell wall is also present in:
(a) fungi, algae & bacteria ✔
(b) fungi & algae
(c) fungi & bacteria
(d) algae & bacteria
99. In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose ✔
(b) sugar and amino acid
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins
(d) carbohydrates and starch
100. Bacterial cell walls are composed of:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose
(b) sugar and amino acid ✔
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins
(d) carbohydrates and starch
101. Peptidoglycan is:
(a) plant cell wall
(b) bacterial cell wall ✔
(c) fungal cell wall
(d) None of them
102. The main components of fungal cell walls are:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose
(b) sugar and amino acid
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins ✔
(d) carbohydrates and starch
103. Plant cell walls may contain upto:
(a) two layers
(b) three layers ✔
(c) four layers
(d) five layers
104. It separates one cell from another.
(a) Middle lamella ✔
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Secondary cell wall
(d) None of them
105. It is made up of sticky substance called pectin and cellulose.
(a) Secondary cell wall
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Middle lamella ✔
(d) cell membrane
106. Lignin is a:
(a) hard water proof substance ✔
(b) soft water proof substance
(c) water soluble substance
(d) tissue
107. It is only found in cells which provide mechanical support in plants.
(a) Secondary cell wall ✔
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Middle lamella
(d) cell membrane
108. The openings in the cell wall are called:
(a) lignin
(b) lamella
(c) phospholipid
(d) plasmodesmata ✔
109. It contains strands of cytoplasm that connect adjacent cells and allows molecules to travel between plant cells.
(a) lignin
(b) lamella
(c) phospholipid
(d) plasmodesmata ✔
110. The cell membrane is also called:
(a) middle lamella
(b) plasma membrane ✔
(c) primary cell wall
(d) secondary cell wall
(ii) Resolution of a microscope is defined as the smallest distance between two points.
(iii) Magnification of a light microscope is formed by using mixture of the power of the eyepiece and the objective lens.
(iv) Electron has a much shorter wavelength than visible light, and this allows electron microscopes to produce higher-resolution images.
(v) In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of strong fibers of cellulose.
(vi) Cell membrane is composed of double layer.
(vii) Diffusion is a passive process, which does not require energy input.
(viii) Plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks in a process called plasmolysis.
(ix) Special type of movement of specic substances through carrier protein is facilitated diffusion.
(x) The microtubules arranged in a very particular pattern to form centriole are 27 in number.
11. Compound microscope was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X.
12. Two parameters are important in microscopy i.e magnification and resolution.
13. There are two microscopes are used in microscopy i.e. light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM).
14. A photograph of an image taken through a microscope is called micrograph.
15. A live cell cannot be imaged by electron microscope.
16. Electron microscope has a resolution as small as 0.2 nanometer (nm) and magnification upto 250,000 times.
17. Transmission electron microscopy is often used to obtain detailed images of the internal structures of cells.
18. A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organism.
19. Electron microscope produces higher resolution.
20. Electron microscope can be used to examine sub-cellular structures.
21. A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organism. This is known as a cell theory.
22. Cell theory was proposed jointly by two scientists in 1839, a Belgian Botanist called Schleiden and the German zoologist called Schwan.
23. The cell contains the hereditary material which is passed from generation to generation.
24. There are 2 types of cells on the bases of their sub-cellular structure i.e prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
25. The prokaryotic cell has improper nucleus i.e with out nucleus membrane
26. The eukaryotic cell has proper nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane.
27. Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of carbohydrates by respiration.
28. Cells contain the information necessary for the creation of new cells. This information is known as 'hereditary information'.
29. Hereditary information is contained within DNA.
30. The contents of cells from similar species are basically the same.
31. From the Greek words ‘Eu’ means well or truly and ‘karyon’ means kernel or nucleus.
32. ‘Pro’ means before.
33. Cell wall is absent in animal cell.
34. Cell wall is a tough, rigid, non-living, permeable outer protective layer of some cells.
35. Cell- membrane is the outer most living, deferentially permeable boundary of all cells.
36. Cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane.
37. S.J singer and G.L. Nicholson proposed fluid mosaic model to explain the structure of cell membrane.
38. The structure present in cell called cell organelle.
39. The smallest cells are bacteria called mycoplasmas, with diameter between 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm.
40. Waste production and demand of nutrients are directly proportional to cell volume.
41. A group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function is known as a tissue.
42. In plants there are two major types of tissues i.e meristematic and permanent tissues.
43. Bacterial cell walls are composed of a sugar and amino acid called peptidoglycan.
44. The main components of fungal cell walls are chitin, glucans, and proteins.
46. In plant cell, Cellulose is held together by a hard, water proof substance called lignin.
47. The openings in the cell wall are called plasmodesmeta.
48. The cell membrane is composed of a double layer (bilayer) of special lipids called phospholipids.
49. Diffusion is the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
50. Facilitated diffusion is a special form of diffusion which allows rapid exchange of specic substances.
51. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
52. ATP and ADP are molecules involved with moving energy within cells.
53. Microtubules are made of tubulin while filaments made up of active protein.
54. Nucleus is covered by two phospholipids membranes known as nuclear envelope.
55. Inside nuclear envelope, a granular fluid is present called nucleoplasm.
56. In nucleus an aggregation of RNA is also present called nucleolus.
57. In non-dividing cell the genetic material is found in the form of net work in the nucleus called chromatin net work.
58. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells only.
59. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth and rough ER.
60. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have any ribosomes attached.
61. The Golgi body consists of a stack of flat membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.
62. The vacuole contains cell sap which is a liquid consisting of water, mineral salts, sugars and amino acids.
63. The vacuole plays an important role in hydrolysis, excretion of cellular waste, storage of water, organic and inorganic substances.
64. The site where two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other are referred to as a centrosome.
65. Chloroplasts are green-coloured plastids found in plants and algae.
66. Chromoplasts Contain red, orange or yellow pigments and are common in ripening fruit, flowers or autumn leaves.
67. Leucoplasts are colour less plastids.
68. The colour of plant flowers such as an orchid is controlled by a specialized organelle in a cell known as the chromoplast.
69. The chlorophyll molecules (green pigments) are found on the surface of the thylakoid discs of chloroplast.
70. The bulkiest or the largest cells are bird eggs cells.
71. The longest cells are some muscle cells and nerve cells.
72. Humans and other large multicellular animals are made up of four basic types tissue: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
73. Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body, lines the spaces inside the body and forms glands.
74. When the epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells, it is called simple epithelial tissue.
75. When the epithelium is composed of two or more layers of cells are called stratified epithelial tissues.
76. There are three types of muscular tissues i.e. cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
77. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons.
78. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not under voluntary control (involuntary).
79. Nervous tissue stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning.
80. There are two main types of meristematic tissues are recognized in plants: Apical meristems and Lateral meristems.
81. Stem and root increase in length by the division of cells of apical meristem tissues. This type of growth is called primary growth.
82. Lateral meristems tissues are responsible for increase in growth of plant parts. This growth is called secondary growth.
83. There are two types of permanent tissues i.e. (a) Simple permanent tissue (b) Compound or complex tissue.
84. The coating of cutin is called cuticle.
85. Ground tissues are simple tissues made up of parenchyma cells.
86. Supporting Tissues are further of two types: Collenchyma Tissues and Sclerenchyma Tissues.
87. Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to the aerial parts.
88. Two main types of cell are found in xylem tissue i.e. vessel and tracheids.
89. Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter (food) between different parts of plant body.
90. Phloem tissue mainly contains sieve tube cells and companion cells.
d) molecule
81. In 1833, he discovered the nucleus in plant cell.
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Rudolf Virchow
d) Louis Pasteur
82. In 1839, he presented a cell theory:
a) Robert Hooke
b) Robert Brown
c) Theodor Schwann ✔
d) Louis Pasteur
83. A photograph of an image taken through a microscope is called:
(a) magnification
(b) resolution
(c) micrograph ✔
(d) objective
84. Electron microscope has a resolution as small as:
(a) 0.1 nanometer
(b) 0.2 nanometer ✔
(c) 0.002 nanometer
(d) 2 nanometer
85. Electron microscope has a magnification upto:
(a) 125,000 times
(b) 150,000 times
(c) 175,000 times
(d) 250,000 times ✔
86. It is often used to obtain detailed images of the internal structure of cells.
(a) Compound Microscope
(b) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
(c) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) ✔
(d) Simple Microscope
87. They are not composed of cells.
(a) viruses
(b) prions
(c) viroids
(d) All of them ✔
88. These cells have a proper nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
(a) Eukaryotic ✔
(b) Prokaryotic
(c) Animal
(d) Plant
89. Plant and animal cells are:
(a) eukaryotic ✔
(b) prokaryotic
(c) viroids
(d) prions
90. These cells are generally a cubical shape.
(a) Animal
(b) Plant ✔
(c) virus
(d) Viroid
91. These cells are usually spherical in shape.
(a) Animal ✔
(b) Plant
(c) Virus
(d) Viroid
92. Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of:
(a) fats
(b) starch
(c) carbohydrates ✔
(d) All of them
93. The information necessary for the creation of new cells is known as:
(a) offspring information
(b) generation information
(c) hereditary information ✔
(d) All of them
94. Hereditary information is contained within:
(a) plasma
(b) cytoplasm
(c) RNA
(d) DNA ✔
95. Organisms whose cells have a membrane bounded nucleus are called:
(a) Eukaryotes ✔
(b) Prokaryotes
(c) Animal
(d) Plant
96. An animal cell does not have:
(a) plastids
(b) cell wall
(c) plasmodesmata
(d) All of them ✔
97. It is a tough, rigid non-living and permeable protective layer.
(a) plasma membrane
(b) cell membrane
(c) cell wall ✔
(d) None of them
98. Cell wall is also present in:
(a) fungi, algae & bacteria ✔
(b) fungi & algae
(c) fungi & bacteria
(d) algae & bacteria
99. In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose ✔
(b) sugar and amino acid
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins
(d) carbohydrates and starch
100. Bacterial cell walls are composed of:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose
(b) sugar and amino acid ✔
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins
(d) carbohydrates and starch
101. Peptidoglycan is:
(a) plant cell wall
(b) bacterial cell wall ✔
(c) fungal cell wall
(d) None of them
102. The main components of fungal cell walls are:
(a) strong fibers of cellulose
(b) sugar and amino acid
(c) chitin, glucans & proteins ✔
(d) carbohydrates and starch
103. Plant cell walls may contain upto:
(a) two layers
(b) three layers ✔
(c) four layers
(d) five layers
104. It separates one cell from another.
(a) Middle lamella ✔
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Secondary cell wall
(d) None of them
105. It is made up of sticky substance called pectin and cellulose.
(a) Secondary cell wall
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Middle lamella ✔
(d) cell membrane
106. Lignin is a:
(a) hard water proof substance ✔
(b) soft water proof substance
(c) water soluble substance
(d) tissue
107. It is only found in cells which provide mechanical support in plants.
(a) Secondary cell wall ✔
(b) Primary cell wall
(c) Middle lamella
(d) cell membrane
108. The openings in the cell wall are called:
(a) lignin
(b) lamella
(c) phospholipid
(d) plasmodesmata ✔
109. It contains strands of cytoplasm that connect adjacent cells and allows molecules to travel between plant cells.
(a) lignin
(b) lamella
(c) phospholipid
(d) plasmodesmata ✔
110. The cell membrane is also called:
(a) middle lamella
(b) plasma membrane ✔
(c) primary cell wall
(d) secondary cell wall
Fill In The Blanks
(i) Microscopes are instrument designed to produce magnified visual image.(ii) Resolution of a microscope is defined as the smallest distance between two points.
(iii) Magnification of a light microscope is formed by using mixture of the power of the eyepiece and the objective lens.
(iv) Electron has a much shorter wavelength than visible light, and this allows electron microscopes to produce higher-resolution images.
(v) In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of strong fibers of cellulose.
(vi) Cell membrane is composed of double layer.
(vii) Diffusion is a passive process, which does not require energy input.
(viii) Plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks in a process called plasmolysis.
(ix) Special type of movement of specic substances through carrier protein is facilitated diffusion.
(x) The microtubules arranged in a very particular pattern to form centriole are 27 in number.
11. Compound microscope was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X.
12. Two parameters are important in microscopy i.e magnification and resolution.
13. There are two microscopes are used in microscopy i.e. light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM).
14. A photograph of an image taken through a microscope is called micrograph.
15. A live cell cannot be imaged by electron microscope.
16. Electron microscope has a resolution as small as 0.2 nanometer (nm) and magnification upto 250,000 times.
17. Transmission electron microscopy is often used to obtain detailed images of the internal structures of cells.
18. A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organism.
19. Electron microscope produces higher resolution.
20. Electron microscope can be used to examine sub-cellular structures.
21. A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organism. This is known as a cell theory.
22. Cell theory was proposed jointly by two scientists in 1839, a Belgian Botanist called Schleiden and the German zoologist called Schwan.
23. The cell contains the hereditary material which is passed from generation to generation.
24. There are 2 types of cells on the bases of their sub-cellular structure i.e prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
25. The prokaryotic cell has improper nucleus i.e with out nucleus membrane
26. The eukaryotic cell has proper nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane.
27. Energy flow occurs in cells through the breakdown of carbohydrates by respiration.
28. Cells contain the information necessary for the creation of new cells. This information is known as 'hereditary information'.
29. Hereditary information is contained within DNA.
30. The contents of cells from similar species are basically the same.
31. From the Greek words ‘Eu’ means well or truly and ‘karyon’ means kernel or nucleus.
32. ‘Pro’ means before.
33. Cell wall is absent in animal cell.
34. Cell wall is a tough, rigid, non-living, permeable outer protective layer of some cells.
35. Cell- membrane is the outer most living, deferentially permeable boundary of all cells.
36. Cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane.
37. S.J singer and G.L. Nicholson proposed fluid mosaic model to explain the structure of cell membrane.
38. The structure present in cell called cell organelle.
39. The smallest cells are bacteria called mycoplasmas, with diameter between 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm.
40. Waste production and demand of nutrients are directly proportional to cell volume.
41. A group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function is known as a tissue.
42. In plants there are two major types of tissues i.e meristematic and permanent tissues.
43. Bacterial cell walls are composed of a sugar and amino acid called peptidoglycan.
44. The main components of fungal cell walls are chitin, glucans, and proteins.
46. In plant cell, Cellulose is held together by a hard, water proof substance called lignin.
47. The openings in the cell wall are called plasmodesmeta.
48. The cell membrane is composed of a double layer (bilayer) of special lipids called phospholipids.
49. Diffusion is the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to low concentration.
50. Facilitated diffusion is a special form of diffusion which allows rapid exchange of specic substances.
51. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
52. ATP and ADP are molecules involved with moving energy within cells.
53. Microtubules are made of tubulin while filaments made up of active protein.
54. Nucleus is covered by two phospholipids membranes known as nuclear envelope.
55. Inside nuclear envelope, a granular fluid is present called nucleoplasm.
56. In nucleus an aggregation of RNA is also present called nucleolus.
57. In non-dividing cell the genetic material is found in the form of net work in the nucleus called chromatin net work.
58. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells only.
59. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth and rough ER.
60. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have any ribosomes attached.
61. The Golgi body consists of a stack of flat membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.
62. The vacuole contains cell sap which is a liquid consisting of water, mineral salts, sugars and amino acids.
63. The vacuole plays an important role in hydrolysis, excretion of cellular waste, storage of water, organic and inorganic substances.
64. The site where two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other are referred to as a centrosome.
65. Chloroplasts are green-coloured plastids found in plants and algae.
66. Chromoplasts Contain red, orange or yellow pigments and are common in ripening fruit, flowers or autumn leaves.
67. Leucoplasts are colour less plastids.
68. The colour of plant flowers such as an orchid is controlled by a specialized organelle in a cell known as the chromoplast.
69. The chlorophyll molecules (green pigments) are found on the surface of the thylakoid discs of chloroplast.
70. The bulkiest or the largest cells are bird eggs cells.
71. The longest cells are some muscle cells and nerve cells.
72. Humans and other large multicellular animals are made up of four basic types tissue: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
73. Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body, lines the spaces inside the body and forms glands.
74. When the epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells, it is called simple epithelial tissue.
75. When the epithelium is composed of two or more layers of cells are called stratified epithelial tissues.
76. There are three types of muscular tissues i.e. cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
77. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons.
78. Cardiac and smooth muscles are not under voluntary control (involuntary).
79. Nervous tissue stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning.
80. There are two main types of meristematic tissues are recognized in plants: Apical meristems and Lateral meristems.
81. Stem and root increase in length by the division of cells of apical meristem tissues. This type of growth is called primary growth.
82. Lateral meristems tissues are responsible for increase in growth of plant parts. This growth is called secondary growth.
83. There are two types of permanent tissues i.e. (a) Simple permanent tissue (b) Compound or complex tissue.
84. The coating of cutin is called cuticle.
85. Ground tissues are simple tissues made up of parenchyma cells.
86. Supporting Tissues are further of two types: Collenchyma Tissues and Sclerenchyma Tissues.
87. Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to the aerial parts.
88. Two main types of cell are found in xylem tissue i.e. vessel and tracheids.
89. Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter (food) between different parts of plant body.
90. Phloem tissue mainly contains sieve tube cells and companion cells.
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