Chapter No.3 - Constitutional Development in Islamic Republic of Pakistan - Text Book Exercise - Pakistan Studies For Class X

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CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN

Text Book Exercise

By Ustani G
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Q.1: Why is a constitution necessary for a country?
Ans: A Constitution means a set of series of basic laws, rules and regulations which are necessary for running the administration of a state with an objective that people may lead an independent, disciplined, peaceful and happy life. The main reasons behind constitution are as follows:

• To run the affairs of government.
• People may live their lives independently.
• Due to the constitution rights of the citizen are preserved.
• In the world country cannot survive without a constitution.
• The constitution in needed so that people abide by the laws and those who violate the laws are punished so that society can make progress with peace and calm.

Q.2: What are the salient features of the objective Resolution?
Ans: Salient Features of Objective Resolution:
The constituent assembly passed objective resolution on 12th March 1949. Following are the main objectives:

• Sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah.
• The political power is a sacred trust which shall be exercised by the representatives of the people within the limits prescribed by Islam.
• Federal system of government shall be introduced in Pakistan and provincial government was granted autonomy.
• Principals of democracy, equality, freedom and social justice as enunciated by Islam shall be fully observed.
• Muslims shall be enabled to lead their individual as well as collective life according to the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah.
• The rights of the minorities shall be protected. They will have the freedom to follow their religion and promote their own culture.

Q.3: Describe the salient features of the constitution of 1956?
Ans: Salient Features Of The Constitution Of 1956:

• The preamble of the constitution embodied the sovereignty of Allah.
• The name of country will be Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• The head of the state shall be Muslim.
• Federal parliamentary system was introduced in the country.
• Governor General was replaced by the president.
• The powers were distributed between the centre and two provinces of Pakistan, namely, East Pakistan and West Pakistan under the federal system of government.
• Maintain close relations with the Muslims countries of the world.
• The rights of the non-Muslims minority were given due to protection.
• Urdu and Bengali were declared as the national languages of Pakistan.

Q.4: Why did East Pakistan separate from West Pakistan?
Ans: Following are the main causes for the separation of East Pakistan:

• West Pakistan’s attitude towards East Pakistan looked like a master slave relation.
• The Bengalis were looked down upon. They were denied provincial autonomy, power, equal status, democracy and other privileges, etc.
• India took the full advantage of the situation with the backing of Ten Million Hindus of East Pakistan and with the full support of Both Russia and America India succeeds in dismembering Pakistan.
• The repeated martial laws, look of democracy the wrong behavior of the West Pakistan bureaucracy, international conspiracies, foolish military action in East Pakistan and above all India’s determination to dismember Pakistan led to the fall of East Pakistan.

Q.5: What role should Pakistanis play for the prosperity of the country?
Ans: Pakistan’s stability and prosperity is the joint responsibility of all the Pakistanis. Following are the main role of Pakistanis for the peace and prosperity of the country:

• We should work hard in all the fields of national development to make the country prosperous and economically independent.
• We should think of ourselves above ethnicity and regionalism.
• We should help others and promote brotherhood.
• We should show patriotism though words and deeds.
• We should earn our livelihood with honesty.
• We should honor the laws of the country and eradicate corruption in all its forms.

Q.6: Describe the salient features of the constitution of 1973?
Ans: Salient Features Of The Constitution of 1973:

• The foundation of 1973 constitution was also laid on the objective resolution.
• The country was declared as Islamic republic of Pakistan and was made the official religion of the state.
• The definition of a Muslim was made part of the constitution. “A person who has faith in oneness of Allah and Prophet hood will be considered as a Muslim”.
• The offices of president and prime Minister of Pakistan were restricted for the Muslims only.
• A parliament consisting of two houses was established for the first time. The upper house was called the senate and the lower house was called the National Assembly.
• The provincial governments were granted autonomy.
• In order to protect rights of the people necessary safeguard were provided to ensure independence of judiciary.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Primitive man lived in small family units.
2. After it was established, Pakistan needed a constitution.
3. In the preamble of 1956 constitution, it was stated that sovereignty rests with Almighty Allah.
4. About 40 heads of Muslim states participated in the second Islamic summit conference.
5. Bangladesh was recognized by Pakistan during the 2_nd Summit.
6. The foundation of the constitution of 1973 was laid on the Objective Resolution.
7. The first constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved by Governor General Ghulam Muhammad.
8. In all the three constitutions of Pakistan, it has been said that the sovereignty belongs to Almighty Allah.

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