LOGICAL REASONING - FOR MDCAT 2025

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According To PMDC Syllabus 2025
Content List for Logical Reasoning

Themes 5.1: CRITICAL THINKING
Statements
It is the process of evaluation which uses logic to separate truth from Falsehood, reasonable from unreasonable beliefs.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.1.1 Develop logical arguments for the statements to be true or false.
• 5.1.2 Give reasons for the right beliefs.
• 5.1.3 Identify and critically evaluate false beliefs using logical reasoning.

Themes 5.2: LETTER AND SYMBOLS SERIES
Statements
These are sequential order of letters, number or both arranged such a way that each term in the series is obtained according to some specific rules. These rules can be based on the mathematical operations, c of letter in an alphabetical order.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.2.1 Develop arithmetical operations as per numbers.
• 5.2.2 Develop geometrical progression as per numbers.
• 5.2.3 Develop series/sequential orders as per letter and symbols (according to specific rules).

Themes 5.3: LOGICAL DEDUCTIONS
Statements
Logical reasoning is the type of thinking in which statements and relation between statements are used in a precise manner to make conclusions that are meant (or implied) by the statements and the relations. Logical deduction is a type of reasoning; It assesses a candidate’s ability to use structured thinking to deduce from a short passage which of a number of statements is the most accurate response to a posed question.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.3.1 Predict new relations on the basis of given relations.
• 5.3.2 Develop new structure on the basis of information in already drawn structures.

Themes 5.4: LOGICAL PROBLEMS
Statements
These are the puzzles which require people to use deductive reasoning skills, meaning they need to look at different pieces of information in order to arrive at an answer.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.4.1 Infer result of one problem to resolve another problem.
• 5.4.2 Develop skills to solve puzzles.

Themes 5.5: COURSE OF ACTION
Statements
A course of action is the step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow-up or further action to the problem, policy etc. based on the information given in the statement to be true and test-takers should determine which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for the pursuing.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.5.1 Develop skills to gather different parts of information.
• 5.5.2 Use information for making decisions.
• 5.5.3 Judge different courses by using arguments.

Themes 5.6: CAUSE AND EFFECT
Statements
It is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. When examining even, people naturally seek to explain why things happened. This search often results in cause-and- effect reasoning, which assert or denies that one thing causes another, or that one thing is cause by another.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.6.1 Give reasons for incidents/events and accidents.
• 5.6.2 Reject false beliefs through valid arguments.
• 5.6.3 Build positive thinking in the society through strong arguments.