ENGLISH - For MDCAT 2025

GO TO INDEX
According To PMDC Syllabus 2025
Content List for English

Competencies-Themes-1: READING AND THINKING SKILLS
Learning outcomes

• 1.1 Scan to answer short Questions.
• 1.2 Deduce the meanings of the context.
• 1.3 Analyze how a writer/poet uses language to apprehend to the senses for figurative language.

Competencies-Themes-2: FORMAL AND LEXICAL ASPECT OF LANGUAGE
Learning outcomes

• 2.1 deduce the meaning of difficult words from the context using contextual clues.
• 2.2 Explore the use of Synonyms with varying shades of meaning used for irony, parody and satire.
• 2.3 Illustrate use of pronoun-antecedent agreement.
• 2.4 Illustrate use of tenses.
• 2.5 Illustrate use of infinitives and infinitives phrases.
• 2.6 Illustrate the use of gerund and gerund phrases.
• 2.7 Recognize varying position of adverbs in sentences according to their kinds and importance.
• 2.8 Illustrate use of prepositions of position, time, movements and directions.
• 2.9 Use in speech and writing, all the appropriate transitional devices.
• 2.10 Illustrate use of all punctuation marks wherever applicable
• 2.11 Analyze sentences for different classes and phrases, evaluate how their position in sentences when change meaning and different communication function.
• 2.12 Recognize and use sentence in version for various purposes.
• 2.13 Use active and passive voice appropriately in speech and writing according to the required communicative function.
• 2.14 Use direct and indirect speech appropriately in speech and writing according to the e required communicative function.

Competencies-Themes-3: WRITING SKILLS
Learning outcomes

• 3.1 Proof read and edit their own peers and given text for the error of usage and style.
• 3.2 Faulty sentence structure
• 3.3 Subject verb agreement
• 3.4 Errors of functions and spellings

LOGICAL REASONING - FOR MDCAT 2025

GO TO INDEX
According To PMDC Syllabus 2025
Content List for Logical Reasoning

Themes 5.1: CRITICAL THINKING
Statements
It is the process of evaluation which uses logic to separate truth from Falsehood, reasonable from unreasonable beliefs.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.1.1 Develop logical arguments for the statements to be true or false.
• 5.1.2 Give reasons for the right beliefs.
• 5.1.3 Identify and critically evaluate false beliefs using logical reasoning.

Themes 5.2: LETTER AND SYMBOLS SERIES
Statements
These are sequential order of letters, number or both arranged such a way that each term in the series is obtained according to some specific rules. These rules can be based on the mathematical operations, c of letter in an alphabetical order.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.2.1 Develop arithmetical operations as per numbers.
• 5.2.2 Develop geometrical progression as per numbers.
• 5.2.3 Develop series/sequential orders as per letter and symbols (according to specific rules).

Themes 5.3: LOGICAL DEDUCTIONS
Statements
Logical reasoning is the type of thinking in which statements and relation between statements are used in a precise manner to make conclusions that are meant (or implied) by the statements and the relations. Logical deduction is a type of reasoning; It assesses a candidate’s ability to use structured thinking to deduce from a short passage which of a number of statements is the most accurate response to a posed question.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.3.1 Predict new relations on the basis of given relations.
• 5.3.2 Develop new structure on the basis of information in already drawn structures.

Themes 5.4: LOGICAL PROBLEMS
Statements
These are the puzzles which require people to use deductive reasoning skills, meaning they need to look at different pieces of information in order to arrive at an answer.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.4.1 Infer result of one problem to resolve another problem.
• 5.4.2 Develop skills to solve puzzles.

Themes 5.5: COURSE OF ACTION
Statements
A course of action is the step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow-up or further action to the problem, policy etc. based on the information given in the statement to be true and test-takers should determine which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for the pursuing.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.5.1 Develop skills to gather different parts of information.
• 5.5.2 Use information for making decisions.
• 5.5.3 Judge different courses by using arguments.

Themes 5.6: CAUSE AND EFFECT
Statements
It is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. When examining even, people naturally seek to explain why things happened. This search often results in cause-and- effect reasoning, which assert or denies that one thing causes another, or that one thing is cause by another.

Learning Outcomes:

• 5.6.1 Give reasons for incidents/events and accidents.
• 5.6.2 Reject false beliefs through valid arguments.
• 5.6.3 Build positive thinking in the society through strong arguments.

PHYSICS - FOR MDCAT 2025

GO TO INDEX
According To PMDC Syllabus 2025
Content List for Physics

UNIT 1: VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Addition of Vectors (Rectangular Components)
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 1.1 Determine the sum of vectors using perpendicular Components.
  
  
• Product of Vectors (Scalar Product)
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 1.2 Describe Scalar Product of two vectors in term of angle between them
  
  
• Product of Vectors (Vector Product)
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 1.3 Describe Vector product of two vectors in terms of angle between them.
  

UNIT 2: FORCE AND MOTION
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Displacement
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.1. Describe displacement.
  
  
• Velocity
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.2. Describe average velocity of objects.
  
  
• Displacement-time Graph
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.3. Interpret displacement-time graph of objects moving along the same straight line.
  
  
• Acceleration
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.4. Describe acceleration.
  
  
• Uniform and variable acceleration
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.5. Distinguish between uniform and variable acceleration.
  
  
• Projectile motion
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.6. Explain that projectile motion is two-dimensional motion in a vertical plane.
  
  
• Ideal Projectile
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.7. Communicate the ideas of a projectile in the absence of air resistance.
  
  
• Projectile motion (Velocity)
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.8. Explain Horizontal component (VH) of velocity is constant.
  ⇒ 2.9. Acceleration is in the vertical direction and is the same as that of a vertically free- falling object.
  ⇒ 2.10. Differentiate between the characteristics of horizontal motion and vertical motion.
  
  
• Projectile motion: Maximum Height, Range, Time of flight, Maximum angle
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.11. Evaluate, using equations of uniformly accelerated motion for a given initial velocity of frictionless projectile, the following issues:
  
  • a. How much higher does it go?
  • How far would it go along the level land?
  • c. Where would it be after a given time?
  • d. How long will it remain in air?
  • e. Determine the parameters for a projectile launched from ground height.
  • f. Launch angle that results in the maximum range.
  • g. Relation between the launch angles that result in the same range.
  
  
• Newton’s Laws of motion
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.12. Apply Newton’s laws to explain the motion of objects in a variety of context.
  
  
• Newton’s Second Law and Linear momentum
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.13. Describe the Newton’s second law of motion as rate of change of momentum.
  
  
• Newton’s third law of motion
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.14. Correlate Newton’s third law of motion and conservation of momentum.
  
  
• Collision
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.15. Solve different problems of elastic and inelastic collisions between two bodies in one dimension by using law of conservation of momentum.
  
  
• Momentum and Explosive forces
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.16. Describe that momentum is conservational situations.
  
  
• Perfectly elastic collision in one dimension
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 2.17. Identify that for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.
  
  

UNIT 3: WORK AND ENERGY
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Work
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.1. Describe the concept of work in terms of the product of force F and displacement d in the direction of force.
  
  
• Energy
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.2. Describe energy.
  
  
• Kinetic Energy
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.3. Explain kinetic energy.
  
  
• Potential energy
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.4. Explain the difference between potential energy and gravitational potential energy.
  
  
• Absolute potential energy
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.5. Describe that the gravitational potential energy is measured from a reference level and can be positive or negative, to denote the orientation from the reference levels.
  
  
• Power
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.6. Express power as scalar product of force and velocity.
  
  
• Work energy theorem in resistive medium
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.7. Explain that work done against friction is dissipated as heat in the environment.
  
  
• Implications of energy losses in practical devices and Efficiency
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 3.8. State the implications of energy losses in practical devices.
  

UNIT 4: ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Angular displacement
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 4.1. Define angular displacement, express angular displacement in radians.
  ⇒ 4.2. Define revolution, degree and radian.
  
  
• Angular Velocity
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 4.3. Describe the term angular velocity.
  
  
• Relation between angular and linear quantities
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 4.4. Find out the relationship between the following:
  a. Relation between linear and angular variables.
  b. Relation between linear and angular displacements.
  c. Relation between linear and angular velocities.
  d. Relation between linear and angular accelerations.
  

UNIT 5: FLUID DYNAMICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Terminal Velocity
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 5.1. Describe the terminal velocity of an object.
  
  
• Fluid Drag
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 5.2. Define and explain the term fluid drag.
  
  
• Fluid Flow
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 5.3. Define the terms: Steady (Streamline or laminar) flow, Incompressible flow and non-viscous flow as applied to the motion of an ideal fluid.
  ⇒ 5.4. Explain that at the sufficiently high velocity, the flow of viscous fluid undergoes a transition from laminar to turbulence conditions.
  ⇒ 5.5. Describe that majority of practical examples of fluid flow and resistance to motion in fluid involve turbulent rather than laminar conditions.
  
  
• Equation of Continuity
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 5.6. Describe equation of continuity Av= constant for the flow of an ideal and incompressible fluid and solve problems using it.
  ⇒ 5.7. Identify that the equation of continuity is the form of principle of conservation of mass.
  
  
• Bernoulli’s Equation
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 5.8. Interpret and apply Bernoulli’s effect in Blood physics.
  ⇒ 5.9. Derive Bernoulli’s equation for the case of horizontal tube of flow.
  ⇒ 5.10. Describe the pressure difference can arise from different rates of flow of fluid (Bernoulli’s effect).
  

UNIT 6: WAVES
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Motion of wave
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.1. Describe the meaning of wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs.
  
  
• Progressive waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.2. Demonstrate that mechanical waves require a medium for their propagation while electromagnetic waves do not.
  
  
• Characteristics of wave
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.3. Define and apply the following terms to the wave model; medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, wavelength, velocity.
  
  
• Wave Speed
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.4. Solve problems using the equation: 𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆.
  
  
• Progressive waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.5. Describe that energy is transferred due to a progressive wave.
  
  
• Classification of progressive waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.6. Compare transverse and longitudinal waves.
  
  
• Speed of sound Newton’s Formula for speed of sound in air
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.7. Explain that speed of sound depends on the properties of medium in which it propagates and describe Newton’s formula of speed of waves.
  
  
• Laplace’s Correction
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.8. Describe the Laplace correction in Newton’s formula for speed of sound in air.
  
  
• Effect of various factors on speed of sound
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.9. Identify the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.
  
  
• Superposition of waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.10. Describe the principle of super position of two waves from coherent sources.
  
  
• Interference of sound waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.11. Describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves.
  
  
• Stationary waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.12. Explain the formation of stationary waves using graphical method.
  ⇒ 6.13. Define the terms, node and antinodes.
  
  
• Stationary waves in a stretched string
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.14. Describe modes of vibration of strings.
  
  
• Organ pipes
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.15. Describe formation of stationary waves in vibrating air columns.
  
  
• Superposition of waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.16. Explain the principle of Superposition.
  
  
• Simple Harmonic Motion, Terminologies of SHM, Circular motion and SHM, Energy
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.17. Explain Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) and explain the characteristics of S.H.M. (Chapter: Oscillation).
  
  
• Circular Motion and SHM (Acceleration and Velocity of Projection)
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 6.18 Describe that when an object moves in a circle, the motion of its projection on the diameter of a circle is SHM.
  

UNIT 7: THERMODYNAMICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Thermal equilibrium, Heat
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.1. Describe that thermal energies transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
  
  
• Molar specific heat of gas
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.2. Differentiate between specific heat and molar specific heat.
  
  
• Work
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.3. Calculate work done by a thermodynamic system during a volume change.
  
  
• First law of thermodynamics
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.4. Describe the first law of thermodynamics expressed in terms of the change in internal energy, the heating of the system and work done on the system.
  ⇒ 7.5. Explain that first law of thermodynamics expresses the conservation of energy.
  
  
• Molar specific heat of gas
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.6. Define the terms, specific heat and molar specific heats of a gas.
  
  
• Relation between molar specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 7.7. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to derive the relation C_p − C_v = RC for an ideal gas
  

UNIT 8: ELECTROSTATICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Coulomb’s Law
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.1. State Coulomb’s law and explain that force between two-point charges is reduced in a medium other than free space using Coulomb’s law
  
  
• Electric Field
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.2. Describe the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force.
  
  
• Electric field intensity due to a point charge Representation of electric field by lines
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.3. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point due to two charges with the same or opposite signs.
  ⇒ 8.4. Sketch the electric field lines for two-point charges of equal magnitude with same or opposite signs.
  
  
• Electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charges
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.5. Describe and draw the electric field due to an infinite size conducting plate of positive or negative charge.
  
  
• Electric potential energy and potential due to a point charge
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.6 Define electric potential at a point in terms of the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point.
  
  
• Electric potential
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.7. Define the unit of potential.
  
  
• Electric potential energy and potential due to a point charge
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.8. Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
  
  
• Charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 8.9. Demonstrate charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance.
  

UNIT 9: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Steady current
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 9.1. Describe the concept of steady current.
  
  
• Ohm’s Law
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 9.2. State Ohm’s law.
  
  
• Factors on which resistance depends Temperature coefficient of resistivity
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 9.3. Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon temperature.
  
  
• Internal resistance of sources
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 9.4. Explain the internal resistance of sources and its consequences for external circuits.
  
  
• Maximum power Output
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 9.5. Describe the conditions for maximum power transfer.
  

UNIT 10: ELECTROMAGNETISM
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Magnetic flux density/Magnetic field
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 10.1. Define magnetic flux density and its units.
  
  
• Magnetic flux
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 10.2. Describe the concept of magnetic flux Φ (Phi) as scalar product of magnetic field (B) and area (A)using the relation ØB = B ┴ A = B.A.
  
  
• Motion of charged particle in magnetic field
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 10.3. Describe quantitatively the path followed by a charged particle hot into a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the field.
  ⇒ 10.4. Explain that a force may act on a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.
  

UNIT 11: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 11.1. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
  
  
• Lenz’s Law
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 11.2. Account for Lenz’s law to predict the direction of an induced current and relate to the principle of conservation of energy.
  
  
• Transformer
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 11.3. Describe the construction of a transformer and explain how it works.
  ⇒ 11.4. Describe how set-up and step-down transformers can be used to ensure efficient transfer of electricity along cables.
  
  

UNIT 12: ALTERNATING CURRENT
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Phase of Alternating Current
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 12.1. Describe the phase of Alternating Current and explain how phase lag and phase lead occur in AC circuits.
  
  
• AC through
  a. Resistor
  b. Capacitor.
  c. Inductor
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 12.2. Explain the flow of AC through resistors, Capacitors and Inductor
  
  
• Electromagnetic waves
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 12.3 Become familiar with EM spectrum (ranging from radio waves to Gamma rays).
  

UNIT 13: ELECTRONICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Rectification
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 13.1. Define rectification and describe the use of diodes for half and full wave rectifications.
  
  
• PN Junction
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 13.2 Describe the PN Junction and discuss its forward and reverse biasing.
  
  

UNIT 14: DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Quantum Theory and Radiation
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 14.1. Explain the particle model of light in terms of photons with energy.
  
  

UNIT 15: ATOMIC SPECTRA
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Atomic Spectra
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 15.1. Describe and explain atomic spectra/ line spectrum
  
  

UNIT 16: NUCLEAR PHYSICS
TOPICS / SUBTOPICS

• Composition of atomic nuclei
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 16.1. Describe a simple model for the atom to include protons, neutrons and electrons.
  
  
• Spontaneous and random nuclear decay
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 16.2. Identify the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay.
  
  
• Half-life and rate of decay
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 16.3. Describe the term half-life and solve problems using the equation 𝜆 = 0.693 / 𝑇 _¹/2
  
  
• Biological and Medical uses of radiation
  * Learning Outcomes:
  ⇒ 16.4. Describe biological effects of radiation state and explain the different medical uses of radiation.