Nuclear Structure - Physics For Class X (Science Group) - MCQs, Fill in the blanks and Concept Map

Go To Index
Unit 20: Nuclear Structure
Physics For Class X (Science Group)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Choose the correct answer from the following choices:
1. The 𝛂-radiation is:
a) a stream of fast-moving electrons
b) a form of electromagnetic radiation
c) highly ionizing than 𝛄-radiation ✔
d) more penetrating than 𝛃-radiation

2. A radioactive nuclide emits 𝛃-particle. The atomic number (proton number) of the nucleus:
a) stays the same ✔
b) increases by 1
c) decreases by 2
d) decreases by 4

3. A radioactive element emits a particle from the nucleus of one of its atoms. The particle comprises two protons and two neutrons. The name of this process is called:
a) 𝛂-emission ✔
b) 𝛃-emission
c) 𝛄-emission
d) nuclear fission

4. A radioactive decay can be represented as shown. ₉₁Pa²³³ → ₉₁U²³³ + ..... The emitted particle is a/an:
a) gamma-ray
b) proton
c) 𝛂-particle
d) 𝛃-particle ✔

5. The type of radiation that travels in a straight line across an electric field is a/an:
a) proton
b) electron
c) alpha particle
d) gamma-ray ✔

6. A powder contains 100 mg of a radioactive material that emits 𝛂-particles. The half-life of the isotope is five days. The mass of isotope that remains after ten days will be:
a) 0 mg
b) 25 mg ✔
c) 50 mg
d) 75 mg

7. The main source of energy in the stars is:
a) chemical reaction
b) nuclear fission
c) nuclear fusion ✔
d) mechanical energy

8. The splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei is called:
a) fusion
b) fission ✔
c) half-life
d) gamma decay

9. A process in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) nuclear fusion ✔
b) nuclear fission
c) beta-decay

d) alpha-decay

10. Which row shows the nature and the penetrating ability of 𝛃-particles?

	Nature	Most Are Stopped By
a	helium nucleus	a few mm of aluminum
b	helium nucleus	a thin sheet of paper
c	electron	a few mm of aluminum ✔
d	electron	a thin sheet of paper

11. Compared with 𝛂-particles and 𝛃-particles, 𝛄-rays:
a) are a type of radiation to carry a charge
b) have the most significant ionizing effect
c) have the most significant penetrating effect ✔
d) have the most negligible mass

12. The severe health hazards caused by radioactive emissions is/are:
a) cancer
b) genetic change
c) deep-sited burns
d) All of these ✔

13. Radioactive materials should be handled carefully. Which safety measure does not reduce the risk of using radioactive material?
a) Keeping the material along a distance
b) Keeping the material at a low temperature ✔
c) Using lead screening
d) Using the material for a short time

14. A scientist experiments using a sealed source that emits 𝛃-particles. The range of the 𝛃-particles in the air is about 30 cm. The precaution that is the most effective to protect the scientist from radiation is:
a) handling the source with long tongs ✔
b) keeping the temperature of the source low
c) opening all windows in the laboratory
d) washing his hands before leaving the laboratory

15. The safest way to dispose of a large quantity of radioactive waste is:
a) burying it in a dry rock deep underground ✔
b) washing it in the drain
c) burning it on a fire
d) draining it into the sea

16. Nuclei join the nucleons through another specific:
a) electrostatic force
b) binding energy ✔
c) magnetic force
d) covalent bond

17. The emission of these radiations with the release of energy is known as radioactivity.
a) 𝛂 & 𝛃
b) 𝛂 & 𝛄
c) 𝛃 & 𝛄
d) 𝛂, 𝛃 & 𝛄 ✔

18. In the graph of unstable nuclei, stable isotopes lie:
a) along with the stability line ✔
b) above the stability line
c) below the stability line
d) None of these

19. Isotopes above the stability line have:
a) too many protons to be stable
b) too many neutrons to be stable ✔
c) few protons to be stable
d) few neutrons to be stable

20. The decay for this emission reduces the number of neutrons.
a) 𝛂
b) 𝛃+ (positron)
c) 𝛃- (electrons ✔
d) 𝛄

21. Isotopes below the line of stability:
a) too many protons to be stable
b) too many neutrons to be stable
c) few protons to be stable
d) few neutrons to be stable ✔

22. The decay for these emissions increases the number of neutrons.
a) 𝛂
b) 𝛃+ (positron) ✔
c) 𝛃- (electrons
d) 𝛄

23. The heaviest isotopes (proton number, Z > 83) decay by emissions.
a) 𝛂 ✔
b) 𝛃+ (positron)
c) 𝛃- (electrons
d) 𝛄

24. If the radioactive source is placed inside the electric field, 𝛂-particles are deflected towards a:
a) positive plate
b) negative plate ✔
c) does not change direction
d) None of these

25. If the radioactive source is placed inside the electric field, this radiation does not change its direction.
a) 𝛂
b) 𝛃+ (positron)
c) 𝛃- (electrons
d) 𝛄 ✔

26. 𝛃 particles have:
a) positive charge
b) negative charge ✔
c) no charge
d) None of these

27. 𝛃 particles are _______ than/to 𝛂 particles.
a) much lighter ✔
b) much heavier
c) equal
d) None of these

28. They carry no electric charge.
a) 𝛂 particles
b) 𝛃 particles
c) 𝛄 rays ✔
d) All of them

29. 𝛂 particle is a:
a) hydrogen nucleus
b) helium nucleus ✔
c) carbon nucleus
d) nitrogen nucleus

30. 𝛂-particles has a charge of:
a) -e
b) +e
c) -2e
d) +2e ✔

31. Beta radiation is a streamlet of high-energy:
a) helium nucleus
b) hydrogen nucleus
c) electrons ✔
d) electromagnetic radiations

32. Gamma radiations are:
a) helium nucleus
b) hydrogen nucleus
c) electrons
d) photons ✔

33. When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become:
a) ions ✔
b) molecules
c) compounds
d) helium nucleus

34. Ions are:
a) charged atoms
b) charged molecules
c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✔
d) None of them

35. Which one of these particles has the shortest penetrating ability?
a) 𝛂 ✔
b) 𝛃
c) 𝛄
d) photon

36. High penetrating power of gamma rays is due to their:
a) high speed
b) neutral nature
c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✔
d) None of these

37. In the core of the sun hydrogen is being converted into helium. ThiS is called:
a) nuclear fission
b) nuclear fusion ✔
c) ionization
d) disintegration

38. In the core of the sun hydrogen is being converted into helium. It takes _____ hydrogen atoms to fuse into each helium atom.
a) two
b) three
c) four ✔
d) five

39. In alpha decay, the proton number or atomic number, Z of the parent nuclide reduces by _____, while its atomic mass or nucleon number A, decreases b:
a) 0, 1
b) 1, 0
c) 4, 2
d) 2, 4 ✔

40. A radioactive decay can be represented as shown. ₈₈Ra²²⁶ → ₈₈Rn²²² + ..... The emitted particle is a/an:
a) gamma-ray
b) proton
c) 𝛂-particle ✔
d) 𝛃-particle

41. A radioactive decay can be represented as shown. ₆C¹⁴ → ₇N¹⁴ + ..... The emitted particle is a/an:
a) gamma-ray
b) 𝛃+ particle
c) 𝛂-particle
d) 𝛃-particle ✔

42. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to the:
a) number of atoms present
b) number of nuclei present
c) number of unstable nuclei present ✔
d) Both 'a' & 'b'

43. To check thyroid function, a patient drinks a liquid containing radio:
a) iodine-131 ✔
b) phosphorous-32
c) carbon-14
d) cobalt-60

44. For the diagnosis of brain tumors, the _____ isotope is used.
a) iodine-131
b) phosphorous-32 ✔
c) carbon-14
d) cobalt-60

45. In radiosurgery, a strong gamma emitter _____ is used.
a) iodine-131
b) phosphorous-32
c) carbon-14
d) cobalt-60 ✔

46. ₁H² + ₁H³ → ₂He⁴ + ₀n¹ + energy.
This reaction is an example of:
a) nuclear fusion ✔
b) nuclear fission
c) radioisotopes
d) 𝛂-radiations

47. The dangerous from these particles is minimal.
a) 𝛂 ✔
b) 𝛃
c) 𝛄
d) None of these

48. It is the most dangerous of all other radioactive radiations.
a) 𝛂
b) 𝛃
c) 𝛄 ✔
d) None of these
49. The number of neutrons in the uranium nucleus will be:
a) 92
b) 143
c) 235
d) varies with isotopes ✔

50. During nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium:
a) energy is absorbed
b) energy is released ✔
c) mass is increased
d) mass is reduced

51. A particle having the mass of an electron and the charge of a proton is called a:
a) boson
b) positron
c) helium nucleus ✔
d) photon

52. An alpha particle is emitted from ₈₈Ra²²⁶. What are the mass and an atomic number of the daughter nucleus?
a) ₈₂X²²⁰
b) ₈₄X²²⁴
c) ₈₆X²²² ✔
d) ₈₇X²²⁶

53. In each nuclear fission, a few neutrons are emitted. These neutrons can trigger further nuclei to undergo self-sustained fission reaction that is known as:
a) chemical reaction
b) nuclear fusion
c) nuclear fission
d) chain reaction ✔

54. Various types of cancer are treated by:
a) iodine-131
b) phosphorous-32
c) carbon-14
d) cobalt-60 ✔

55. Radioactivity is:
a) irreversible process
b) self-disintegration process
c) spontaneous
d) All of the above ✔

56. 𝛄-rays are deflected by:
a) an electric field but not by a magnetic field
b) a magnetic field but not by an electric field
c) both electric and magnetic field
d) neither by electric field nor by a magnetic field ✔

57. In 𝛄-ray emission from a nucleus:
a) only the proton number changes
b) both the neutron number and the proton number change
c) there is no change in the proton number and the neutron number ✔
d) only the neutron number changes

58. Half-life of a radioactive element depends upon:
a) amount of element present
b) temperature
c) pressure
d) nature of element ✔

59. A nuclear reaction is given by:
a) fission
b) 𝛃-decay ✔
c) σ-decay
d) fusion

Fill In The Blanks

1. The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.
2. Radio-isotope is an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay.
3. Radioactivity is the emission of radioactive radiation elements with the release of energy.
4. The 𝛂 and 𝛃-radiations are affected by an electric field and a magnetic field.
5. Ionization is a phenomenon by which radiations split matter into positive and negative ions.
6. The alpha particle has the shortest penetrating ability.
7. The gamma rays are very penetrating, stopped through lead and thick concrete.
8. Penetrating power is the strength of radiations to penetrate a specific material.
9. Nuclear transmutation is converting one chemical element into another element.
10. In alpha decay, the proton number of the parent nuclide reduces by 2, and its atomic mass decreases by 4.
11. In beta decay, the proton number of the parent nuclide increases by 1, and its atomic mass remains unchanged.
12. Background radiations are natural radiations that come from the surroundings.
13. Spontaneous decay is a process that environmental factors cannot influence.
14. A random decay is a process in which the exact time of decay of a nucleus cannot be predicted.
15. The half-life of a radioactive element is the time taken for half of the nuclei present in any given sample to decay.
16. Radioactive dating is when an objects approximate age is determined using radioactive nuclides.
17. A Radioactive tracers monitor the metabolism of chemical reactions inside living objects.
18. Nuclear fission is a process in which a heavy nucleus absorbs a slow neutron split into two smaller nuclei with the release of energy.
19. Nuclear fusion is a process in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.

Concept Map