Environmental Chemistry - I (The Atmosphere) - Chemistry II - Chapter 5 - For Class X (2022 and Onward) - SECTION "A" - Multiple Choice Questions, Fill in the blanks, Concept Diagram

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Chapter No.5: Environmental Chemistry I
(The Atmosphere)
For Class X (Science Group)

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Tick the correct answer from the following:
1. Second highest layer of Earth's atmosphere is:
a) stratosphere
b) mesosphere
c) troposphere
d) thermosphere ✔

2. Aeroplanes fly in:
a) troposphere ✔
b) stratosphere
c) mesosphere
d) thermosphere

3. Atmospheric pressure decreases with the:
a) increase in longitude
b) decrease in altitude
c) increase in altitude ✔
d) increase in latitude

4. Layer of atmosphere which separates stratosphere and troposphere is known as:
a) tropo-pause ✔
b) mesopause
c) thermopause
d) stratopause

5. Ozone layer is part of:
a) mesosphere
b) stratosphere ✔
c) thermosphere
d) troposphere

6. Which is not part of greenhouse gases?
a) carbon dioxide
b) methane
c) nitrous oxide
d) oxygen ✔

7. Second most abundant constituent of dry air in terms of volume after nitrogen is:
a) nitrogen
b) oxygen ✔
c) carbon dioxide
d) helium

8. Which of the following is the reason of global warming?
a) Presence of sulphite
b) Rise in CO₂ concentration. ✔
c) Oxides of nitrogen d) Formation of ozone

9. The altitude on stratosphere is:
a) 40 to 45 km
b) 50 to 55 km ✔
c) 60 to 65 km
d) 70 to 75 km

10. Ozone is a gas found in the layer:
a) Troposphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Stratosphere ✔
d) Exosphere

More Multiple Choice QuestionsS (MCQs)

11. The earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the:
a) atmosphere ✔
b) weather
c) Exosphere
d) Troposphere

12. The most abundant element in the atmosphere is:
a) oxygen
b) carbon dioxide
c) nitrogen ✔
d) argon

13. The percentage of nitrogen is found in the atmosphere:
a) 60.78%
b) 68.29%
c) 72.68%
d) 78.09% ✔

14. The second most abundant element in the atmosphere is:
a) oxygen ✔
b) carbon dioxide
c) nitrogen
d) argon

15. The percentage of oxygen is found in the atmosphere:
a) 10.99%
b) 13.78%
c) 20.95% ✔
d) 27.89%

16. The Earths atmosphere is divided up into ______ major layers.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5 ✔
d) 6

17. With respect to earth surface, the earth's atmospheric layers are classified on the bases of:
a) temperature
b) density
c) Both 'a' & 'b' ✔
d) None of them

18. The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere is:
a) stratosphere
b) mesosphere
c) troposphere ✔
d) thermosphere

19. Troposphere altitudes varies from about:
a) 9 to 17 km ✔
b) 12 to 19 km
c) 17 to 23 km
d) 21 to 27 km

20. Weather in this layer affects our daily life.
a) Thermosphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Troposphere ✔
d) Mesosphere

21. Around 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is in the:
a) Stratosphere
b) Thermosphere
c) Exosphere
d) Troposphere ✔

22. It is the second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.
a) Thermosphere
b) Stratosphere ✔
c) Troposphere
d) Mesosphere

23. The higher the altitude the _______ is the atmosphere.
a) warm
b) hotter ✔
c) cold
d) freezing

24. Weather balloons go as high as the:
a) Stratosphere ✔
b) Thermosphere
c) Exosphere
d) Troposphere

25. The waste or exhaust products produced by the burning of fossil fuels and organic materials are referred to as:
a) primary pollutants ✔
b) secondary pollutants
c) Both 'a' & 'b'
d) None of them

26. Which one of the following is a primary pollutant?
a) Sulphuric acid
b) Carbonic acid
c) Ammonia ✔
d) Peroxy acetyl nitrate

27. Which one of the following is a secondary pollutant?
a) Carbon oxides
b) Sulphur oxide
c) Hydrocarbons
d) Hydrofluoric acid ✔

28. It causes the production of smog.
a) Sulphur dioxide
b) Carbon monoxide ✔
c) Nitrogen Oxides
d) Ozone

29. Key contributor to the creation of acid rain is:
a) Sulphur dioxide ✔
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Nitrogen Oxides
d) Ozone

30. Above the earth's surface, ozone layer is found roughly:
a) 10 to 20 km
b) 25 to 30 km ✔
c) 35 to 40 km
d) 45 to 60 km

31. It is a major contributor to ozone depletion.
a) CO₂
b) Smoke
c) CFC ✔
d) SO₂

Fill In The Blanks

1.The earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere.
2. The earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen (78.09%) and oxygen (20.95%), with small amounts of argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), water vapors, and other gases.
3. The Earth's atmosphere is divided into 5 major layers, namely: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere.
4. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.
5. Major air pollutants are Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, particulate matter and greenhouse gases.
6. Acid rain is the precipitation of acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.
7. Ozone is a gas majorly found in the lower stratosphere consisting of three oxygen atoms O₃.
8. The major causes of ozone depletion are CFCs.
9. The greenhouse effect is a warming of Earth's surface and the air above it.

Elements and Compunds With Formulas

Elements With Symbols

• Aluminium = Al
• Argon = Ar
• Carbon = C
• Chlorine = Cl
• Chromium = Cr
• Fluorine = F
• Helium = He
• Krypton = Kr
• Lead = Pb
• Mercury = Hg
• Neon = Ne
• Nitrogen = N ⇒
• Oxygen = O
• Sulphur = S
• Xenon = Xe

Compounds With Formulas

• Calcium Carbonate (Limestone) = CaCO₃
• Calcium hydroxide (Slaked lime) = Ca(OH)₂
• Carbon dioxide = CO₂
• Carbon monoxide = CO
• Carbonic acid = H₂CO₃
• Chlorofluorocarbons = CFCs
• Hexafluoroethane = CF₆
• Hydrofluoric acid = HF
• Hydrogen peroxide = H₂O₂
• Methane = CH₄
• Nitrate ion = NO₃^-1
• Nitric acid = HNO₃
• Nitric Oxide = NO
• Nitrogen dioxide = NO₂
• Nitrogen per oxide = N₂O
• Nitrous acid = HNO₂
• Ozone = O₃
• Peroxy acetyl nitrate = PAN
• Glucose = C₆H₁₂O₆
• Sulphate ion = SO₄^-2
• Sulfur (Sulphur) dioxide = SO₂
• Sulphur trioxide = SO₃
• Sulphuric acid = H₂SO₄
• Trichlorofluoromethane = CFCl₃
• Water = H2₂O

Abbreviations

• UV = Ultraviolet Light
• VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds

Concept Map