Technological Revolution - English (Compulsory) For Class XI - Text Book Exercise - Unit 4.1 (Exercise1-6)

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Unit-04: TECHNOLOGY SMART & TECH SAVVY
Unit 4.1: Reading Comprehension
Technological Revolution

Source: Adapted from "Digital Quality of Life" Understanding the Personal & Social Benefits of the Information Technology Revolution Robert D. Atkinson & Daniel D. Castro.

Pre Reading

1. What does this picture show? Think for a minute and write the names of devices.
Ans: The picture shows the following electronic devices:
Modem, Webcam, Microphone. Smart Phone, Remote Control, Wireless Charger, Bluetooth Speaker, Wireless Mic. Selfie Stick, Mobile Cover, Mobile Stand, Mobile Box and Digital Watch.

2: How has technology evolved over the period of time?
Ans: Over the period of time, pace of communication has enhanced amazingly. Today, many of our inventions are focussed on creating faster ways of communication with each other and in the process, we are creating more data than humans can comprehend. A new tool, artificial intelligence, is now emerging at the nexus of all this.

3: List the technologies recently discovered/invented.
Ans: Robotics. Advancements in automation, AI, 3D printing, VPN, Video conferencing, Biometrics. 6g Cellular Communication, etc.

While Reading

EXERCISE 1:
Work in pairs and deduce the meaning of words given in column A and write their contextual meaning in column B. Share with your partner after you have completed it

S.NO.	Words	Meanings
1.	Innovation	A new method; New ideas; New product, etc; Invention; Bring something new / جدت، اختراع، ایجاد
2.	Optimists	Someone who is hopeful; Someone who always believes that good things will happen; Positive thinker; One looks at the bright side / امید پرست رجاعیت پسند، پر امید
3.	Manipulate	Handle or control (a tool, mechanism, information, etc.) in a skilful manner; Operate; Handling; Control; To use someone for own purpose / کار ستانی، کسی کام کو ہنرمندی، سلیقے، اور خوش اسلوبی سے کَرنا
4.	Heralded	To announce or signal that something is approaching; Indicate; Signal / Received / اعلان کرنا، پیغام دینا، خبر دینے والا، نقیب، استقبال کیا، ساتھ آیا
5.	Hazards	Dangers or risk; Jeopardize / خطرہ
6.	Hurricanes	A storm with a violent wind; Extremely violent storm; Rainstorm / سمندری طوفان، تیز آندھی، بارش کا طوفان
7.	Profilated	Increase rapidly in number; Multiply; Increasing rapidly / بڑھنا، اضافہ
8.	Impending	About to happen; forthcoming; Unpleasanr Things; About to occur; Imminent / ناخوشگوار بات جو ہونے والی ہو
9.	Calamities	Disaster; Catastrophe; Tragedy; Great loss; Sudden damage / آفت، تباہی، سانحہ، المیہ
10.	Lessen	Make or become less; Lower the amount; Smaller; diminish; Reduce; Decreases / کم کرنا، گھٹانا

EXERCISE 2:
Read the text carefully. There are certain words that are related to the word 'Tele' means 'far'. First, underline these words in the texts and then write a description of these words. An example has been given for you.

Example:
Tele + phone: Telephone
Meaning: A device used for speaking to distant places by means of electrical signals.

1. Tele + com: Telecom (Telecommunication)
Meaning: Telecommunications also known as telecom, is the exchange of Information over significant distances by electronic means and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission.

2. Tele + presence: Telepresence
Meaning: A sensation of being elsewhere, created by virtual reality technology.

OR

Technology that enables a person to perform actions in a distant or virtual location as if physically present in that location.

3. Tele + vision: Television
Meaning: Television is a system of sending pictures and sounds by electrical signals over a distance so that people can receive them on a television in their homes.

4. Tele + pointer: Telepointer
Meaning: A cursor is used to mark the point on a screen display at which the presenter is pointing.

OR

Telepointer is a powerful tool in the telemedicine system that enhances the effectiveness of long-distance communication. Telepointer has been tested in telemedicine, and has potential to a big influence in improving quality of health care, especially in the rural area. A telepointer system works by sending additional information in the form of gesture that can convey more accurate instruction or information.

5. Tele + school: Tele-school
Meaning: A school where students are taught remotely.

OR

An education in which the students receive instruction over the Internet, from a video, etc., instead of going to school.

Tele + medicine: Telemedicine
Meaning: The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients using telecommunications technology.

6. Tele + work: Telework
Meaning: The activity of working at home, while communicating with your office by phone or email, or using the internet.

OR

Work from home, making use of the internet, email, and the telephone.

7. Tele + marketing: Telemarketing
Meaning: The direct marketing of goods or services to potential customers over the telephone, internet, etc.

OR

Tele marketing is the process of selling products or services over the telephone.

EXERCISE 3:
Read the statements and encircle the correct option
1. Digital revolution mainly depends on _____.
a) Physical nature
b) Improved life
c) Hardware innovations ✔
d) Integrated Circuit

2. During World War-II transmission of information was in _____.
a) Material
b) Analogue ✔
c) Electric
d) Catalogue

3. _____ is the technological option to work in dangerous situation.
a) Telephone
b) Telecom
c) Telepresence ✔
d) Television

4. It is technology that people get things better according to their _____.
a) Market demand
b) Environment
c) Needs ✔
d) Work

5. E-learning can only be possible through _____.
a) Portal
b) Internet ✔
c) smart adaptation
d) Innovation system

6. People get information through _____ to help them better understand a medical condition.
a) Internet
b) Integrated apps0
c) Telemedicine ✔
d) Visual images

7. Bits used to record or transmit information in _____ form.
a) Binary
b) Digital ✔
c) Analogue
d) Logical

8. _____ is an example of a hydrological disaster.
a) Earthquake
b) Hurricane
c) Floods ✔
d) Wild life

9. _____ technology assesses environmental changes and disease predictions.
a) remote sensing ✔
b) Satellite
c) Circuit
d) Visual images

10. A bulk of population at disaster risk may be located by _____.
a) Telecom
b) Satellite image ✔s
c) actuators
d) Smart phones

EXERCISE 4:
Work individually. Read the text again and mark (✔) for true, and (X) for false against each statement given below.

NO.	Statement	Answer
1.	Use of technology can be harmful to our environment.	X
2.	First use of technology was related to waves	✔
3.	During World War II, the use of technology was not familiar.	✔
4.	All the devices-may function with the traditional type.	X
5.	An e-learning can only be possible without the internet.	X
6.	People can also purchase and sell things via the internet.	✔
7.	Renewable things are those which cannot be utilized again.	X
8.	Telework and telepresence are the internet ways to work in a hazardous situation.	X

Post Reading

EXERCISE 5:
Read the text and answer the following questions:
1. What do you mean by technological revolution?
Ans: The phrase 'technological revolution' refers to the change and deqlopment brought about by series of technological progress characterized by new innovations. Their rapid application and diffusion can bring an abrupt change in society.

OR

Ans: Technological revolution is the driving force of both economic growth and improved quality of life. It is the driving innovation and enabling billions of people to live safer and better lives. Previously we had Guttenberg's model of telephone and mobile but now due to technological revolution we have much better types of phones then that of those.

OR

Ans: A technological revolution is a period in which one or more technologies rapidly supersede older ones. It is a period of rapid technological advancement defined by new inventions, whose quick application and spread often result in a significant shift in society.

2. Why did innovation information remain scarce at the time of World War II?
Ans: At the time of World War II, many innovation information remained scarce. The reason was that the processing of information relied on "atoms" to record or transmit information in analog form rather than the "bits" (binary digits of '1s' for on and '0s' for off) used to' record or transmit information in digital form.

OR

Ans: During the time of world War-II information remained limited and hard to use and transmit because processing of information relied on "atoms" to record or transmit information in analog forms rather than the "bits" used to record or transmit the information.

OR

Ans: Many advancements emerged after WW II, but the information remained scarce and difficult to utilize and transfer. The reason for this was that Information processing depended on 'atoms' to records and transmit information in analogue form rather than 'bits' (binary digits of '1s' for on and '0s' for off) to record or transmit Information in digital form.

3. How is the technology boon for students?
Ans: Technology is boon for students with many perspectives like: Tele school is the technology that enables students to study at home, they have no need to go school or university. Flexible online classes give students access to education that would never have been possible before the internet.

OR

Ans: Technology is a boon for the students. It has provided a vast platform for learners to explore their skills and potential. It has also helped the students to overcome their fear, arrogance, reluctance and shyness. This enhances students' confidence level. The students can also learn from tele-school. It exhibits new ways of exploration to enable all to have a knowlrdge of innumrable things. All the things are possible because of technological revolution.

OR

Ans: Technology is a boon for students because it can help students to make lessons fun, interesting and more effective. Using technology reduces the workload and helps students to understand the subject better. Essentially it is also driving the way that teachers teach and students learn. Technology provides students with easy-to-access information, accelerated learning, and fun oportunities to practice what they learn. It enables students to explore new subjects and deepen their understanding of difficult concepts.

4. What are the benefits of E-commerce in today's world?
Ans: E-commerce opens new vistas of learning trade, commerce and industry. Today, technological revolution is giving people a wide variety of choices, enabling them to get the kinds of products and services that fit their needs. Tele work and telemarketing have given people the chance to move beyond the limits. E-commerce lets people buy a vast array of goods and services ices that previously might have been difficult to find at local stores.

OR

Ans: Today's technological revolution provides individual with a plethora of options, allowing them to obtain the items and services that best suit their requirements, Telework and telemarketing have enabled people to push their boundaries. E-commerce allows customers to purchase a wide range of items and services that were previously difficult to get in local retailers.

OR

Ans: E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods or services via the internet, and the transfer of money and data to complete the sales. It's also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce.

Some of the biggest benefits of e-commerce:
i- Convenience: Online commerce makes purchases simpler, faster, and less time-consuming, allowing for 24-hour sales, quick delivery, and easy returns.
Personalization and customer experience: E-commerce marketplaces can create rich user profiles that allow them to personalize the products offered and make suggestions for other products that they might find interesting. This improves the customer experience by making shoppers feel understood on a personal level, increasing the odds of brand loyalty.

ii- Global marketplace: Customers from around the world can easily shop e-commerce sites — companies are no longer restricted by geography or physical barriers.
Minimized expenses: Since brick and mortar is no longer required, digital sellers can launch online stores with minimal startup and operating costs.

5. How does technology work in environmentally risky areas?
Ans: The remote sensing technology could monitor environmental changes and disease predictions. The satellite images, aerial photographs, and on-the-ground inspections can be used to locate populations in dangerous or environmentally unstable places and determine how to respond after disaster strikes. Though technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemics; however it can help prevent the spread, educate, warn, and empower those on the ground to be aware of the situation and noticeably lessen the impact.

OR

Ans: Technology is so much helpful in environmental risk areas. The remote sensing technology could monitor environmental changes and disease predictions. The satellite images, aerial photographs and on-the-ground inspections can be used to locate population in dangerous or environmentally unstable places and determine how to respond after disease strikes.

OR

Ans: Satellite photos, aerial photography, and on-the-ground inspections can be unitilized to find people in risky or ecologically unstable areas, as well as to assess how to respond once a disaster occurs. Though technology cannot prevent pandemics from occuring, it may assist to limit their spread, educate, alert and empower people on the ground to be aware of the situation, and significantly minimize their impact.

6. How has technology greatly supported doctors & medical practitioners?
Ans: Development in diagnostic system has enabled doctors to find the safest way of treating patients. Technology has greatly supported doctors and medical practitioners to informations and the treatment of any disease. It has helped improved medical care by making it easier for doctors to provide evidence-based medicine. People also get information through telemedicine to help them better understand a medical condition in order to take early care.

OR

Ans: Technology has helped improved medical care by making it easier for doctors to provide and evidence-based medicine. people get information through Telemedicine to help them better understand a medical condition.

OR

Ans: Today, doctors and nurses use handheld devices to record patients' real-time data and instantly update their medical history. This makes more accurate and more efficientt diagnoses and treatments.
Centralization of critical patient data and lab results has improved the quality of healthcare. With remote monitoring technology, patients can easily access and consult a doctor in the comfort of their homes. This saves a lot of time and money. The doctor can remotely monitor a particular issue.
Technology has helped improve medical care by making it easier for doctors to provide evidence-based medicine.

7. How does technology secure humans from calamities?
Ans: Epidemic, Pandemics or other hazards have threatened the human race many times. The outbreaks of these calamities left enormous burden on our lives, economies and societies at large. In such scenario technologies enable secure access to data, enterprise applications, virtual meetings and cloud conferencing. Smart cities could be made and equipped with some sort of devices which include sensors, processors, wearables, electronics, software, actuators, vehicles, cell phones and computers.

OR

Ans: Epidemics, pandemics or other hazards have threatened the human race time and again. The outbreaks of these calamities left enormous burdens on our lives. economies, and societies at large. In such a scenario, technologies enable secure access to data, enterprise applications, virtual meetings and cloud conferencing. Smart cities could be made and equipped with some sorts of devices which include sensors, processors, wearable, electronics, software, actuators, vehicles, cell phones and computers. The remote sensing technology could monitor environmental changes and disease predictions. The satellite images, aerial photographs, and on-the-ground inspections, can be used to locate populations in dangerous or environmentally unstable places and determine how to respond after a disaster has struck. Though technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemics; but it can herald the proper way of curing ailments and saving sufferers from dangerous upheavels.

OR

Ans: Epidemic, pandemics, and other hazards have often endangered the human species. The breakouts of these disaster imposed immense costs on our lives, economy, and communities as a whole.
Technologies offer safe access to data, business applications, virtual meetings, and cloud conferencing in such a circumstance. Smart cities can be built and outfitted with various technologies such as sensors, processor, wearables, electronics, software. actuators, automobiles, cell phones, and computers. Remote sensing technologies might be used to monitor environmental changes and anticipate disease outbreaks. Satellite photos, aerial photography, and on-the-grourd inspections will be utilized to find people in risky or ecologically unstable areas, as well as to assess how to reponds once a disaster occurs. Though technology cannot prevent pandemics from occuring, it can assist prevent their spread.

8. How people have opinion that youngsters are not safe in the technological era.? Give reasons for your agreement or disagreement.
Ans: I do not agree to the idea that youngsters are not safe in the technological era. No doubt, there are some negative impacts of the new technology. As the overuse of the net causes the following effects:

• Lower attention span...
• Increased risk and lack of privacy...
• Risk of depression...
• Obesity...
• Falling grades...
• Bullying...
• Social interaction issues...

It is because of misuse and excessive use of the technology. If the youngsters are prudent users, they will not find the internet harmful for them.

OR

Ans: Digital technologies have profoundly changed childhood and adolescence. The internet and the means to access it, such as tablets and smartphones, along with social media platforms and messaging apps, have become integral to the lives of youth around the world.
Along with the substantial opportunities the digital age brings, there is a diverse range of risks and harms.

1. Cyberbullying: This is when people use technology to embarrass, harass or bully someone. Cyberbullying ran include posting mean or untrue statements, making fake online profiles intended to embarrass people, sharing embarrassing photos, and more.
2. Trolling: This is when people deliberately try to start arguments or to upset people on the internet, often causing considerable distress.
3. Isolation: Too moth time spent online and using technology is time not spent face-to-face with family and friends, which can create barriers and contribute to a sense of isolation.
4. Inappropriate Materials: Teenagers posting inappropriate pictures or content online, to sharing such materials with friends, may humiliate themselves or others.
5. Inappropriate Relationship: Strangers or others may try to form inappropriate relationships with young people.
6. The effect of the content children encounter online should be a focus of future students. Some websites and apps present a risk to the health of vulnerable youth, such as those that promote self-harm, suicide, anorexia. Others support underage activities, such as gambling.

9. Which technology innovation has impacted you profoundly and how?
Ans: Almost all new technological innovations have impacted me profoundly. But the most of all is Printing Press. I am an ardent lover of reading books. I use to print out all materials which I get from the internet. I find it difficult to read the books on the net. So, firstly I take the print of the books, then I start to read and gain ample knowledge. It has really changed my way of living.

OR

Ans: Smartphone technology and its innovations have impacted me profoundly. The majority of us have a smartphone and regularly use it to surf online. Not only can we send texts and emails and make calls, we also have access to a full range of computer capabilities. In other words, anything we can do on a computer, we can perform on a smartphone. Plus, costs have come down so much that a standard device is within reach of most customers. We check social media apps such as Facebook with alarming regularity; it would be unsurprising if the most obscure use for smartphones nowadays is the standard telephone call.

10. How did technoIogy contribute in keeping peoples' lives safe during the recent pandemic or disaster?
Ans: Though technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemics; however, it can help prevent the spread, educate, warn, and empower those on-the-ground to be aware of the situation, and noticeably lessen the impact.

OR

Ans: Though technology cannot prevent pandemics from occurring, it may assist to limit their spread, educate, alert and empower people on the ground to be aware of the situation, and significantly minimize their impact.

EXERCISE 6:
Though technology has many advantages to ease living, it has some disadvantages too. Now work in groups. First, make outlines related to only disadvantages of technology, and then expand each outline in short paragraphs.
Ans: DISADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY:

1. Negative impact on the studies.
2. Fraudulent companies cheating people.
3. Lack of quality communication.
4. Effects on physical mental and psychological disorders.
5. Help to increase the crime rate.

1. Negative impact on the studies:
The injudicious and excessive use of the technology often results in persistent incomplete school assignments, tardy work, and a poor academic performance. Moreover, when a lot of pending work gets piled up, students often resort to online websites and use cut and paste options.

2. Fraudulent companies cheating people:
With regard to business, while the social media has facilitated online business and promotion of skills and talents, one may get cheated by fake virtual companies and organizations. Hence, despite innumerable benefits of online business, it may be misused by fraudulent companies. People may suffer financial loss by paying for goods that may be of poor quality.

3. Lack of quality communication:
Humans are social animals, and for strengthening social bonds, physical sharing of moments of joy and grief is important. Increased time on the social media has limited face-to-face communication and compromised relationships. People are spending more and more time on the social media, which has caused a significant deterioration in the frequency and quality of close, one-to-one communication between both immediate and the extended family members who occupy an important place in the Pakistani family structure. While social networks enable interaction with a large number of people, in a short span of time, these interactions are shallow cannot adequately replace everyday face-to-face communication. This lack of quality communication can weaken relationships that may, in turn, have damaging consequences.

4. Effects of physical, mental and psychological disorder:
Impact on physical health, mental and psychological disorder is another major area of concern. When the social media is used disproportionately, the users constantly remain deskbound or limited to the comfort of the couch or a bed. This excessive use causes obesity. It causes major health problems. It also leaves negative impacts on mentality and psychology of a man. A man becomes jealous of other people's success. A selfie trend can also affect the psychology of people.

5. Helps to increase the crime ratio:
It also helps those who are of criminal mind. They keep in contact while committing any crime.

OR

Ans: Regardless of how far technological advancement and how convenient digital technology can be this level of success comes with many disadvantages.
Disadvantages Of Technology On Privacy, Security, And Information:

1. Too much data is being circulated, and not all companies take full responsibilities for handling user data - this leads to many data breaches and privacy issues.
2. Anonymity, split personalities, and fake personas.
3. Technology and access to Information in a central location have given rise to new kinds of crimes and terrorism.

Risk OF Technology Associated With Lifestyles And Social Behaviours:

1. Reliance on technology has increased social anxiety, where people are more comfortable communicating with others through messages and chat apps but not physically.
2. Too much content, gaming, and indoor activities have impacted how people live their lives in turn leading to high obesity rates, more health issues, crud new kinds of addictions.
3. Over dependence on gadgets.
4. Our attention spans are dropping the average attention span of humans, recently dropped to 8 sec from 12 sec in the last few years. Companies like Facebook anct Snapchat argue that a 2 sec/ 3 sec video watch time should be considered a "valid" view because attentions spans on their platforms are very less.
5. Family distancing -- people in the same room don't talk to each other but only to their devices.
6. Social isolation and loneliness.
7. Laziness and lives of convenience.
8. Technology is wiping out contentment - where everyone a runnel towards acquring more, and not being grateful for what they possess.
9. Virtual experiences are taking preference of real physical experiences - with technological advancements, we are moving into an era where we will forget to decipher, between what is real and what is unreal.

Negative Impact of Technology on Work Life:

1. A large part of the workforce gets replaced with new technology causing unemployment in some cases (computers was a term that referred to job titles that people possessed.
2. With people carrying their work laptops home, and checking work emails at home while sleeping when waking up, and in the bathroom, there is a gap left between family and work life.
3. Too much information but no knowledge, people browse through thousands of news items every day, but none of it is retained to a point where it becomes knowledge.

Technology And Its Hazard:

1. More accidents on the roads due to accessibility of vehicles and ease of movements.
2. Nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction are at a point where they can wipe out humanity if a global conflict escalates to a point of no return.
3. Commercial production of food, and daily household items, is causing many health problems and creating sick and weak workers always in need of the healthcare system.
4. The industrial age has led us to climate hazards, global warming and a polluted environment.

OR

Ans: Disadvantages Of Technology:

• Unemployment
• Data security
• People get distracted easily
• Health issues
• People get involved in seeing unwanted things
• Addiction

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