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Class IX (Science)
Chemistry SolvedModel paper 2023
Solved By Sir Wasim Ahmad
SOLVED MODEL PAPER
Saturday 18 February 2023
Chemistry (علم کیمیاء) For Class IX (Science) - Solved Model Paper 2023- By BSEK - Solved By Sir Wasim Ahmad
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Solved By Sir Wasim AhmadSOLVED MODEL PAPER
English Paper I For Class IX (Science) - Solved Model Paper 2023- By BSEK
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Class IX (Science)
English Paper I - Model paper 2023
BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION KARACHI
ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) PAPER-I CLASS IX (SCIENCE GROUP)
SECTION "B" (40%)SHORT ANSWER-QUESTIONS (40 Marks)
Q.2: Answer any 5 of the question in two or three sentence each. (10 Marks)
1. Why is Shah Latif called the 'Saint of Bhit'?
Ans: A mound of sand is called 'Bhit' in Sindhi language. After his father's and wife's death, Shah Latif left his home and passed the rest of his life on a mound, which was near his village. Shah is thus called the 'Saint of Bhit' or 'Bhitai'.
2. What did Jameel want to be and why Why was he upset?
Ans: Jameel wanted to become a doctor but he was upset because he there was no college in his village or surrounding villages and he was worried about continuing his studies.
3. What is the main theme of the poem "A Child's Invocation"
Ans: Poet Reference:
The Poem " A Child's Invocation" is written by the poet of the east SIR MUHAMMAD ALLAMA IQBAL, and it is translated in English by professor G.R. Malik
Theme OR Central Idea Of The Poem:
This poem is about the pious and virtual wishes of the child. In the poem, the child prayers to Almighty for fulfill his wishes, so that he could serve the nation and helped the needy.
OR
The poem is about the pious and virtual wishes of the child. He wants to serve the nation and help the needy. The poem is all about the wishes and prayer of the child.
OR
The poem's central idea is the prayer that a child makes for protection against evils and to make him a pious and virtuous individual.
4. Why did Quaid-e-Azam leave the congress?
Ans: Quaid-e-Azam left the Indian National Congress because as an outstanding political leader, he very soon realized that the Indian National Congress was leading the Hindus of the sub-continent towards Hindu-Muslim polarization. This would result in political and economic victimization of the Muslims in the region. Therefore, he decided to leave the Congress and join the Muslim League.
5. Do you agree / think we should build bridges in our country? Support your answer by providing two reasons?
Ans: I think we should build more barrages than bridges in our country because:
Reasons:
i) Bridges are very useful for transportation but in the current situation we need more barrages to overcome the water shortage.
ii) By building barrages, hold or retain rain water in monsoon or rainy season, floods can be avoided and retained water can be used throughout the year for growing food. By doing so, we will take the country towards development.
6. How is the immune system affected through dengue? Ans: Once the dengue virus enters the body it circulates around the body, attacking white blood cells and other antibodies, thus affecting the immune system.
7. Who was the miller? What was he singing about?
Ans: A miller is a man who runs a mill. The miller dwell beside the river Dee and was always singing that he envies nobody and nobody envies him.
Q.3 Do as directed. (as instructed in the bracket) (20 Marks)
i) (Use Preposition)
a. He requested his friend to shut the door.
b. You must take care of your luggage.
ii) (Use Article)
a. This is the fastest car of the world.
b. I want an apple for breakfast.
iii) (Change the voice) a. You are playing cricket. . _ b. The Carpenter makes a beautiful dressing table. c. Will he convey my important message to his friend? iv) (Change the Narration) a. She says to them, "Why are you making a noise?" b. He said "Fish cannot live without water." c. They exclaimed that those mangoes were very sweet. d. We said to him "Did you find any stranger here in this compound?" v) Formation of Sentences (change the following sentences as suggested in the bracket) a. Does Aslam run fast? (change into assertive) b. The doctor has advised him to take rest. (change into future perfect ) c. Has it been drizzling since noon? (change into present simple) d. You can get good marks. (change into interrogative) e. I have so many oranges. (change into negative) f. Now it is my tum said he to them (punctuate) vi. Write correct form of the VERB given in bracket. a. We will go to picnic, if it (rain). b. If he (work) hard, he would get good results. vii. Add PREFIX to a. Patient
Tuesday 14 February 2023
Monday 13 February 2023
Accounting Paper I - For Class XI (Commerce Group) - Board Paper 2022 (Supplementary)
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Class XI (Commerce)
Accounting I - Supplementary 2022
Saturday 11 February 2023
Accounting Paper II - For Class XII (Commerce Group) - Board Paper 2022 (Supplementary)
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Class XII (Commerce)
Accounting II
Board Paper 2022 (Supplementary)
Botany Paper II - For Class XII (Science Group) - Board Paper 2022 (Supplementary / Special)
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Botany II
Class XII (Science)
Board Paper 2022 (Supplementary)
Special Thanks To Pak Education News here
Thursday 9 February 2023
The Character Of Happy Life - English (Compulsory) For HSC Part 1 - Text Book Exercise & Questions And Answers
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Poem 1: The Character Of A Happy Life.
By Sir Henry Wotton
Text Book Exercise
By Ustani G(YouTube Channel)
(Prepared By Sir Mukhtiar Ahmed RTS Ghotki)
Pre-Reading:
1. What is happiness?Ans: Happiness is a collection of honesty, humbleness and truthfulness. A happy person heart is free from hatred. He has lovable personality with positive thoughts.
2. Write briefly in the boxes the things / ideas that make you happy?
Exercise 1:
Column A has words from the poem, underline these words in the poem. Column B has the contextual meanings of these words, but they are jumbled up. Work in pairs. Try and match the appropriate meaning of each word, and write your answer in Column C. Share your work with your partner after you have completed.| S.No | Column A |
- | Column B |
Column C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Passions | A | Unverified or doubtful information. | 1H |
| 2. | Armor | B | Move back | 2D |
| 3. | Rumors | C | Jealous | 3A |
| 4. | Conscience | D | A metallic covering to protect from attack. | 4E |
| 5. | Retreat | E | Moral sense of right and wrong. | 5B |
| 6. | Servile bands | F | destruction | 6G |
| 7. | Envy | G | Slavish bonds | 7C |
| 8. | Ruin | H | strong emotions | 8F |
Exercise 2:
Work in pairs and read the above poem again. Comprehend it thoroughly and paraphrase it in simple words. After you have completed, share it with your partner. The stanza 1 is paraphrased for you as an example.
Stanza 1:
In the first stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man does not rely on others. He does not work according to others' will. He is neither a slave nor needs any weapon to protect himself. His honesty is his only weapon. He believes in simple truth of life. This simple truth is his reliable skill.
Stanza 2:
In the second stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that how a happy man should regard his passions. They shouldn’t be his masters. He should be the master of his passions or emotions. He should Control the passionate life. Further he says that a truly happy man does not aspire for the love of the worldly fame. He also does not care for the criticism against him in his absence. He always remains ready for the imminent death.
Stanza 3:
In the third stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is neither jealous of those who are best owed success by chance, nor does he envy those who achieve success by adopting unfair or wicked means. He is happy with what does he has. He knows that false praise always brings deep wounds that are very difficult to heal. So he never be happy with an praise. Moreover, he follows the rules of goodness and does adopt the rules of Politics in his life.
Stanza 4:
In the fourth stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is free from rumours. He neither tries to come into contact with those who spread the rumours nor influenced by them. He always listen to the voice of conscience and is guided by it. He possesses a well-balanced mind. Neither flattery nor the fear of ruin can change the state of his mind. He remains firm in every situation of life.
Stanza 5:
In the fifth stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man always prays to God every day early in the morning and late in the evening in order to lead a happy life. He does so to obtain the grace of God rather to worldly fame. He enjoys free time by reading the holy books and giving time to his friends. He avoids to harm or to backbite in his free time.
Stanza 6:
In the sixth and last stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man lives a life free of slavery. He is independent in his thought and action. He is free from all kinds of hopes and fears. He does not feel over joyed by his achievement, no does he get hurt by failure. He possess a self-controlled life. Though he does not have any property, even he enjoys the life of a king because he is the emperor of his own life. So he does not have any material property but he is rich in spiritualism.
Exercise 3:
Read the poem again and encircle the right option.
1. The strong retreat for a happy man is his ______.
a. Heart
b. Though
c. Mind
d. Conscience ✔
2. According to the poet, a happy man cares much about _____.
a. Worldly needs
b. Material uplift
c. Character ✔
d. Finance
3. A happy man's armor is his _____ thought:
a. Clever
b. Honest ✔
c. Deep
d. Lofty
4. A happy man's days are _____.
a. Joyful
b. Carefree
c. Harmless ✔
d. Playful
5. ____ is the utmost skill of an honest man.
a. Truth ✔
b. Honesty
c. Simplicity
d. Wisdom
6. A happy man does not serve another's ______.
a. Order
b. Direction
c. Wish
d. Will ✔
7. A happy man's soul is always prepared for ______.
a. Exams
b. Fight
c. Quarrel
d. Death ✔
8. According to the poet, the deepest wounds are always given by _____.
a. Back-biting
b. Praise ✔
c. Trust
d. Friendship
Exercise 4:
Work is pairs and pick out the line(s) from 'The Character of a Happy Life' in which the poet has identified each of the following characteristics of a happy men. Write their corresponding character against each quality in the table given below. Once you have completed, compare you work with your partner.
| No. | Characteristics | Qualities |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | That serveth not another's will. (line No.2) | Independence |
| 2. | Whose armor is his honest thought. (line No.3) | Honesty |
| 3. | And Simple truth is his utmost skill. (line No.4) | Truthfulness |
| 4. | Whose passions not his masters are, (line No.5) | Ambition |
| 5. | Untied unto the world by care of public fame, or private breath. (line No.7 & 8) | Self-control |
| 6. | Who envies none that chance doth raise, (line No.9) | Envy |
| 7. | This man is freed from servile bands Of hope to rise, or fear to fall. (line No.21 & 22) | No greed |
| 8. | Who God doth late or early pray, More of His grace than gifts to lend (line No.17 & 18) | Piety |
Exercise 5:
Read the poem again and answer the following questions.
1. What does the poet mean when he says that happy man does not serve another's will?
Ans: A Happy man does not serve another's will. Here the poet means that a happy man always listens to his heart. He does not act upon the directions given to him by others. He never listens to other while deciding the cases of his life. He is the king of his life.
OR
Ans: It means that a happy man is not bound to obey the orders of the other. He is free from the servitude of others. He is himself is the lord and the master of his will.2. Explain briefly, how Sir Henry Wotton is happy man is 'having nothing yet hath all'?
Ans. The poet wants to say that the happy man is free from all kinds of the worldly restraints. He is contended within his means. He is the master of his will. He has a spiritual power. He has no wealth, land and property, but he has a constant conscience that keeps him happy in condition of life.
OR
Ans: As the happy man is free from all greed, ambitions, possessions, fear of life, loss death. In disregard of worldly things, he has the blessing of God and Company of religious books which provides him enormous spiritual satisfaction then people who live and die for the world and have ally worldly pleasures but their soul starves to death whereas happy man has nothing other world but his healthy and happily survive for ever.
3. What a happy man is taught from his very birth?
Ans: 'Don't follow another's will' is taught to a happy man from his very birth.
OR
Ans: From the very birth he has the courage of speaking truth which is his best skill of life therefore he does not require leavening of applying any art of statecraft for his life and career.4. Write the central idea of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life'.
Ans: The poem "The Character Of A Happy Life" gives us an idea that a happy life is obtained by establishing a character with good qualities of a peaceful life. A person who always speaks the truth, thinks and acts in a free manner and does not care about worldly temptations; but remains thankful, humble and patient within his/her life: truly represents the character of a happy life.
OR
Ans: A happy man is not envious of anybody. He does not seek people's praise. He is not indulged in flattery. He has no passions and ambitions in this world. He does not tell lies.5. Write the rhyming scheme of the poem.
Ans: The rhyming scheme of the poem is. abab, cdcd and efef so on (similar things or etc)
6. What are the sources of happiness other than those mentioned in the poem?
Ans: Other sources of happiness are keep your parents happy. To offer pray deeply.
OR
Ans: The most practical real sources of happy life is good health, education, proper Job and decent living and pollution free peaceful environment.Exercise 6:
Work individually and identify the poetic devices in the poem. Make a list of them and use them in your sentences. Share your work with your class fellows after you have completed.
Ans: The poetic devices used in the poem are given below.
1. Alliteration: (Repetition of same sound words.)
Example: flatters feed, fear and fall.
2. Repetition: (some words are repeated in a line.)
Example: 'rules'
3. Anaphora: (repetition of words but having distances.) Example: 'whose'
4. Eye Rhyme: (In order to maintain the rhyme scheme, the poem uses words that are similar , but are pronounced differently.
Examples: 'are' and care', and 'freed' and 'feed'.
Exercise 7:
Work in pairs and give a critical appreciation of the poem based on the following aspects. After you have written, compare your work with your partner.
- Poetic Diction
- Theme
- Structure
- Language
- Message
Poetic diction is the term used to refer to the language used in poetry. It includes author's word choice, style, the vocabulary, syntax and the uses of figurative of speech in the writing of poetry.
Poetic diction OF the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life':
'The Character Of A Happy Life is simple and straight forward poem. In which Sir Henry Wotton illustrates the qualities of a true and happy person. He utilises several poetic techniques. These include alliteration, repetition and anaphora.- The first, alliteration, occurs when words are used in succession, or at least appear close together, and begin with the same letter. For example, “flatterers feed” in the third line of the fourth stanza and “fear” and “fall” in line two of the sixth stanza.
- Wotton also makes use of repetition or the use and reuse of a specific technique, word, tone or phrase within a poem. In this particular piece, words such as “rules” are repeated.
- Additionally, there is anaphora. This is another kind of repetition. This time of a word or phrase at the beginning of multiple lines, usually in succession. For example, “Whose” in stanza two and stanza four.
2. Theme:
There are two prominent themes in the poem i.e. Freedom and Morality.
- Freedom: He sees freedom–from other’s control,of thought, from emotions, from other’s opinions.
- Morality: He believes that people should strive towards the truth and honesty.
3. Structure:
The Character of a Happy Life’ by Sir Henry Wotton is a six stanza poem that is divided into sets of four lines,known as quatrains.These quatrains follow a simple rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD, and so on. He also uses the poetic devices as repetition, alliteration and anaphora.
4. Language:
Sir Henry Wotton used figurative language in his poem "The character of a happy life". Here are a few examples:
1. "A soul supreme, in each hard instance tried" - Here, the soul is compared to something that has been tested or tried.
2. "The meanest soil, the sweetest flowers will share" - This is an example of a metaphor, where the soil and flowers represent difficult and happy moments in life.
3. "The heart resigned, nor casts a wish behind" - Here, the heart is personified as having the ability to intentionally let go of desires from the past.
OR
Sir Henry Wotton's poem, "The Character of a Happy Life," is a beautiful and well-written piece that explores the ideal characteristics of a happy life. The language used in the poem is simple yet profound, making it easily understandable by most readers.The poem is written in an iambic pentameter, which gives it a rhythmic and fluid quality. Each verse consists of ten syllables and is written in a rhyming couplet format, which adds a musical quality to the poem.
The language used throughout the poem is straightforward and precise. The poet uses allegorical language to describe the ideal traits of a happy life, such as "temperate will, wisdom, and justice fair." Additionally, the poet also uses stark imagery to describe the consequences of a life that lacks these traits, such as "the cloudy mind and restless heart."
The poem's language is heavily influenced by the poet's beliefs and values. It promotes the idea of a balanced and meaningful life, devoid of excess and extremes. The use of words such as "temperate, just, and firm," alludes to the importance of staying grounded and having a moral compass.
In conclusion, the language used in Sir Henry Cotton's poem is clear and precise, with a rhythmic and musical quality. The poem's language adds to its powerful message of promoting balance, temperance, and morality for a happy life.
5. Message:
The Character of a Happy Life' is a simple, straight forward poem in which Sir Henry Wotton sets out the principles of a good life and what a man should avoid at all costs. The poem addresses themes of happiness, joy, simplicity, and religion.
Exercise 8:
Work in groups of three. Compose your own poem on the theme of happiness using elements of poetry based on three stanzas. Each member of the group should compose 1 stanza. After your group has composed the poem, exchange it with other group.
Ans: (Self Work) One poem is written as an example below:
Happiness is treasure
In life's tapestry, joy's vibrant thread I find,A mosaic of moments, precious and kind,
Happiness, a treasure, in every smile's hue,
Let me paint for you a verse, so vivid and true.
In the meadows of laughter, we dance and sing,
With hearts alight, like a bird on the wing,
For happiness dwells in the warmth of a friend,
In their company, our sorrows mend.
Beneath the starry night, where dreams take flight,
In happiness, we find our guiding light,
With love and laughter, our souls take flight,
In this symphony of life, our spirits unite.
So, let us chase happiness, embrace it tight,
In the darkest hours and the sun's warm light,
For it's the heart's song, a universal rhyme,
Happiness, the melody of our lifetime.
OR
The Purest Light of Happiness
Happiness, the sweetest thing,that in our hearts does its blooming,
It brings forth warmth and joy within,
A feeling we all need, where to begin?
A light so bright, it shines on us,
A force that makes us laugh and fuss,
It fills our days with pure delight,
And makes us glow both day and night.
Peace within, love so strong,
Friends and family all along,
Bound by happiness, a common thread,
The love we share, a never-ending spread.
So here we stand, in happiness,
Beside our loved ones, filled with bliss,
With laughter, joy, and a heart so bright,
Our lives engulfed in the purest light.
Exercise 9:
Work individually and explain the following stanzas. Write down your work in the note book and share it with your class fellows after you have completed.
| Stanzas | Lines |
|---|---|
| 1. | How happy ........ utmost skill! |
| 2. | Whose passions ....... or private breath; |
| 3. | Who envies none ....... but rules of good; |
| 4. | Who hath his life .........make opposers great; |
| 5. | Who God doth late ........ book or friend; |
| 6. | This man is freed ......... yet hath all. |
Ans: Stanza 1: How happy ........ utmost skill!
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the first stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man does not rely on others. He does not work according to others' will. He is neither a slave nor needs any weapon to protect himself. His honesty is his only weapon. He believes in simple truth of life. This simple truth is his reliable skill.
Stanza 2: Whose passions ....... or private breath;
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the second stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that how a happy man should regard his passions. They shouldn’t be his masters. He should be the master of his passions or emotions. He should Control the passionate life. Further he says that a truly happy man does not aspire for the love of the worldly fame. He also does not care for the criticism against him in his absence. He always remains ready for the imminent death.
Stanza 3: Who envies none ....... but rules of good;
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the third stanza of the poem 'The Character Of A Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is neither jealous of those who are best owed success by chance, nor does he envy those who achieve success by adopting unfair or wicked means. He is happy with what does he has. He knows that false praise always brings deep wounds that are very difficult to heal. So he never be happy with an praise. Moreover, he follows the rules of goodness and does adopt the rules of Politics in his life.
Stanza 4: Who hath his life .........make opposers great;
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the fourth stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man is free from rumours. He neither tries to come into contact with those who spread the rumours nor influenced by them. He always listen to the voice of conscience and is guided by it. He possesses a well-balanced mind. Neither flattery nor the fear of ruin can change the state of his mind. He remains firm in every situation of life.
Stanza 5: Who God doth late ........ book or friend;
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the fifth stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man always prays to God every day early in the morning and late in the evening in order to lead a happy life. He does so to obtain the grace of God rather to worldly fame. He enjoys free time by reading the holy books and giving time to his friends. He avoids to harm or to backbite in his free time.
Stanza 6: This man is freed ......... yet hath all.
Reference To The Content: The above stanza is taken from the poem "The character of a happy life", written by poet Sir Henry Wotton.
Explanation:
In the sixth and last stanza of the poem 'The Character of a Happy Life ' Sir Henry Wotton says that a happy man lives a life free of slavery. He is independent in his thought and action. He is free from all kinds of hopes and fears. He does not feel over joyed by his achievement, no does he get hurt by failure. He possess a self-controlled life. Though he does not have any property, even he enjoys the life of a king because he is the emperor of his own life. So he does not have any material property but he is rich in spiritualism.
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Tuesday 31 January 2023
Elements Of Poetry - English (Compulsory) For Class XI - Text Book Exercise
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Text Book Exercise
By Ustani G(YouTube Channel)
(Prepared By Sir Mukhtiar Ahmed RTS Ghotki)
Exercise 1:
Answer the following questions. Write down your answers in your notebook, and share it with your class fellows once you have completed.
Q.1: What is meant by rhyme in poetry?
Ans: The same sound at the end of poetic lines is meant rhyme in poetry.
Q.2: What is meter in poetry?
Ans: Meter functions as a means of imposing a specific number of syllables in a line of poetry. It consists of the number of syllables and the pattern of emphasis on those syllables.
Example: Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; -- Keats
Q.3: What are different kinds of stanza?
Ans: Stanza is the division of a poem in a certain number of lines having the same meter,rhyme,and a unifying idea or image. Stanza is identified with a number of lines it contains. Thus, Stanza is of the following kinds.
- A couplet (two lines stanza)
- A Tercet (three lines stanza)
- Quatrain (four lines stanza)
- Quaintain (five lines stanza)
- Sestet (six lines stanza)
- Octave (eight lines stanza)
Q.4: What is a sonnet?
Ans: The word 'sonnet' means little song. A sonnet is a 14-line lyrical poem divided into two stanzas: an octave and a sestet. The sonnet's three main types are the Italian, the English and the Spenserian.
Q.5: What is function of the poetic devices?
Ans.The main function of the poetic devices is to enhance the meaning or mood of the poem.
Exercise 2:
Work in pairs. See the picture below and read the poem of William Wordsworth very carefully and answer the questions. Each pair should write down their answers in their notebooks. After you have completed this exercise, exchange your work with other pairs.
Earth has not anything to show more fair:
Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty:
This City now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky;
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.
Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!
Q.1: What type of poem is it? Explain and justify your answer.
Ans: This is sonnet, a type of short poem in which English literature is extremely rich. This poem name is "The Sonnet Composed Upon the Westminster Bridge" is a nature's poem, which was written by William Wordsworth. This poem reveals the morning nature of London. Wordsworth was the poet of nature. He depicts the natural beauty of the commercial city early in th emorning, when there is every one in deep sleep. He stands on the bridge above the river Thames. From the bridge, he emphasizes the pure nature free from pollution of smoke from ships, mills and other buildings.
Q.2: How many stanzas are there and what are they called?
Ans: There are two stanzas in the poem. They are called Octave (first eight lines) and Sestet (second six lines). Because the poem is a sonnet.
Q.3: Write down the rhyming scheme of the poem?
Ans.The first eight lines rhyming scheme is :ABBA, ACCA. And the next six lines rhyming scheme is: ABABAB.
OR
William Wordsworth uses a difficult rhyme scheme - abbaabbacdcdcd - which confines him only four rhymes in fourteen lines.Exercise 3:
Work individually, read the elements of poetry and find out which of the following statements are correct and incorrect. For correct statements put a tick (✓) and for in correct ones, put a cross (X). After completing, compare your answers with your partner.
| No. | Statement | Correct / Incorrect |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Two lines which rhyme at the end are called a couplet. | (Correct✓) |
| 2. | There is no convenient way of setting out a pattern of rhymes. | (Incorrect X) |
| 3. | Imagery is the use of figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas. | (Incorrect X) |
| 4. | Usually a sonnet is comprised of 14 lines having certain rhyming scheme. | (Correct ✓) |
| 5. | Ballad is expressed for sorrow, grief or death. | (Incorrect X) |
| 6. | A metaphor states explicitly that one thing is like another. | (Correct ✓) |
Exercise 4:
Work in pairs. Read the following examples of various figures of speech and write the name of corresponding figures of speech against each. Once you have completed, share it with your partner.
| No. | Examples | Figures of Speech |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | To enter in the thoughts of desperate men. | Personification |
| 2. | They speak like saints and act like devils. | Simile |
| 3. | How could he be a king, a soldier and a peon? | Anticlimax |
| 4. | How high, his highness holds his haughty head. | Alliteration |
| 5. | What avail me, all my Kingdoms? | Hyperbole |
| 6. | Hasten slowly. | Oxymoron |
| 7. | Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. | Antithesis |
| 8. | Life is a dream. | Metaphor |
| 9. | She was as proud as a peacock. | Simile |
| 10. | More haste, less speed. | Oxymoron |
Exercise 5:
Work individually. Read the following sentences and convert them as directed in the brackets against each. You can add new words in these sentences while converting these. Share your work with your class fellows once you have completed.
1) He is as sober as a judge.(Metaphor)
(Figure of speech in above sentence is Simile)
Ans: He is a sober judge in his life.
2) She was a tower of strength in their trouble.(Simile)
(Figure of speech in above sentence is Metaphor)
Ans: She was as strong as a tower of strength in their trouble.
3) Necessity knows no law. (Oxymoron)
(Figure of speech in above sentence is Personification)
Ans: Extra necessity knows no law.
4) He is the wisest fool of them all.(Personification)
(Figure of speech in above sentence is Oxymoron)
Ans: He is the foolish of them all.
5) The professor's ideas are as old as the hills.(irony)
(Figure of speech of above sentence is Hyperbole)
Ans: The professor's ideas are old to explain lecture.
6) The fire station burned down last night. (Hyperbole)
(Figure of speech of above sentence is Irony)
Ans: The fire station may burned down last night.
Exercise 6:
Most of the figures of speech are very common in ou rdaily use. Work in pairs and collect as many other common examples of above mentioned figures of speech in Exercise 4. Once you have done, display them in front of the class by writing on the charts.
Figure Of Speech With Examples:
1. Personification:
Ans: Examples:
- The sun smiles brightly.
- The stars wink in the sky at night.
2. Simile:
Ans: Example:
- As sweet as honey
- As busy as bee
3. Anticlimax:
Ans: Example
- She is a great writer, a mother and a good humorist.
- He lost his friends, his car and his mobile.
4. Alliteration:
Ans: Example:
- Live long life like a lion.
- Ellen eats everything except eggs.
5. Hyperbole:
Ans: Example:
- He was so mad that he could chew his nails.
- The pen is mightier than the sword.
6. Oxymoron:
Ans: Example:
- Original copy.
- Old news
7. Antithesis:
Ans: Example:
- Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
- To err is human; to forgive divine.
8. Metaphor:
Ans: Example:
- The snow is a white blanket.
- The world is a stage and all men and women are player..
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Sunday 29 January 2023
Elements Of Poetry - English (Compulsory) For Class XI - Introduction : Elements Of Poetry
Go To Index
Introduction : Elements Of Poetry
POETRY:"Poetry is a verbal or written expression of feelings and ideas in an imaginative style with distinctive rhythm, rhyme, and meter."
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
- Line
- Foot
- Meter
- Stanza
- Rhyme
- Rhyming pattern
- Free verse
| Terms | Description |
|---|---|
| Line | Poetry contains lines. The length of a line may be measured in two ways: the number of syllables in it or the number of stresses. Example:
|
| Foot | The foot is a formative measuring unit in poetry that is made up of stressed and unstressed syllables. The combination of feet creates meter in poetry. Later, these meters join for the composition of a complete poem. |
| Meter | Meter functions as a means of imposing a specific number of syllables in a line of poetry. It consists of the number of syllables and the pattern of emphasis on those syllables. The most widely used meter in English poetry is iambic pentameter that is a line or verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable. Example: Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; -- Keats |
| Stanza | Stanza is the division of a poem in a certain number of lines having the same meter, rhyme, and a unifying idea or image. Stanza is identified with a number of lines it contains. Thus, a couplet has two lines, a tercet has three lines, a quatrain has four lines, a quintain has five, a sestet has six lines, a septet has seven, and an octave has eight lines. Example:
|
| Rhyme | It is the same sound at the end of poetic lines. |
| Rhyming pattern | A convenient way of setting out a pattern of rhymes is to write for: (a) the first rhyme, (b) for the second, (c) for the third, and so on. Example:
|
| Free verse | Free verse is a poem that doesn't rhyme and doesn't have a regular rhythm or meter. |
FORMS AND GENRES OF POETRY:
- Lyric
- Sonnet
- Elegy
- Ode
- Ballad
- Epic
- lyrical,
- narrative,and
- descriptive.
| Forms / Genres | Description |
|---|---|
| Lyric | A lyric poem is a short but highly musical verse that conveys powerful feelings. It has rhyme, meter, or other literary devices. |
| Sonnet | The word 'sonnet' means little song. A sonnet is a 14-line lyrical poem divided into two stanzas: an octave and a sestet. The sonnet's three main types are the Italian, the English and the Spenserian. |
| Elegy | Elegy is a lyrical poem expressing sorrow over the death of a loved one. |
| Ode | Ode is also a kind of lyrical poem usually written in the form of an address commonly glorifying an event or individual. |
| Ballad | A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story, usually in four-line stanzas called quatrains. |
| Epic | Epic is a long narrative poem that tells the heroic exploits of a legendary hero. |
POETIC DEVICES AND FIGURES OF SPEECH
- Simile
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Hyperbole
- Alliteration
- Onomatopoeia
- Oxymoron
- Irony
- Symbol
- Imagery
Poetic Devices and Figures of Speech:
Poets use poetic devices and figures of speech in order to enhance the meaning or mood of a poem. Here are some essential poetic devices and figures of speech.
| Poetic Devices/ Figures of Speech | Description |
|---|---|
| Simile | A simile is a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as. Example: The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands. |
| Metaphor | Metaphor is an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things without like or as. Example: The road was a ribbon of moonlight. |
| Personification | Personification gives the qualities of a human to an animal, an object, or an idea. Example: a brave handsome tree fell with a creaking rending cry. |
| Hyperbole | It is an exaggerated statement used to heighten the effect. Example: She's said so on several million occasions. |
| Alliteration | Alliteration is the repeated consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Example: Wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for others to waken. |
| Onomatopoeia | It is the use of words that mimic sounds. Example: Crackle! |
| Oxymoron | It is the contradictory words used together signifying two different but exact ideas. Examples: He is the wisest fool of them all. |
| Irony | It is a situation that means quite opposite to what is apparently said. . Example A post on Facebook complaining how useless Facebook is. |
| Symbol | A symbol is an object that represents something else rather than itself. Example: Ah Sun-flower, weary of time, Who countest the steps of the sun; -- William Blake. |
| Imagery | Imagery is the use of words to create an image or images in the reader's mind based on five senses. Examples: I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills. ---Wordsworth |
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Friday 27 January 2023
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