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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN
Descriptive Question Answers
CONTENTS
- What is meant by Industry?
- National Development.
- Importance of Industrial for National Development.
- Cotton and Sugar Industries in Pakistan.
- Importance and Uses of means Of communication.
- Important Cities Situated on the National High Way.
- Uses of E-commerce.
- Steps for the Industrial Development in Pakistan.
Q.1: What is meant by industry?
Ans: INDUSTRY:
Industry is the work and process involved in making of things with the help of machines in factories. In some industries different commodities are manufactured manually.
Industry means preparation of different commodities from the raw material which are of some utility to human being.
1. OLD CONCEPT OF INDUSTRY:
In the early period of civilization the level of industry was quite low and simple as compared to modem industry. Mostly work was done manually. With the passage of time, new methods, skills and some light machines were introduced and these simple industries develop into modem industries. In the olden period of industry, production was very low and a few workers or skilled people were involved in the factories.
2. MODERN CONCEPT OF INDUSTRY:
In the modern age, concept of an industry has been changed. Now different commodities are made by very skilled people with the help of modern machines. Thousands of workers work in a factory and it is a big sector of production. Different industries have merged into single unit reducing cost of production of commodities due to large scale output.
3. KINDS OF INDUSTRIES:
There are three main kinds of industries.
a) Cottage or Small Industries:
The industries, which are established by the people on very small scale, mostly in homes are called cottage or small industries. Very small investment is involved in these industries but thousands of people work in these industries and a reasonable foreign exchange is earned through cottage industries.
b) Heavy Industry:
The industries which produces different commodities on large scale and mostly they are in public sectors are called heavy industries. Textile, sugar, cement, fertilizers and chemical industries are called heavy industries. Mostly very important products are made in these industries which are largely utilized in the country.
c) Defence Industry:
The industry which manufactures weapons, tools used in different machines and other required machines and vehicles for the armed forces for the defence of the country is called defence industry. Heavy Mechanical Complex, Texila is the same kind of industry.
IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIES:
Industries are very important for the development and prosperity of a country. Without satisfactory industrial progress, the progress in other fields becomes very difficult. This is why, every country pays special attention towards its industrial progress. With the expansion in industrial field, employment opportunities also grow and national income increases specially foreign exchange which is of great importance is earned through the products manufactured in different industries.
CONCLUSION:
Industry means preparation of different commodities from raw materials which are of some utility to human beings.
Industries are very important for the development of any country. Thousand of people get job facilities due to industries.
Industries are the main source of earning foreign exchange, which is vital to every country.
Q.2: Define National Development.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Development means progress in all fields. Economic well being of the people is the first priority of every government. National Development is a term used for the development and progress of the country. It is necessary that all available resources of the country must be utilized for the provision of all facilities to the citizens of the state. National development reflects the strength of human- and natural resources of any country which make the life easy and rich.
1) NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY:
The natural and human resources of a country play great role in the National Development. For National Development all the natural resources must be utilized for the provision of necessities to the people and for the economic well being of the people. This demands sincere efforts from the government. It is the duty of every government that all resources of the country should be utilized fully only for the development of the country.
2) ROLE OF INDUSTRIES FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Industries play leading and most important role for the national development.
Following are the main features of the role of industry for the national development.
a) Development of Education:
Education is very important for the development of any country national development is not possible with out education, An Industrial country can provide better chances of education as compared to an agricultural country.
b) Economic Development:
Through industries exports are increased and in this way economic development of the country is uplifted.
c) Development is Health Facilities:
With the development of industrial sector foreign exchanged is earned which is utilized for building new hospitals and other health facilities.
d) Social Development:
Social development means development of society. For the provision of all needs of society industries play a great role. Through industries national income is increased which is utilized for the social development.
e) Development of Industrial and Agricultural Sectors:
For the formation of new industries foreign exchange in earned through the export of different products of industries. Agricultural development is not possible with out modern agricultural machinery and fertilizer which can be provided only by better economy supported by the industries.
CONCLUSION:
National development is a process of progress in economic and social sectors. All the resources of the country including human resource must be utilized fully for the national development. Industry plays vital role for the national development. Without industrialization, there is no concept of national development. Industrialization is the main factor for national development.
Q.3: What is the importance of industry for National Development?
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
The process of progress and development in economic and social sectors is called the National development. In this process all the resources of the country have been discovered and utilized for the maximum utility of the people. We can say that national development reflects strength of human and natural resources, which make the life rich and easy.
Industries is one of the factors necessary for national development.
ROLE OF' INDUSTRIES FOR THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Industry is one of the leading components for the development of any country. It provides the economic base for the progress of the country. First natural resources of the country are explored and agriculture of the country is uplifted. Agriculture and Minerals provide raw materials for the industry. Industries play leading role for a sound economy.
Industries are important for national development due to the following reasons.
1) SOURCE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:
Industries are the main source of earning foreign exchange which is needed for the economic progress of the country. All the developed states of the world are industrial states.
2) INDUSTRY AND INCREASE IN EXPORTS:
Different commodities are manufactured on large scale to fulfill local and national needs. Many commodities are exported to different countries to meet their requirements and foreign exchange is earned which is used for development projects.
3) PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES:
When any industry is established in a country, hundreds of people work in that industry, in this way employment opportunities are provided to the people to raise the living standard of the people.
4) VALUE OF RAW MATERIAL INCREASED:
When finished goods are manufactures in different industries, the value of raw material is increased, such as cotton as a raw material has less value as compared to cotton yarn and cotton garments.
5) COMFORTS OF LIFE INCREASED:
Today human beings are enjoying different comforts of life like radio, T.V, air conditioner, refrigerator and many other comforts of life only due to industries.
6) STRONG DEFENCE:
Many new weapons are manufactured, in different industries, which are very helpful for the strong defence of the country.
7) POLITICAL STABILITY:
Due to industry, country's economic condition becomes strong which brings political stability and peaceful atmosphere in the country.
8) FOREIGN TRADE ENHANCED:
When new industries are set up and new goods are made in the industries these goods are sold to other countries. In this way inland and international trade activities are enhanced.
9) RAISES STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE PEOPLE:
By industrialization the income of the output workers is increased and ultimately their standard of living increases.
10) INCREASES STATE REVENUES AND COUNTRY BECOMES SELF RELIANT:
Due to industrialization when trade activities increase state revenues also increases and country becomes self reliant.
CONCLUSION:
The process of progress and advancement in economic and social sectors is called the national development. Industrialization is essential for the development of any country. Economic development, political stability, strong defence and high standard of living of the people are not possible without industrialization. More and more industries should be established for national development.
Q.4: Write a note on cotton and sugar industries in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan is an agricultural country but our objective is to make Pakistan an industrial country, because without industrial development there is no concept of progress. All the developed countries got progress through the process of industrialization. Sugar and cotton industries are two big industries of Pakistan. Pakistan's biggest export is cotton and the products of cotton. These two industries are playing an important role for national development.
A) COTTON INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN:
- COTTON INDUSTRY:
It is an agro-based industry. Cotton is very important cash crop of Pakistan and it is grown in Punjab and Sindh. This industry is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. By units it is the biggest industry of Pakistan. Hundreds of textile units of cotton are there is Pakistan. The first textile mill of the country was established in 1948 at Karachi. - PRODUCTION:
As it is the biggest industry of Pakistan, so Pakistan is self sufficient in the production of cotton. Not only we are fulfilling the national needs we are also exporting it. Government of Pakistan is paying great attention towards production of cotton. Many facilities are provided to the farmers to increase the production of cotton in Pakistan. - PAKISTAN'S BIGGEST EXPORT:
Among all commodities cotton is the biggest export of Pakistan, as it is the biggest source of earning foreign exchange of the country that's why this industry is called the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. U.S.A, Japan, Hong Kong and many other countries are the main buyers of Pakistani cotton, textile and products of cotton. - MAIN CENTERS OF COTTON TEXTILE:
The cotton textile centers have been spread in different cities but Faisalabad is the biggest center of cotton industry. Cotton hand looms and cotton textile both dominate in the whole country. Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Swat and Quetta are the other main centers for its production. - GREAT SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR:
Cotton industry is the biggest industry of Pakistan. About 50% of industrial labour is employed in the textile industry. More than 500 textile mills are working in the country. In Pakistan there is great unemployment that's why this industry has great importance as for as the provision of jobs to the people are concerned. - IMPORTANCE OF COTTON INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN:
Cotton industry has great importance for the economy of Pakistan, because it is the biggest source of earning foreign exchange for the country as well as revenue. Another importance is this, that 50% of the total industrial labour belongs to this industry and it is playing great role to reduce unemployment.
SUGAR INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN:
- SUGAR INDUSTRY:
Like cotton sugar is also very big industry of Pakistan. It is agro-based industry. Sugar cane and beet are the basic needs of this industry. 78 sugar mills are working in Pakistan. Its raw material is sugar cane and is largely produced in Punjab, Sindh and (N.W.F.P) that's why many sugar mills have been setup in the country. When Pakistan came into being there were only two sugar mills at Rahwali and Takht Bhai. Now it is one of the leading industry of the country. - PRODUCTION:
As 78 factories (40 in Punjab, 30 in Sindh, 6 in N.W.F.P) are working and producing sugar in Pakistan, so Pakistan is self sufficient in its production and now Pakistan is exporting it and earning foreign exchange. It is best quality sugar and country produces 5 million tones of refined sugar. Now a days there is shortage of sugar in Pakistan which is temporary. Soon Pakistan will be able to export it. - ITEM OF EXPORT:
Sugar is an item of export and we earn a considerable amount of foreign exchange by exporting it which is utilized for the development of the country. - MAIN CENTRES:
Most of the sugar mills are in Punjab and Sindh. Its main centers are in Rahwali near Gujranwala (Punjab), Chistian, Mandi Bahauddin, Tando Muhammad Khan, Thatta, Nawab Shah, Badin, Dadu, Mir Pur Khas, Mardan, Tukht Bhai (K.P.K), Char Saddah and Khazana. - SOURCE OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR:
It is a great source of industrial labour as many sugar mills are working in Pakistan. In last ten years thousands of people got jobs in different sugar mills. In this way unemployment in Pakistan has been reduced. - IMPORTANCE OF SUGAR INDUSTRY FOR PAKISTAN:
Sugar industry is a big industry of Pakistan. Thousands of workers work in sugar mills. Pakistan fulfills its local requirements by its production and now it is exported to other countries for earning foreign exchange. It has great importance in our economy.
Pakistan is very rapidly becoming an industrial country. Industries are vital for the national development. Cotton and sugar industries are the most important industries of Pakistan because both industries are great source of earning foreign exchange and thousands of people also work in these industries.
Special attention should be paid to increase the quality of the production of cotton textile and sugar in Pakistan.
Q.5: How do means of communication help?
Ans: MEANS OF COMMUNICATION:
All the means through which passengers as well as the commodities are transferred from one place to another are called means of communication. Today in Pakistan four main means of communication i.e. Roadways, Railways, Airways and Water ways are used for communication purpose.
At the time of independence of the country, the means of communication were insufficient and not up to the mark but till today Pakistan has made great progress in the development of means of communication. Means of communication help a lot all the departments of our life.
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION USED IN PAKISTAN:
1) ROADWAYS:
Roads are very important source of transport and communication in our country. Roads are used to transport goods as well as for travel purpose.
In Pakistan there are three types of roads.
- Kutcha Roads:-
which are mostly in the country areas. They are not of good quality. They are also called damaged roads. - Highways:
These types of roads have been built in proper way. These are in good condition and they join different cities. Super High Way, Quetta Zahidan Express Way, G.T. Road and Karakram High Way are the important high ways of Pakistan. - The Motorways:
With the help of huge amount, roads of international standard have also been built in Pakistan, called the Motorways. Lahore, Islamabad Motorway is now part of our network of roads. It is very broad highway and three more Motorways are under construction. Islamabad Peshwar motor way will be handed over to government this year.
2) RAILWAYS:-
Railways is an important and cheap mean of communication. It is used to carry passengers as well as luggage. Agricultural and industrial commodities are also transported from one place to another through this medium also. After the establishment of Pakistan railways has played great role in the development of the country. There is a network of railway tracks across the country. Hundreds of railway stations are there in our country. Now electric train has also been introduced in Pakistan from Lahore to Khanewal. A big railway workshop, where railway engines and bogies are made and repaired is there at Mughalpura, Lahore. The total length of the railway tracks in Pakistan is nearly 13.000 km.
- Role in Inland Trade:
As railway is a cheap medium of communication so it plays great role for inland trade. Mostly trade among the cities of Pakistan is done through this medium.
3) AIRWAYS:
Air transport is given a lot of importance in the world. In Pakistan airways have also great importance because it is quick medium which is used for international trade.
When Pakistan came into being there was no proper airline in Pakistan. Pakistan Air ways established in 1955, now it is called Pakistan International Airline (P.I.A). It has progressed very rapidly and now it has big fleet of aeroplanes and many private airlines are also working is Pakistan. On international Network P.I.A planes are going almost all countries of the world. There are 44 airports in. Pakistan.
- Role in Exports:
Air ways in an expensive medium but it saves time of the traders, so mostly exports of Pakistan are sent through air ways. In this ways, this medium is playing great role for earning foreign exchange.
4) WATERWAYS:
Means of communication, which are used through water, are called waterways.
River and sea water is used for this purpose. In rivers of Pakistan there is less water that's why they are not used for transport purpose. Sea water is used for transport specially for trade. (PNSC) Pakistan National Shipping Corporation has been established for the progress of trade.
Following are the main ports of Pakistan:
- Karachi Port:
It is the oldest and most functional port of Pakistan situated in Arabian Sea. Most of the trade of Pakistan via sea in carried out by Karachi port. - Muhammad Bin Qasim Port:
The second port situated in Sindh is called Muhammad Bin Qasim Port. After working of this port the pressure over Karachi port has been decreased. - Gwadar Port:
It is the third port of Pakistan. It is situated in Baluchistan. This year it will be handed over to Government of Pakistan.
IMPORTANCE OF MEANS OF COMMUNICATION:
Means of communication have vital importance for any country. They play great role for agricultural and industrial development.
Means of communication help through the following ways.
1) DEVELOP INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL SECTORS:
Pakistan is an agricultural country and wants to become an industrial country. For agricultural and industrial development good and quick means of communication are very important.
2) REDUCES UNEMPLOYMENT:
Means of communication help people to reduce unemployment. People can seek employment at distant places and also travel frequently. Thousands of people work in railways, airways and on the sea port.
3) PROMOTE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE:
Through roadways, railways, airways and waterways national and international trades are promoted. Specially airways plays important role for the promotion of international trade and exports.
4) PROMOTE UNITY:
Thousands of people daily travel to different provinces and different parts of the country, in this way national unity is promoted in the country like Pakistan where different nations are living, there is a great need of national unity.
5) HELPFUL IN STRONG DEFENCE:
Means of communication are very helpful for the strong defence of the country. Through quick mobilization of armed forces defence of the country becomes stronger. Strong defence is the great need of the nation to protect its ideology.
6) HELP IN MAINTAINING LAW AND ORDER:
Means of communication help in maintaining law and order in the country. Through quick means of communication law and order agencies reach quickly where they want to reach to maintain peace.
7) HELPFUL FOR THE PROVISION OF QUICK RELIEF DURING NATURAL CALAMITIES:
Quick means of communication are very helpful in case of any natural calamities like floods, earth quakes and fire to provide quick relief to the people.
CONCLUSION:
All sources which help people, travel from one place to another are called means of communication. Different commodities are also transported through the means of communication. In Pakistan as compared to past roadways, railways, airways and waterways have been developed on modern lines.
Means of communication help to increase trade. It is also helpful for strong defence of the country, to increase employment and agricultural and industrial production. More steps must be taken for more quick and modern means of communication for a strong Pakistan.
Q.6: Which important cities are situated on the National highway from Karachi to Peshawar?
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
Among the means of communication roads have great importance for trade and progress of the country.
In Pakistan there is a big network of roads and highways. Motorways have also been built.
a) National Highway:
The oldest and most important highway of Pakistan is called the National highway. It is 1735 kilometres long. It starts from Karachi and goes to Peshawar and Torkham, the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. It connects different cities situated on this road. It is also called Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road).
IMPORTANT CITIES SITUATED ON NATIONAL HIGHWAY:
Following are the main important cities situated on the National Highway.
a) KARACHI:
Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan. It is the largest industrial and trading city of Pakistan. It is capital of Sindh and Pakistan's two most important and functional sea ports Karachi port and Muhammad Bin Qasim Port are situated here. As many industries are there in this city that's why it is very important city. The only Steel Mill of the country is also in Karachi. It has an international airport also.
b) LAHORE:
Lahore is called "The heart of Pakistan". It is the capital of Punjab. It is very important historical and industrial city. Many industries are situated in this city. It is second biggest city of Pakistan. It has an international airport also.
c) HYDERABAD:
It is an important industrial city, situated on National highway. It is only 100 miles from important city of Karachi. It is a second biggest city of the province of Sindh.
d) RAWALPINDI:
It is an important city situated near the capital Islamabad. It is the head quarter of armed forces. It is an industrial city. The head quarters of Pakistan Army is also situated here.
e) PESHAWAR:
It is the capital of N.W.F.P and it is also industrial city. Tribal areas of Pakistan are situated near this city. It is also a historical city. It is an important Air base of Pakistan.
f) BAHAWALPUR:
Bahawalpur was a state in the past. Now it is important city of Pakistan situated on G.T Road. Many industries are situated here.
g) MULTAN:
Multan is one of the big cities of Pakistan. It is an industrial city and called the land of Sufi Saints. It has historical importance. It is an agricultural city.
h) NAWABSHAH:
Nawabshah is not a big city. It is situated in Sindh province. Some important industries are here and it is also agricultural city.
I) SUKKUR:
Sukkur is third big city of Sindh situated on G.T Road. Some industries are in this city and agriculture is also here. Famous Sulckur Barrage is also here.
CONCLUSION:
National highway is the most important and longest road of Pakistan. it was first built by King Sher Shah Suri three centuries ago. Almost all important agricultural and industrial cities are situated on this city that's why it has great importance in our economic set up.
Q.7: What are the uses of E-commerce?
Ans: COMMERCE:
All activities related to trade are called commerce. Commerce or trade activities are essential for the development of any country. They play leading role for the flourish of trade and business of any country. Now commerce and trade activities depend on modern inventions like computer, intemet and on E-mail.
E-COMMERCE:
E-Commerce is the abbreviation of "Electronic Commerce". It means trade with the help of computers and internet. This age is called the age of computer and internet. Whole world is taking benefits from these two important inventions.
Through electronic business trades get many benefits and advantages that's why E-Commerce is used largely by all the traders and it is playing important role for the promotion of trade and commerce.
USES OF E-COMMERCE:
Following are the main uses of E-Commerce.
1) Saves Time:
Time is money, which has great importance in commerce. E-commerce helps to save time. By E-Commerce business deals are finalized in then short time.
2) Helps in Maintaining Record:
It is very helpful in maintaining an updated correct record of trade and business which promotes trade and business.
3) Facilitates Imports and Exports:
Imports and exports play leading role to flourish the trade. E-Commerce helps to facilitates imports and exports of the countries.
4) More Contact with Leading Business Organizations:
For the development of commerce and industries contacts of different countries are necessary. E-Commerce helps to create more contacts with these useful organizations in the world.
5) Promotion of Trade:
By the use of E-commerce internal and external trade promotes which result in the form of progress. Trade activities become quick.
6) Rapid Growth of Exports:
Exports are the main source of earning foreign exchange for any country, which has great value for the advancement of the state. Exports of the country increased by the help of internet and E-mails. In this way E-commerce helps to increase the exports of the country.
7) Helps To Introduce Rapid System of Payment:
It helps to introduce rapid system of payments. When traders receive payments in time, their business promotes and they become prosper.
8) Uses for Purchasing of Shares of Leading Stock Exchange of the World:
It is also used to purchase shares of leading stock exchange of the world like New York, London, Hong Kong, Singapore, etc. This helps the "traders to promote and expand their trade and business.
9) Trade Has Become Easier Better and Quicker:
Thousand of people are attached to E-Commerce and they are earning their living by this modern system.
With the help of E-Commerce trade has become easier, better and quicker as compared to past.
CONCLUSION:
Trade and commerce have great importance for a country because without commerce and trade activities, there is no concept of development. E-commerce means commerce through computer and internet.
E-Commerce is the need of the time. It helps to promote trade and exports of the country. In Pakistan this system has been working for last few years, more improvement is demanded for a sound economy.
Q.8: What steps can be taken for industrial development in Pakistan.
Ans: INTRODUCTION:
It is a fact, that Pakistan is an agricultural country means its major income comes through agricultural sector but from the beginning government of Pakistan has been struggling to make Pakistan an industrial country. All the developed countries of the world are industrial countries because industries are the source of a strong and stable-economy.
All the governments of the past had taken many steps to increase industrial development. More steps are needed for industrial progress.
STEPS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT:
Following steps can be taken to increase industrial development.
1 ) Need of an Effective Ministry:
The Ministry of Industry should be more active and should play an effective role for industrial development.
2) Provision of Capital:
The next major problem of industrialization in Pakistan is lack of capital. For the major industries like iron, steel chemical and automobile the required amount of capital is very high. Government should provide capital to the industrialists.
3) The Law and Order Situation has to be Improved:
In some parts of the country the law and order situation is not under control. For industrialization law and order situation has to be improved.
4) New Investment Policy is needed:
A clear cut policy is to be chalked out, for investment both for local and foreign investors.
5) More Technical Institutions:
Pakistan needs more technical institutions which could improve skill of labour which is important for industrialization.
6) More Incentives to Investors:
More and more incentives should be provided to local and foreign investors for the establishments of new industries.
7) Quality of the Products should be Increased:
For the development of industries quality of the products should be increased which is necessary for industrialization.
8) Privatization:
The policy of privatization of sick public units should be adopted through privatization industrial output and quality of goods will be improved.
9) Industrial Zones:
New industrial zones should be formed. In this way backward areas will be developed and new industries will also be established.
10) Communication Facilities:
Better communication facilities are step forward for industrialization, because in this way they can get easy approach to the market for their goods and also for raw Materials.
11 ) Labour Welfare Laws:
The betterment of the labour ultimately effects the betterment of the industry. So laws should be made for the welfare and betterment of the labour force.
12) Betterment of Energy Resources:
Frequent shut down and load shedding of electricity have a harmful impact on industrial production. It also disappoints the investors specially the foreign investors.
CONCLUSION:
Pakistan is a developing country and it has to travel a long way to become a developed and industrial country. Industrialization is as necessary for its development as other factors are important for its uplift. So we should get a lesson from the developed nation in this regard. More and more industries should be established in the country for a sound economy. Government should take concrete steps for industrialization in Pakistan.
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