hapter No.9 - Education In Pakistan - Text Book Exercise - Pakistan Studies For Class X

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EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN

Text Book Exercise

By Ustani G
(YouTube Channel)

Q.1: Describe the importance of education in the development of a country?
Ans: Education occupies a fundamental place in the development and progress of a country and thereby the individuals are enriched with the wealth of knowledge.

• With the help of education knowledge and culture of the people is transferred from one generation to coming generation.
• It helps in understanding the ideology of a nation and suggests ways to strengthen this ideology.
• It develops a sense of nationhood and patriotism among the individuals.
• It helps in understanding the rights and duties of a citizen to perform his or her role for the welfare and progress of the society.
• It helps in developing creative abilities of people to accelerate the process of healthy and constructive change in the society.
• It helps to understand that educational development and economic progress are linked with each other with a high standard of education more skilled people will be produced who will work for the progress and development of the country.

Q.2: Highlight the important aspects of education as mentioned in the National Education policy 1998-2010?
Ans: National Education policy 1998-2010 stressed the need and importance of the following aspects of education:

• Future of youth is based on education.
• Universal primary education is formal and informal way.
• Promotion of vocational and professional education.
• Out of school children would be given high priority.
• At least one model Secondary School at district level.
• Multiple Textbooks would be introduced at secondary level.
• Project method of Teaching at secondary level would be introduced.
• Education card for needy students at secondary level.
• Salary of Teachers would be based on qualification.
• Education Service Commission would appoint Teachers.
• A Teacher service Training Academy for In-Service Teachers.
• System of Assessment for Teachers.
• Autonomy given to the colleges.
• Status of Madarasa is equal to Degree.
• According to this policy 19,000 Primary, 750 Secondary Schools, 1500 degree colleges, 250 vocational colleges and 23 universities will be opened.

Q.3: Mention the socio-cultural importance of education?
Ans: SOCIAL-CULTURAL ASPECTS:
Illiteracy is the root cause of all social evils. A number of social and cultural traditions are in practice due to lack of education. There are a number of customs and traditions which are contrary to Islamic teachings and values, for example, air shooting at the time of marriages quarrel’s on the appearance of moon and the use of drugs. The intellectual level of people is manifested in their culture hence cultural values can only be purposeful if people have certain level of education. The art, poetry, literature and music cannot be appreciated without education. The decency in the daily affairs and dealing with others will be possible with instrument of education. An educated person is distinguished by his manners. The wealth alone cannot raise the culture life but it is education which makes the people cultural and civilized. So education is an important agent of change in the attitude, behavior and the way to live. It is help in eradicating social evils.

Q.4: Describe the structure of formal education in Pakistan?
Ans: STRUCTURE OF FORMAL EDUCATION:
Formal system of education means provisions of education by establishing different educational institutions prescribing textbooks appointing teachers establishing a system of education awarding certificates and degrees. The spirit of formal system lies in management control and discipline the formal system is fully controlled by the government.
Formal education system is categorized as follow:

• Primary Stage:
  Its starts from class I to V. Its total duration is 5 year. Children are admitted in class- I at the age of 4 + or 5 years of age.
  
  
• Middle Stage:
  It duration is 3 years. Children after passing primary stage are admitted in class VI. A certification is issued by the school after passing middle stage.
  
  
• Secondary Stage:
  It starts from class 9-10 with the duration of 2 years students who have passed middle stage are admitted in class IX. The board issued a certificate on passing secondary school examination.
  
  
• Higher Secondary Stage:
  It starts from class IX to XII students after passing Secondary School examination are admitted in the higher secondary class. Its duration is 2 years.
  
  
• Degree Level:
  It starts after the students pass higher secondary level of education and are admitted in a college to earn a degree. The government has raised its duration from 2 to 3 years. Now it starts from the 13thyear to 15th year of studies. University issues a degree to successful candidates however in many parts of the country the Degree course is of duration of two years.
  
  
• University Level:
  It starts after the students pass degree level examination from the college. Its duration is 2 years. Degree is issued by the university on successful completion of the course and passing the examination.

Q.5: What are the main components of the scheme of studies at secondary level of education?
Ans: Scheme of studies means the courses syllabi prescribed at different levels. Scheme of studies at different level of education are quite distinct from each other:

• Primary Level:
  Subjects include: Regional languages, Urdu, Counting, Simple Arithmetic, Nature Study and Islamiyat.
  
  
• Middle Level:
  Subjects include: Regional languages, Urdu, English, Algebra, Geometry, Science, Social Studies and Islamiyat.
  
  
• Secondary Level:
  At this level Urdu, English, Islamiyat, Pakistan studies are the Compulsory subjects for all groups of students. Humanities group of students opt for the General Science as compulsory subject. A part they opt for Mathematics and two other subjects in humanities Science students study physics chemistry Mathematics and Biology along with compulsory subjects.
  
  
• Higher Secondary Level:
  Urdu, English, Islamiyat, Pakistan studies are the Compulsory subjects for both Science and Arts groups. Science group students take 3 science subjects and arts group students take 3 arts subject. Science group is further divided into: Pre-engineering, Pre-medical group and General Science group, Commerce group students take commerce subjects.
  
  
• Degree Level:
  Compulsory subjects are Functional English, Pakistan studies, and Islamiyat at B.A/B.SC level. Students also choose 2-3 optional subjects along with compulsory subjects.
  
  
• University Level:
  At master level, students select one discipline. Each discipline has 7-8 subjects.

Q.6.: Write a note on Teacher-Training Program in Pakistan?
Ans: No system of education is above the level of its teachers. Teachers play a crucial role in the system of education. It is important that these teachers are equipped with proper knowledge, skills and attitudes in carrying out the goals of education and fulfilling their obligations. Teacher training has certain levels which correspond with the general education ability of the teachers. There are three levels of teachers training.

1. Primary School Teachers:
   Teachers for the primary schools are trained and must have passed secondary school examination they are provided one year training after completion of this training they are awarded a certificate called primary teachers certificate (PTC).
   
   
2. Middle School Teachers:
   Those who possess FA/F.Sc certificate are given one year training and warded a certificate called certificate in education (CT).
   
   
3. Secondary School Teachers:
   Those who possess BA/B.Sc degree are provided one year training called “Bachelor of education” (B.ED) at the government college of education. These colleges are at a few selected places in each province of the country. Those who further want to specialize in the subject of education under go one year course called master in education (M.ED) this course is conducted by the colleges of education and in the Institutes of education in the universities.

Q.7: Describe the importance of Technical and Vocational education in Pakistan?
Ans: The present era is that of technical and Vocational education which helps in sustainable economic and industrial development, Therefore government has paid attention to improve technical and Vocational education in the country polytechnic institutes have been set up at the level of each district head quarter. Matric pass students are admitted in these institutes one the basic of their Merit. The students are awarded Diploma in Technical Education. Government has started technical projects in the country that objective is to provide physical facilities for technical education institutions provide equipment, improve courses of technical education and prepare teachers for imparting technical education. A science education project has also been started by the government of Pakistan. The ojective is to improve standard of education in the courses of Mathematics Science and computer science. About 6 million students will benefit from these courses.

Q.8: What are the educational problems of Pakistan?
Ans: EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS IN  PAKISTAN:

• Attitude of the Feudal:
  The feudal system in the main hurdle to our education system. The feudal lords do not want that the poor people’s children get education. They fear that if people are educated, they will lose the cheap labor so they discourage people and stop them to get education.
  
  
• Dropouts:
  Each stage of the education of the children dropout rate has increased. About 85% children are admitted in primary schools but hardly 56% children complete the 5 years cycle of primary education.
  
  
• Teacher Absenteeism:
  In rural area teacher Absenteeism has adversely affected the progress in education.
  
  
• High Fees of Private Educational Institution:
  Private sector educational institutions charge high fees as compared to the facilities provided there. Teachers are over worked but paid low salaries Government should exercise control over these schools Registration fee in the private school.
  
  
• Shortage of Physical Facilities:
  The shortage of physical facilities and equipment in the primary schools has resulted in the decline in the level of education about 25,000 primary schools are without proper buildings. Most of the schools have no boundary walls, no toilets and no water facilities. There is shortage of furniture I these schools. The quality of education is poor in their schools.
  
  
• Non Availability of Textbooks:
  Many pupils do not afford the higher cost of textbooks. Textbooks prescribed by the private and English medium schools are very expensive.
  
  
• Political Interference:
  Public representative interfere in the administration of educational institutions especially in the appointment and transfer of teachers. Merit ignored and appointments are made on favoritism or political recommendations.

Q.9: Mention the objectives of IT education in Pakistan?
Ans: OBJECTIVES OF IT EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN:

• To modernize the educational system of Pakistan by introducing information technology at all levels.
• To provide access to research and modern information through the internet.
• To familiarize information technology among the children of all ages and prepares them for.
• To emphasize the varied roles of computer as a leaning tool in the classroom.
• To employee communication technology for the training of teachers and other education activities.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1) No real progress is possible without education.
2) First educational conference in Pakistan was held in the year 1947.
3) Compulsory Primary Education act was enforced in Pakistan in 2004-2005.
4) The first step of formal system of education in Pakistan is Primary Stage.
5) Professional education includes diploma, engineering degree, medical degree, and commerce fields.
6) Sindh Textbook Board is responsible for the preparation and development of textbooks in Sindh.

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