English X - Chapter No.15 - Reference To Context

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AN AFRICAN VILLAGE
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters and poems thoroughly for reference to context Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
Lesson Name: An African Village


1."No wonder, it was called the "Dark Continent" once."
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Which continent was called "Dark continent and why?
(iii) How many independent countries are there in this continent?
(iv) Which is the largest country of this continent and where is it?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: "An African Village".
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii)  Africa was once called the "Dark Continent". Because its northern parts have had relations with Europe and Asia for many centuries but very little was known about other parts till the middle of the 19 ^th  century.
(iii) Africa is the second largest Continent and it consists of more than thirty-five independent countries.
(iv) Nigeria is the largest country and it is the most thickly populated of all the African countries. It is in  West  Africa

2."The farmers’ settlements or villages are scattered in the bush where they cultivate the land"
(i) Name the lesson from which this lines has been extracted.
(ii) Where are these villages ? What do you know about these villages?
(iii) What is the bush area made up of ?
Ans:
(i) These lines has been extracted from the lesson "An African Village".
(ii) These villages are in Nigeria. A Nigerian village may consist of a dozen to about three dozen huts. The farmers’ settlements or villages are scattered in the bush where they cultivate the land. The African villages are being introduced to the modern facilities of transport and communications.
(iii)  A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest which thins out into bush. The bush area is consisted of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bush and grass.

3. "A narrow opening was left for entrance on the side toward the sun."
(i) Name the lesson from which this lines has been extracted.
(ii) What is being talked about in this line?
(iii) What sort of country is Nigeria?
Ans:
(i) These lines has been extracted from the lesson "An African Village".
(ii) In above line, the roof of hut in Nigerian villages are mentioned. These roofs were cone shaped and also thatched with a thick layer of straw, grass, reeds, or palm-leaves. A narrow opening was left for entrance on the side toward the sun.
(iii) Nigeria is mainly an agricultural country. It is the largest country of West Africa and is the most thickly populated of all the African countries. Most of its inhabitants are farmers who live in villages. A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest which thins out into bush in the north. The bush consists of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bushes and grass.

4. "The courtyard of the house is the centre of all activities."
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Where and what is the centre of activities?
(iii) Describe in few lines a day in the life of a Nigerian farmer and his wife?
Ans:
(i)  Lesson: "An African Village".
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) The courtyard of the house is the main  centre of all activities. Women do all types of work including cooking and washing and the children play there.  They only use rooms for resting purposes.
(iii) The life a Nigerian villager is a model of hard work. Farmer usually does all the work related to agriculture. They cannot rear cattle on account of a kind of fly whose sting kills the cattle and causes sleeping sickness among human beings. The farmer has to plough the fields with his hands, carry load to the market and walk long distances. They also tend cash crops.
women do the household work. Their courtyard of the house is the center of all activities where women work and cook food. they look after their children. They also look after the food crops

5. "Since electricity has not reached these remote villages, the bush-dwellers still use
wood for lighting and heating purposes."
(i) Name the lesson from which this lines has been extracted.
(ii) What do you know about the remote villages mention in above lines?
(iii) Why the bush-dwellers use woods for lighting and heating purpose?
Ans:
(i) These lines has been extracted from the lesson "An African Village".
(ii)   These are Nigerian villages . These village may consist of a dozen to about three dozen huts. The farmers’ settlements or villages are scattered in the bush where they cultivate the land. The African villages are being introduced to the modern facilities of transport and communications.
(iii) The bush-dwellers still use wood for lighting and heating purposes, since electricity has not reached these remote villages. A large pile of wood is lighted in the middle of the courtyard which gives them light and protects them from cold, mosquitoes and wild beasts.

6. "Usually, women look after the food crops while men tend the cash crops like oil-palms and cocoa trees."
(i) Name the lesson from which this lines has been extracted.
(ii) From which country these people belong. Write few lines about this country?
(iii) What are their food crops and cash crops?
(iv) Who tends the food crops and cash crops?
Ans:
(i) These lines has been extracted from the lesson "An African Village".
(ii) These people belongs to Nigeria. Nigeria is mainly an agricultural country. It is the largest country of West Africa and is the most thickly populated of all the African countries. Most of its inhabitants are farmers who live in villages. A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest which thins out into bush in the north. The bush consists of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bushes and grass.

(iii) The crop, which is edible and we use as food are called food crops. The main food crops of Nigeria are plantains, potatoes, yarns, ground nuts and pepper. While the crop which is export to other countries are called cash crops and the  most important Nigeria’s cash crops are palm oil and cocoa. 

(iv) Women look after the food crops while men tend the cash crops.

7. "One thing that is common in our villages and which we shall miss in an African village is the cattle."
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Why can't the Nigerian farmer rear cattle?
(iii) What are the other differences between Nigerian and our villages?
Ans:
(i)  Lesson: "An African Village".
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii)  The Nigerian farmers can not keep or rearing cattle on account of a kind of dangerous fly (Tse-Tse), whose sting kills the cattle and causes sleeping sickness among human beings which cause death.
(iii) The life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer in many ways. Their agricultural style is quite different from our’s. A Nigerian village may consist of a dozen to about three dozen huts which are separated from one another by cultivated patches of land. There are no streets or lanes. Their daily routine of life also differs from Pakistani farmers.

English X - Chapter No.11 - Reference To Context

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A VILLAGE FAIR
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters and poems thoroughly for reference to context Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
Lesson Name:A Village Fair
Speakers: Bilal, Zubair

1. "I don't know enough of the fair to tell you where to start from."
(i) Name the speaker, the person spoken to and the lesson?
(ii) What did the speaker see in the village when he got down from the bus?
(iii) How was speaker's cousin welcomed him in the village?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Speaker: Bilal
Listener: Zubair
(ii) He saw that the village was well-decorated with colourful buntings and flags because it was the annual fair in its full swing. The streets were crowded with people in a holiday mood.
(iii) His cousin Zubair, who had been waiting for him, gave him a warm welcome with open arms.

2. "You will not see them again till the next annual fair."
(i) Name the speaker, the person spoken to and the lesson?
(ii) Why was it the best time to visit the village?
(iii) What will they not see again till next year and who did go to the village? and why?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Speaker: Zubair
Listener: Bilal
(ii) It was the best time to visit the village because the villagers were celebrating annual fair which is held only once in a year. It was the time of fun and enjoyment. Bilal luckily experienced the amazing sights of this fair.
(iii)  They will not see Village fair again which is held only once in a year. And Bilal went to village as he had summer vacation. He got tired of the city. He decided to spend a few days with his cousin Zubair, who lived in the village.

3.  "I don't like this cruel game. Let's go somewhere else."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Who is the person spoken to?
(iii) Why does the speaker use the word "cruel"? Or What was the cruel game which speaker did not like?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Speaker: Bilal
(ii) Bilal told this to his cousin Zubair.
(iii) In a village fair, when Bilal and his cousin Zubair moved one of the group and  peeped inside the circle. A bear was tied to a pole. A fight was going on between, the bear and three fierce dogs. Bilal considered it a cruel game and did not like it.

4. All types of goods from handkerchiefs to farming tools were being sold in the shops.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken??
(ii) Where and what kinds of shops had been set up ?
(iii) What was the use of these shops? and for whom?
(iv) What were girls, women, children and men buy from here? Or What sort of shopping were the people able to do from there?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) A large number of temporary shops had been set up for the village fair, where all kinds of goods from handkerchiefs to farming tools were available in these shops.
(iii) These shops are very useful for the villagers because the people came from far off places buy and sell their goods. It was a good time to do business. As most of the villagers do their shopping there, these shops were of great use.
(iv) Girls were buying rings and bangles. Women were interested in household goods, specially pottery milk-churners and toys for the children. Men were buying farming tools and such other articles.

5. Conjurers, jugglers and acrobats gave great joy to the children.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken??
(ii) How did the  conjurer and juggler entertain the people?
(iii) What were the other different entertainments the children?
(iv) How did the acrobat perform his tricks?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) The conjurer performed several unbelievable tricks through his clever skill. He took Bilal’s handkerchief and tore it into pieces. When he returned to him, Bilal was astonished to see it undamaged. While the juggler entertained the people through his funny and amazing tricks. He juggled with seven balls at a time without dropping any of them.
(iii) There were a lot for the children to be entertained in the fair. These entertainments include Marry-go rounds,  the monkey show, swings,  performances of conjurers, jugglers and acrobats. All these provided great joy and fun to the children.
(iv) The acrobat walked on a tight rope to the end. He then started climbing up the pole. He reached, the top end and lay down flat balancing himself on the pole. It was quite a dangerous performance. A little carelessness could result in a fall, but he came down safe and sound and got a big cheer from the crowd.

6. There was a special announcement that horse-races were to start in a few minutes.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken??
(ii) Where had been the special announcement and for what?
(iii) What had been happened in horse-race? Or Why people were exciting for horse-race?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) There was a special announcement that horse-races were to start in a few minutes in a village fair held in Zubair's village annually.
(iii) In horse-race first of all the proud owners of beautiful horses were making them walk and dance to the music of drums. The riders took their positions, the whistle blew and the horses galloped off. The people shouted with joy when their favourite horse won the race.

7. There were still quite a number of things to be seen but the boys were too tired. They turned homeward, tired but happy.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken??
(ii) Who were these boys and from where they were returned?
(iii) What was the different entertainments  for the boys in that place?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A Village Fair
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) These boys were Bilal and his cousin Zubair, they returned from the village fair that was  held in Zubair's village.
(iii) The Bilal and Zubair in the village fair had a lot of enjoy. A drum-beating competition, shopping of all types, popular music and delicious food, fights between a bear and three fierce dogs, monkey shows, horse races, dog-races, tent-pegging, performance of conjurers, jugglers and acrobats gave them a worth of their time and money.

English X - Chapter No.17 - Reference To Context

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THE INHERITORS
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters and poems thoroughly for reference to context Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
Lesson Name: The Inheritors
Speakers: Azam, Moazzam and old man

1. "We shall just divide it verbally. For instance, the front part of the cow, which is the better part, shall be yours while the rear part shall be mine. Agreed?"
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Name the person spoken to?
(iii) What is the speaker proposed to divide verbally?
(iv) How was the property divided between two brothers?
(v) What does the word "verbally" mean?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Azam
(ii) Azam spoke these words to his younger brother Moazzam.
(iii) After the death of their father, the two brothers inherited his property which consisted of a cow, a date-palm tree and a blanket. Azam, who was an elder brother told Moazzam that they will divide it verbally.
(iv) Azam, the elder brother was greedy and clever.  While Moazzam, the younger brother, was simple and trusting. Azam suggested that the rear part of cow, the upper part of the date-palm tree and the blanket from sunset to sunrise would belong to him. Where as Moazzam was allotted with the front part of cow, the lower part of the tree and the blanket for the day time. which was surely of no use to Moazzam.
(v)Verbally means "Orally".

2. "Similarly, the top of the date-palm, which you cannot climb, shall be mine while the lower part, that's the trunk, shall be yours. Agreed?"
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Name the person spoken to?
(iii) Who was agree to the division and why?
(iv) why did speaker not give dates to his younger brother?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Azam
(ii)  Azam spoke these words to his younger brother Moazzam.
(iii) Moazzam, who was a younger son of poor farmer, and was innocent and simple.  He was agreed to the division because Azam had cunningly presented the useless part of the property as the better ones. Furthermore he believed that whatever his elder brother will divide, it will beneficial for both of them.
(iv) According to the division, the top part of the date palm tree belonged to Azam.  When the dates were ripe, Azam picked all the fruit. He did not offer even a single date to Moazzam, while Moazzam regularly watered the date palm tree.

3. "It shall be mine only from sunset to sunrise, that's only during the night. It shall be yours for the whole day."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Name the person spoken to? and What is the relation between them?
(iii) What is the speaker proposed to in above lines?  
(iv) Was it any use for him for the whole day?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Azam
(ii) Azam, who was an elder son of poor farmer, spoke these words to his younger brother Moazzam.
(iii) Azam suggested to divide the property verbally. He proposed that he used a blanket at night while his younger brother, Moazzam will use it in day time.
(iv) Moazzam had no use for blanket, because it was hot during the day. At night when it grew cold, he would shiver, while Azam enjoyed a deep, comfortable sleep under the warm blanket.

4. "Then you are a fool. You look after the cow and feed her, and your brother gets all the milk!"
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Who is the person spoken to?
(iii) Who feed the cow and who got the milk?
(iv) Who was very simple and trusting? and why?
(v) Why did the speaker call him a "fool"?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Old Man
(ii) An Old man of a village spoke these words to Moazzam, who was the younger son of the poor farmer and was cheated by his elder brother Azam.
(iii) According to the agreement between Azam and Moazzam, Moazzam had to feed the cow as the front part belonged to him and Azam got the milk as the rear part was his.
(iv) Moazzam was very simple and trusting because he agreed to his elder brother Azam, who had cunningly presented the useless part of the property as the better ones. Furthermore he believed that whatever his elder brother will divide, it will beneficial for both of them.
(v) The old man of the village noticed that how the younger brother, Moazzam was being cheated by the cleverness of his elder brother, Azam. That's why the old man called Moazzam a fool and gave him a wise advice.

5. "But what can I do? This is all according to the agreement between us."
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Name the speaker and the person spoken to?
(iii) What was the agreement between the two?
(iv)  What was the effect of advice on speaker?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Text book: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
(ii) Speaker: Moazzam
Person spoken to: An old man
(iii) The two brothers divided the property verbally, after the death of their poor father.. Azam, the elder brother was greedy and clever.  While Moazzam, the younger brother, was simple and trusting. Azam suggested that the rear part of cow, the upper part of the date-palm tree and the blanket from sunset to sunrise would belong to him. Where as Moazzam was allotted with the front part of cow, the lower part of the tree and the blanket for the day time. which was surely of no use to Moazzam.
(iv)  The old man gave Moazzam a wise advice. Being obedient, he accepted the advice of an old man and answered the cleverness of his brother with his wisdom. In this way he got his due share in the inheritance.

6. "It's mine during the day-time, and I can do with it what I please."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Name the person spoken to?
(iii) What was the speaker talking about or what did he do?
(iv) What was the reaction of the listener?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Moazzam
(ii) Moazzam, the younger brother spoke these words to his elder brother Azam.
(iii) AS according to the agreement the blanket was belong to Moazam during the day, so he soaked the blanket in water during the day, so Azam was unable to sleep under the wet blanket at night.
(iv) Azam agreed to share the blanket with Moazzam at night.

7. "We shall sleep together and shall be more comfortable."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Name the person spoken to?
(iii) How did the person spoken to taught the lesson?
(iv) Why did speaker give up cheating?
(v) What is the moral of the lesson?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Inheritors
Speaker: Azam
(ii) Azam spoke these words to his younger brother Moazzam.
(iii) After advising by an old man, Moazzam wisely foiled Azam’s tricks as:

• When Azam was milking the cow he started hitting the cow’s head with a short stick.
• When Azam had climed the tree to pick ripe dates, Moazzam started cutting the tree with an axe.
• When Azam had found blanket wet at night, as Moazzam soaked it in water through the day.

In this manner, Moazzam was able to teach the lesson to his brother.

(iv) Azam was a clever boy. By Moazzam's behaviour, he guessed that somebody has advised his younger brother to fight for his rights and fair share in the inheritance. When Moazzam followed an old man's advice, Azam found himself helpless and decided to give up cheating to his younger brother.
(v) The moral of the lesson is that falsehood have no ground bases to stand. We should be honest in our dealings and we can answer cleverness by wisdom. We must obey our elder’s advice because their advice is as good as gold.

English X - Chapter No.5 - Reference To Context

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A VISIT
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters and poems thoroughly for reference to context Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book 2 For Class X
Lesson Name: A Visit
Speakers: Mr. Ahmad, Mr. Hassan, Bilal, Sarosh

1. "One man working with this machine can do as much work as one hundred men working without it."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Where and to whom were these words spoken?
(iii) How much work can one man do on the machine?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A visit
Speaker: Mr. Hassan
(ii) Place: In Model Farm
Listeners: Mr. Ahmad's class boys
(iii) Machines have made the work easy for the farmer. That’s why one man can do the work of almost hundred men with the help of machines.

2. "This is wonderful. But, surely machines do not make the grain."
(i) Name the speaker and the person spoken to and name the lesson also?
(ii) What surprised the boys when they reached the model farm?
(iii) How are ploughing, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A visit
Speaker: Bilal (A student)
Listener: Mr.Hassan
(ii) When the boys reached the farm, they were surprised to see such a vast area of farm, where huge machines doing the work of men.
(iii) On the model farm, ploughing is done by tractors. The sowing machine is used for the purpose of seeding where as harvesting is done by Combine.

3. "No, we grow wheat, maize, cotton, sugar-cane and gram. Moreover, we grow vegetables and we also have a large orchard, where we grow mangoes and oranges."
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) Where do they grow all these crops?
(iii) Why were the boys surprised on the vegetable farm?
(iv) What does 'orchard' mean?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A visit
Speaker: Mr. Hassan
(ii) They grow all these crops in a model farm
(iii) The boys were surprised on the vegetable farm to see the vegetable growing out of the season on the vegetable form. They do it by the usage of chemical fertilizers; plentiful supply of water and by the help modern machine.
(iv) An orchard means 'a garden where fruit tress grow.'

4."In this way we would be able to meet the needs of ever growing population of our country.”
(i) Name the speaker and the lesson?
(ii) When did the speaker say these words?
(iii) What was the speaker talking about?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: A visit
Speaker: Mr. Ahmad
(ii) When Mr. Ahmad was returning with his class boys from the visit to the farm, he replied to Bilal.
(iii) Mr. Ahmad was talking about the model farms that if such farms are establish through out the country, the production and quality of crops will improve and it will fulfill the need of a country.

English X - Chapter No.24 - Reference To Context

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THERE'S A GOOD TIME COMING (POEM)
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters and poems throughly for reference to context

Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay (1814-1889)
Explain With Reference To Context (Poem)

1. There's a good time coming, boys,
A good time coming;
We may not live to see the day,
But earth shall glisten in the ray
Of the good time coming.
i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) What do you know about the poet/poetess.
(iii) What does the poet / poetess predict about the future?
(iv) What does 'glisten' mean?
Ans:
i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song writer. He was born in Perth. His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in 1828 and began writing verses in both English and French in 1880. He returned to London and worked for the “Morning Chronicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still live, Mackay wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.
(iii) The poet predicts that the good time coming very soon. He was very optimistic and made a prediction about the future world, which will be in every way is better than ours. The poet is very hopeful about it.
(iv) Glisten means shine

Words and Meanings:
1. Good time: usually means a short period of enjoyment; here it means an era of happiness, which will possibly last forever.
2. Glisten: shine.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay. The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet addresses the boys and assures them that good time is about to come in near future. We may not be able to see that good day, but it will be seen by our next generation. The earth will be brightening by the effect of good time.

2. Cannon balls may aid the truth,
But thought's a weapon stronger;
We'll win our battle by its aid
Wait a little longer.
(i) Name the poem and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) What does Cannon balls mean ?
(iii) What is the message of the poem?
(iv) What do you know about the poet / poetess?
Ans:
i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Text Book: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii) Cannon balls means shells fired from guns.
(iii) The Central Idea of this poem is that an era is to come with there will be no war because there will be a radical change in the outlook of people and nations. The poet Charles Mackay is optimistic that in future nations will agree to code of national behavior humanity will emerge from the dark nights of wars and destruction and hail down of a new better era of peace and prosperity.
(iv) Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song writer. He was born in Perth. His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in 1828 and began writing verses in both English and French in 1880. He returned to London and worked for the “Morning Chronicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still live, Mackay wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.

Words and Meanings:
1. Cannon-balls: shells fired from guns.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay. The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that cannon balls will make the fact clear. In order to achieve the truth, battle no doubt could be fought, but constructive thoughts are stronger weapon which can make us to win the battle of truth. So, the good time is about to come, we should wait for a little time.

3. There's a good time coming, boys,
A good time coming;
The pen shall supersede the sword,
And right, not might, shall be the lord
In the good time coming.
i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) What does the poet means by a good time?
Ans:
(i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) The poet means by a good time is the time when there will be no cruelty, it will be an era of peace, justice, joy and happiness. In that period, might will not be right, but the right will be might. Right will be prevail everywhere. The pen will be mightier than the sword. People will be loved and respected for their virtues and not for wealth. People will hat wars and nobody will be killed for glory's sake.

Words and Meanings:
1. Supersede: take the place of.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay. The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that good time is about to come. In those days the pen will take place of sword, only right things will hold good against power and during that period every one will enjoy its own rights.

4, Worth not birth, shall rule mankind.
And be acknowledged stronger;
The proper impulse has been given-
Wait a little longer.
i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) Does poet expect us to make some effort for achieving it?
(iii) What is the message of the poem?
Ans:
i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) The poet thinks the everyone will have to strive for a good time. He thinks that every man and woman will have to make contribution in achieving this goal. We will have to work for it steadily and wait for a long time to get this goal in a positive and constructive way .
(iii) The message of the poem is that the wars and sufferings are going to end soon. People will become more civilized and cultured. A golden era of peace and happiness is going to start soon. However, all of us will have to struggle for it.

Words and Meanings:
1. Acknowledge: admit.
2. Impulse: push; urge; here direction.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay. The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that in that period a person will be honoured and respected on the basis of individual merits and not on the heredity basis. This change is in process we have to wait for little time.

5. There’s a good time coming boys,
A good time coming
War in all men’s eyes shall be
A monster of iniquity
In the good time coming.
i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) What future does the poet promise to us in above lines?
(iii) What do you know about the poet / poetess?
Ans:
i) Poem:There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) The poet promises a bright future for us. Wars and injustice will vanish from th odd. Peace and happiness will prevail in the world.
(iii) Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song writer. He was born in Perth. His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in 1828 and began writing verses in both English and French in 1880. He returned to London and worked for the “Morning Chronicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still live, Mackay wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.

Words and Meanings:
1. Monster of iniquity: gross injustice.
Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay.
The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that a good time is about to come when mankind will hate the war as the force of injustice and unfairness. The result will be that there will be peace and prosperity in the world.

6, Nations shall not quarrel then,
To prove which is the stronger;
Nor slaughter men for glory's sake
Wait a little longer.
There's good time coming, boys,
(i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) Why does poet ask to wait a little longer?
(iii) What is the moral of the poem?
Ans:
(i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) Poet says that when the good time will come there will be no wars and quarrels between nation of the world for the sake of power and domination and there will be no human killings for the sake of glory. You have to wait little more.
(iii) The world is going to be a peaceful and happy place to live in. There will be no wars, no injustice and no fear. Happiness will prevail in the world.
Words and Meanings:
1. Slaughter: murder; kill. glory's sake: to win fame and honour.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay.
The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that when the good time will come there will be no wars and quarrels between nation of the world for the sake of power and domination and there will be no human killings for the sake of glory. You have to wait little more.

7. A good time coming;
Let us aid it all we can,
Every woman, every man,
The good time coming.
(i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) What appeal does the poet make to us in above lines?
(iii) Do you agree with the poet that a good time is coming?
Ans:
(i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) The poet thinks the everyone will have to strive for a good time. He appeals that every man and woman will have to make contribution in achieving this goal. We will have to work for it steadily and wait for a long time to get this goal in a positive and constructive way .
(iii) Yes, I agree with the poet that a good time is coming. He rightly said that if we worked together, we can bring the ideal future closer in which truthfulness, peace, Justice and merit will prevail all around the World.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay.
The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that let us give help to bring about good time in the world. Each one of us should aim at bringing about good time in the world.

8. Smallest helps, if rightly given,
Make the impulse stronger;
‘T will be strong enough one day
Wait a little longer.
i) Name the poem and the poet / poetess.
(ii) What does Charles Mackay predict about the future in above lines?
(iii) Does poet expect us to make some effort for achieving it?
Ans:
i) Poem: There's a good time coming
Poet: Charles Mackay
(ii) Poet predict that the good time is coming very soon. He makes a forecast about the future world, which will be in every way, much better than ours. The poet is very hopeful about it.
(iii) Yes, Charles Mackay has strong hopes from us and by giving an initiative, he has asked us to bring the ideal future closer to us. According to poet it is our duty to make our combined efforts to get this goal in a positive and constructive way. In this way we can revolutionize the whole World.

Reference to Context:
These lines have been taken from the poem “There’s a good time coming” written by Charles Mackay.
The poet believes that a good time is about to come, when there will be no wars, powerful will not rule the world and the pen will take place of sword.

Explanation:
In these lines poet says that we should keep in our mind that within our own limited spheres of life, if we extend sincere co-operation and helps though smallest but with almost devotion, it would matter a lot and would motivate to those times to come soon. He assures that it will be strong one day when the good time actually comes in the world.

English X - Chapter No.19 - Reference To Context

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THE KHYBER PASS
Reference To Context

Note : Students are advised to read whole chapters thoroughly for reference to context
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
Lesson: The Khyber Pass

Explain With Reference To Context (Prose)

1.  There are many who have travelled through some part of it. It is a narrow mountain valley about fifty kilometres long.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) What do you know about this mountain valley? How long it is?
(iii) Where we go through this mountain valley?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Khyber Pass
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii) Khyber Pass is one of the most famous pass which is a narrow mountain valley. It leads the travellers to Afghanistan, At this side of the pass, is the famous and flourishing city of Peshawar and at the other end, is the frontier post of Torkham. It is about fifty kilometres long.
(iii) From Khyber Pass we can go to Afghanistan and on the other side is the famous city of Peshawar.

2.  The Khyber Pass is as busy a trade route today as it was ever before.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Why it had been a famous trade route in history?
(iii) What did the camel caravans carry from this route formerly?
(iv) By what have the camels caravans been replaced?
(v) Who lives in the mountain of Khyber pass?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Khyber Pass
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii) The Khyber Pass is as busy a trade route today as it was ever in history. Economically, it is also important because it is the most favorable and best connection of East Asian countries with Central Asian countries for trading purposes.
(iii) Formerly the camel caravans carried bales of cotton, silk, carpets and spices from India and China to Afghanistan and beyond. They also brought mirrors, furs, skins and fruits from there for India and the countries to the East.
(iv) The camels caravans have now been replaced by trains, trucks and lorries which are the most advanced and fastest means of transportation.
(v) The brave and freedom loving tribesmen of the frontier live in the mountains. who fought with the mighty British Empire for hundred years and defended their freedom. They are now the defenders of North-Western frontier of Pakistan.

3.  "On the top of nearly every house was a tower with a long, narrow opening in its walls to be used for firing at the enemies."
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Who were on there visiting trip? Why and how many times did they stop during their travelling?
(iii) Name some of the articles that were carried through it for the trade point of view?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Khyber Pass
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii) Bilal's class-fellows made a trip to the Khyber Pass last summer. They hired a bus from Peshawar and started their journey. They stopped twice during their journey. First time they stopped at the Landikotal, the highest place of the passes where they ate some Tikkas and Chappli Kababs. Second time they stopped at the Torkham, a border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here they were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier.
(iii) The caravans which once carried carpets, silks, skins, spices, furs, mirrors and fruits through the Khyber Pass to and from the cities of South Asia and beyond.

4.  Parallel to the road, runs the railway line. It has to run through many tunnels in the mountains.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Name the road and where do we go through this road?
(iii) When and who did lay this railway line and why?
(iv) Which is the highest place along this road?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Khyber Pass
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii) Khyber Pass is one of the most famous pass which is a narrow mountain valley. It leads the travellers to Afghanistan, At this side of the pass, is the famous and flourishing city of Peshawar and at the other end, is the frontier post of Torkham.
(iii) Landi Kotal is the famous place along the Pass because it is the highest place about thirty km away from Jamrod Check post along the pass.

5. They were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier.
(i) Name the lesson and correct English Text Book name from which has this extract been taken?
(ii) Who were on there visiting trip? Why and how many times did they stop during their travelling?
(iii) What did they think, when they stood looking at the hill?
(iv) What is the historical importance of this mountain?
Ans:
(i) Lesson: The Khyber Pass
Text Book Name: Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X
(ii)  Bilal's class-fellows made a trip to the Khyber Pass last summer. They hired a bus from Peshawar and started their journey. They stopped twice during their journey. First time they stopped at the Landikotal, the highest place of the passes where they ate some Tikkas and Chappli Kababs. Second time they stopped at the Torkham, a border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here they were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier.
(iii) As they stood looking at the hills, they thought of the brave soldiers of Mahmood, Babur and Abdali riding along this beautiful Pass. They also thought of the caravans which once carried carpets, silks, skins, spices and fruits through the Khyber Pass to and from the cities of South Asia and beyond.
(iv)The Khyber Pass has been famous in history for thousands of years. The Aryans crossed this Pass nearly four thousand years ago and entered Pakistan. After them came the Mongols and the Tartars. Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi crossed the Khyber Pass seventeen times to attack South Asia. Then came other Muslim conquerors - Shahabuddin Ghauri, Babur and Ahmad Shah Abdali.

English X - Chapter No.3 - Words/Meaning and Summary

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PROFESSIONS

Words/Meaning and Summary

Words / Meaning

S.No.	Words	Meanings
1.	Appreciate	Admire
2.	Available	Accessible
3.	By-product	Secondary product
4.	Command	Order
5.	Coast	Harbour
6.	Cultivating	Producing, Developing
7.	Decree	Order
8.	Deed	Action
9.	Dignity	Respect, Honour
10.	Divine	God's, Of God
11.	Engaged	Busy
12.	Enshrined	Saved, Preserved carefully
13.	Flourish	Prosper
14.	Fulfill	To Complete
15.	Gifted	Talented
16.	Glue	Gum
17.	Harbour	Sea-Shore
18.	Hence	Therefore
19.	Humble	Not proud
20.	Hobby	Leisure activity
21.	Incorporate	Include
22.	Inscribed	Written
23.	Individually	Singly, Separately
24.	Institute	Educational organization or foundation
25.	Keen	Eager
26.	Locally	Regionally. Nearby
27.	Liver-oil	A fatty oil obtained from liver
28.	Marine	Sea
29.	Mercy	Pity
30.	Million	Ten lac
31.	Modernizing	Update
32.	obtain	Achieve
33.	Occupation	Profession
34.	Ocean	Sea
35.	Off-shore	situated at sea some distance from the shore.
36.	Par excellence	The most excellent, The best
37.	Please	Give pleasure
38.	Ponder	Think deeply
39.	Possess	To have
40.	Proper	Suitable
41.	Recognized	Identified
42.	Reflection	Image
43.	Regard	Honor, Opinion
44.	Remain	To stay
45.	Require	To need
46.	Revelation	Wahi
47.	Reverence	Respect
48.	Revering	Respecting
49.	Sacred	Holy
50.	Several	Many
51.	Spoilt	Past tense of spoil, damage
52.	Source	Origin
53.	Status	Position
54.	Strive	Try hard
55.	Tasty	Delicious
56.	Thirst	Desire
57.	Trawler	Large fishing boats
58.	Usually	Generally
59.	Various	Different
60.	Warning	Alert
61.	Worthy	Able
62.	Professional	Concerning one's job

Short note Or PROFESSIONS (Teaching And Fishing)

(A) Teaching:

Teaching is a noble profession. Teacher is the one who knows how to read God’s words, written in Holy book, or on human hearts or in nature. The teacher must possess many important qualities. The first and most important quality of a teacher is that he must love and appreciate his profession. He must prefer the welfare of taught to his own. Another quality of a teacher is that he must have thirst for knowledge. He must be prepared to learn from each and every one, even younger and less gifted. A very important quality of a teacher is that he not only tries to know what is true, good and beautiful, but also seeks to incorporate them in life. He must practice what he preaches.

(B) Fishing:

Fishing is an important occupation. Millions of people are engaged in this profession. The fisherman catches fish from the deep waters. They remain at the sea for days and weeks come back with large quantity of fish. There are two modes of fishing, Inland or fresh water fishing and sea or marine fishing. Fresh water fish are caught from rivers, streams, canals, lakes and ponds. Fresh water fish is small but more tasty Marine fishing in Pakistan is done in Arabian Sea. The Government of Pakistan is paying more attention to fishing industry. Loans are given to fisherman to buy bigger and better boats and nets of good quality. Weather stations have been built along the coast to inform the fishing boats of storms. We get several by from fish, such as glue, manure and liver oil.

General Mathematics For Class IX - Unit 9 - Exercise 9.7

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Unit 9: Algebrics Sentences, Matrices And Equations
Exercise 9.7

General Mathematics For Class IX - Unit 9 - Exercise 9.6

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Unit 9: Algebrics Sentences, Matrices And Equations
Exercise 9.6

English Grammar - Direct And Indirect Speech Rules with Urdu Explanation

Direct And Indirect Speech Rules
with Urdu Explanation