Education Is The Key To Success: Computer studies IX and X

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Monday 20 May 2024

Computer Studies Practicals - For Class IX (Arts /General /Humanities Group)- Basic Commands and Symbols for GW Basic and Flow Chart

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List of Basic Commands and Statements

Basic Commands:

These are some standard Commands of GW BASIC:
Definition: Keywords which are written without line number are called Basic commands. They are used in direct mode.

List: To list all or part of a program to the screen, line printer, or file.
Run: To execute the program currently in memory, or to load a file from the diskette into memory and run it.
Load: To load a file from diskette into memory.
Save: To save a program file on diskette.
Auto: To generate and increment line numbers automatically each time you press the RETURN key.
CLEAR: To set all numeric variables to zero, all string variables to null, and to close all open files. Options set the end of memory and reserve the amount of string and stack space available for use by GW-BASIC.
Delete: To delete program lines or line ranges.
New: To delete the program currently in memory and clear all variables.
Files: To print the names of the files residing on the specified drive.
Kill: To delete a file from a disk.
Renum: To renumber program lines.
Edit: To display a specified line, and to position the cursor under the first digit of the line number, so that the line may be edited.
System: Close GW-Basic

Basic Statements:

These are some standard Statements of GW Basic:
Definition: Keywords which are written with line numbers are called Statements. They are used in in-direct mode.

CLS: To clear the screen.
PRINT: To output a display to the screen.
LPRINT: To print data at the line printer.
END: To terminate program execution, close all files, and return to command level.
REM: To allow explanatory remarks to be inserted in a program.
INPUT: To prepare the program for input from the terminal during program execution.
LET: To assign the value of an expression to a variable.
ON-GOTO: To branch to one of several specified line numbers, depending on the value returned when an expression is evaluated.
IF - THEN: To make a decision regarding program flow based on the result returned by an expression.
LOCATE: To move the cursor to the specified position on the active screen.
FOR – NEXT: To execute instructions a specified number of times in a loop.
Read: To read values from a DATA statement and assign them to variables.
Data: To store the numeric and string constants that are accessed by the program READ statement(s).
TIME$: To set or retrieve the current system time.
DATE$: To set or retrieve the current system date.
DIM: To specify the maximum values for array variable subscripts and allocate storage accordingly.

OR
Important Commands for GW Basic and Flow Chart

Locate: is use to move the cursor to specified row and column.
Syntax: Locate <row>, <column>
Note: Locate statement is used with INPUT and PRINT statement.
Default Screen:-

Text Screen / Screen 0
No. of rows 0-24 = 25
No. of columns 0-79 = 80/2 = 40
available rows- 24/2 = 12

Tab: It is use to print the data at a specified column.
Syntax: Tab(column)
Note: This function is only with Print Statement.
Default Screen:-

Text Screen / Screen 0
No. of rows ?
No. of columns 0-79 = 80/2 = 40

Calculation of Meter Reading:
Input: Meter number, Previous reading, Present reading.
Calculation: Unit consumed = Present reading - Previous reading
Amount Changed = Unit consumed
Output = Meter number, Previous reading, Present reading, Unit consumed, Amount Changed

Counter: is a process that is use to generate sequence of number by addition or subtraction. -- 00 is initial value.

Natural number (1 - so on) (+2)
Even number (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) (+2)
10 CLS
20 Let A=0
30 Let A=A+2
Odd number (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) (-1 Initial)
10 CLS
20 Let A=-1
30 Let A=A+2
Whole number (0, 1 - so on) (-1 Initial)
10 CLS
20 Let A=-1
30 Let A=A+2
Descending number (10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) National number (In natural numbers 1 to 10 or from any value we can start it as an initial value.
Even (D) (10, 8, 6, 4, 2) 12 initial values
Odd (D) (9, 7, 5, 3, 1) 12 initial values
Whole (0, 1, 2 - so on) 12 initial values

Syntax: IV = IV(+/- ) value
A = A + 1 | A |
A = A + 2 | 0 |
A = A + 2 | -1 |
A = A + 1 | -1 |

Go Statement: is use to branch unconditionally
Syntax: Go to (Line number)

If ......... then ......... ELSE : is a conditional statement that is use to create condition in a program
If (condition) Then (condition) Else (condition)
If (clause) Then (clause) Else (clause)
If A=10 Then (END) Else Goto 30.

10 CLS: Print Tab(25) "Sequence of Natural Number" up till 10
20 Let A=0
30 Let A=A+1
40 Print TAB (40) A
50 If A=0 then END
60 Goto 30

Loop: Any process that is repeated more than one is called Loop.
Types Of Loops:

Conditional Loop
Unconditional Loop

Conditional Loop : Any process that is repeated more than once on the basis of any conditional is called conditional loop e.g while ....... wend

Unconditional Loop : Any process that is repeated

Flow Charts Symbols And Rules

All Symbols Of Flow Chart

Wednesday 22 April 2020

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Some Important Questions From Book 2 For Theory

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Some Important Questions
From Book 2

Q.1: What are the main steps involved in the preparation of program? Define each step? OR What are the steps required to solve a problem?

STAGES OR STEPS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF PROGRAM OR
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OR
TO SOLVE PROBLEM

Ans: The preparation of program is a problem solving process and it consist of the following steps or stages.

1. Defining the problem
2. Analysis of the problem
3. Flowchart
4. Algorithm
5. Coding
6. Testing and debugging
7. Implementation
8. Documentation

1. Defining the problem:
In this stage we completely define the problem and the type of information, which is required to solve the problem. This steps achieve the following goals.
(i) Problem description
(ii) Determination of the objective
(iii) Analysis of the input data
(iv) Planning of output

2. Analysis of the problem:
The next stage is problem analysis. In this stage the system analyst focuses on input, which is related to collection, verification, classification and organization of the input data. At this stage the life and flow of data is also been decided into an entire system.

3. Flowchart:
The third stage is flowchart, which is a graphical illustration of sequence of the operations and task performed on the data, of what the computer is suppose to do. There are Two types of flow charts,
(i) Program flowchart: It defines the logic of flowchart and the complete execution of a program. It is divided into two types.
(a) Macro Flowchart (b) Micro flowchart
(ii) System flowchart: It describes the movement of data in the whole system.

4. Algorithm:
This is the fourth stage, in which a series of procedural steps required to solve the problem. An Algorithm usually written in ordinary English language and use the mathematical symbols, if required. Algorithm makes coding easier and faster as all the steps and logics are written clearly.

5. Coding:
Once the algorithm has been written it is translated into corresponding statements in an appropriate programming language by the programmer. This process is called Coding, which produce a computer-based solution of a problem in the form of computer program.

6. Testing and debugging:
The nest stage that comes after the preparation and before the implementation is the determination of performance and efficiency of the program according to the requirement of the problem definition. At this stage program is tested. A set of input is given to that program and the output is analyzed.
If the output is not according to the expectation, this means that program contains some Bugs (errors). The process of Elimination of bugs is called Debugging. There are three types of errors those occur in a computer programme.
(a) syntax error (b) logical error and (c) runtime error

7. Implementation:
After successful completion of testing and debugging stage, the program is adopted for implementation. In this stage real data is fed to the system. Processing and output system is critically monitored in order to ascertain its efficiency and accuracy. It has following major activities.
(a) Develop detailed programming specification.
(b) develop Test specification and test data.
(c) Write computer programs
(d) Test computer programs.
(e) User training
(f) System testing
(g) File conversion
(h) Change over to new system.

8. Documentation:
The Last phase of problem solving or program preparation is known as documentation. Documentation. is the process of collecting, organizing, and storing all the related information like flowchart, algorithm, coding sheets, manuals, etc. on the paper. There are following two types of documentation.
(a) Use documentation
(b) Technical documentation

Loops and its type

Q.2: Define Loops and its type?
Ans. Loops:
Loops are the way through which we can cause a statement or group of statements to be repeated for a define number of lines.

Types Of loops:
There are two type of loops

Iterative loop: An iterative loop can be created when the number of repetitions (iterations) are known in advance. In BASIC, FOR...NEXT staement is used for this purpose.
Conditional loop: The loop in which the number of reprtitions to be performed are not known in advance i.e. they depend on some condition (s) to be met, such kind of loops are called conditional loops. In BASIC, WHILE...WEND statements is used for creating conditional loops.

Tuesday 31 December 2019

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.3

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Practical No. 3: W.A.P. to calculate the SQUARE and CUBE of first ten natural numbers.

10 CLS
20 PRINT “NUMBERS”, “SQUARE”, “CUBE”
30 PRINT “~~~~~~~~~”, “~~~~~~~~”, “~~~~”
40 FOR N = 1 TO 10
50 PRINT N, N^2, N^3
60 NEXT N
70 PRINT STRING$(35, “~”)
80 END
RUN

10 REM CALCULATE SQUARE AND CUBE OF FIRST TEN NATURAL NUMBERS
20 CLS
30 PRINT TAB(5) "NUMBERS", "SQUARES", "CUBE"
40 FOR N = 1 TO 10
50 LET S = N^2
60 LET C = N^3
70 PRINT TAB(5) N, S, C
80 NEXT N
90 END

OUTPUT

NUMBERS SQUARES CUBE
1 1 1
2 4 8
3 9 27
4 16 64
5 25 125
6 36 216
7 49 343
8 64 512
9 81 729
10 100 1000

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.1

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Practical No. 1: W.A.P. to PRINT your name by using IF......THEN

10 CLS
20 Input "Enter your Name",N$
30 Let A = 0
40 Let A = A + 1
50 Print "Name",N$
60 If A=10 then END
70 Goto 40
RUN

10 REM PRINT YOUR NAME TEN TIME BY USING IF..... THEN STATEMENT
20 CLS
30 INPUT "ENTER YOUR NAME:";N$
40 PRINT TAB(10) N$
50 LET A = A + 1
60 IF A = 10 THEN GOTO 70 ELSE GOTO 40
70 END
RUN

OUTPUT

GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.12

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Practical No. 12: W.A.P. to calculate the sum of first ten natural numbers.

10 CLS
20 For A=1 to 10 Step 1
30 Let S=S+A
40 Print A,S
50 Next A
RUN

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.2

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Practical No. 2: W.A.P. to PRINT your name by using For......NEXT

10 CLS
20 Input "Enter your Name",N$
30 For A=1 to 10 Step 1
40 Print "Name",N$
50 Next A
RUN

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.9

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Practical No. 9: W.A.P. to find out the number of male and female out of 10 students. Where the inputted data is Name and Gender.

10 CLS
20 Let A=0
30 Let A=A+1
40 Input "Enter your Name",N$
50 Input "Enter your Gender",G$
60 If G$="M" then M=M+1
70 If G$="F" then F=F+1
80 If A=10 then Go to Else go to 30
90 Print "Number of Male",M
100 Print "Number of Female",F
110 END
RUN

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.5

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Practical No. 5: W.A.P. to prepare any multiplication table up till ten times.

10 CLS
20 Input"Enter any Multiplication table", M
30 Let A=0
40 Let A=A+1
50 Let B= M*A
60 Print M"*"A"="B
70 If A=10 then END
80 Go to 40
RUN

10 CLS
20 Let A=0
30 Let A=A+1
40 Let B= 2*A
50 Print 2"*"A"="B
50 If A=10 then END
70 Go to 40
RUN

OUTPUT

2 * 1 = 2
2 * 2 = 4
2 * 3 = 6
2 * 4 = 8
2 * 5 = 10
2 * 6 = 12
2 * 7 = 14
2 * 8 = 16
2 * 9 = 18
2 * 10 = 20

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.6

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Practical No. 6: W.A.P. to generate the sequence of 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 in ascending and descending order.

Ascending Order
10 CLS: Print Tab(25)"Sequence of number from 3 till 28"
20 Let A=-2
30 Let A=A+5
40 Print Tab(40) A
50 If A=28 then END
60 Go to 30
RUN

Descending Order
10 CLS: Print Tab(25)"Sequence of number from 3 till 28"
20 Let A=33
30 Let A=A+-
40 Print Tab(40) A
If A=3 then END
60 Go to 30
RUN

Monday 30 December 2019

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.13

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Practical No. 13: W.A.P. to prepare an employee salary sheet. Name, Designation, Basic salary, total deduction, total Allowances. Calculate NET Salary = Basic Salary + Total Allowance- Total Deduction.

10 CLS: Print TAB(28) "Employee Salary".
20 Print TAB(28) "*******"
30 Locate 7, 26: Input "Enter Name",N$
40 Locate 8, 26: Input "Enter Designation",D$
50 Locate 9, 26: Input "Enter Basic salary",BS
60 Locate 10, 26: Input "Total Allowance",TA
70 Locate 11, 26: Input "Total Deduction",TD
80 Let N$ = BS+TA-TD
90 CLS
100 Print TAB(26) "Name"TAB(37)N$
110 Print TAB(26) "Designation"TAB(37)D$
120 Print TAB(26) "Basic salary"TAB(37)BS
130 Print TAB(26) "Total Allowance"TAB(37)TA
140 Print TAB(26) "Total Deduction"TAB(37)TD
150 Print TAB(26) "Net Salary"TAB(37)NS
160 END
RUN

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.8

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Practical No. 8a: W.A.P. to convert dollars into rupees, where dollars rate is Rs.158.

10 CLS: Print TAB(28) "Conversion of Dollar into rupees".
20 Locate 7, 26: Input "Enter Number of Dollar",D
30 Let Rupees = Dollar*158
40 CLS
50 Print TAB(26) "Number of Dollar"TAB(37)D
60 Print TAB(26) "Rupees"TAB(37)Rupees
70 END
RUN

Practical No. 8b: W.A.P. to convert rupees into dollars, where dollars rate is Rs.158.

10 CLS: Print TAB(28) "Conversion of rupees into Dollar".
20 Locate 7, 26: Input "Enter Number of Rupees",R
30 Let Dollar = R/158
40 CLS
50 Print TAB(26) "Number of Rupees"TAB(37)R
60 Print TAB(26) "Dollar"TAB(37)Dollar
70 END
RUN

10 REM CONVERT DOLLARS INTO RUPEES AND RUPEES INTO DOLLARS
20 REM WHERE THE RATE IS 1$ = Rs.60
30 CLS
40 PRINT "TO CONVERT DOLLARS INTO RUPEES"
50 INPUT "ENTER VALUE IN DOLLARS($) =:";D
60 LET R = D * 60
70 PRINT D, "DOLLARS", "="R, "RUPEES"
80 PRINT "TO CONVERT RUPEES INTO DOLLARS"
90 INPUT "ENTER VALUE IN RUPEES(Rs.) =:";R1
100 LET D1 = R1 / 60
110 PRINT R1, "RUPEES", "="D1, "DOLLARS"
120 END

OUTPUT

500 DOLLARS = 30000 RUPEES
30000 RUPEES = 500 DOLLARS

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.10

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Practical No. 10: W.A.P. to prepare an electricity bill. Where @ 1 unit=Rs.125.

10 CLS: Print TAB(28) "Electricity Bill"
20 Locate 7, 30: Input "Enter Meter no",M$
30 Locate 8, 30: Input "Enter Previous reading",P
40 Locate 9, 30: Input "Enter present reading",PR
50 Let UC = PR-P
60 Let AC = UC*125
70 CLS
80 Print TAB(30) "Meter no"TAB(37)M$
90 Print TAB(30) "Previous reading"TAB(37)P
100 Print TAB(30) "present reading"TAB(37)PR
110 Print TAB(30) "Unit Consumed"TAB(37)UC
120 Print TAB(30) "Account Charged"TAB(37)AC
130 END
RUN

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.7

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Practical No. 7: W.A.P. to prepare your Marks sheet of five subjects along with the calculation of total marks and percentage

10 CLS: Print TAB(28) "Marksheet"
20 Locate 7, 26: Input "Enter your Maths Mark",M
30 Locate 8, 26: Input "Enter your English Mark",E
40 Locate 9, 26: Input "Enter your Sindhi Mark",S
50 Locate 10, 26: Input "Enter your Pakistan Studies Mark",P
60 Locate 11, 26: Input "Enter your Science Mark",SP
70 Let TM = M+E+S+P+SP
80 Let Percentage = TM/425*100
90 CLS:?:?:?:? Print TAB(28) "Marksheet"
100 Print TAB(26) "Maths Mark"TAB(52)M
110 Print TAB(26) "English Mark"TAB(52)E
120 Print TAB(26) "Sindhi Mark"TAB(52)S
130 Print TAB(26) "Pakistan Studies Mark"TAB(52)P
140 Print TAB(26) "Science Mark"TAB(52)SP
150 Print TAB(26) "Total Mark"TAB(52)TM
160 Print TAB(26) "Percentage"TAB(52)Percentage
170 END

RUN

10 REM TO PREPARE MARKS SHEET FOR 5 SUBJECTS WITH PERCENTAGE
20 CLS
30 INPUT "ENTER ROLL NUMBER";RN$
40 INPUT "ENTER STUDENT'S NAME";SN$
50 INPUT "ENTER FATHER'S NAME";FA$
60 INPUT "ENTER CLASS";CL$
70 INPUT "MARKS IN ENGLISH";E
80 INPUT "MARKS IN SINDHI";S
90 INPUT "MARKS IN PAKISTAN STUDIES";P
100 INPUT "MARKS IN CHEMISTRY";CH
110 INPUT "MARKS IN COMPUTER";CO
120 LET OBTMARKS = E + S + P + CH + CO
130 LET PER = (OBTMARKS / 425 ) * 100
140 PRINT TAB(10) "MARKS SHEET FOR 5 SUBJECTS WITH PERCENTAGE"
150 PRINT TAB(10) "STEP BY STEP SCHOOL"
160 PRINT "ROLL NUMBER:";RN
170 PRINT "STUDENT'S NAME:";SN$
180 PRINT "FATHER'S NAME:";FA$
190 PRINT "CLASS:";CL$
200 PRINT TAB(5) "SUBJECTS", "MAX.MARKS", "PASSING MARKS",

"OBTAINED MARKS"
210 PRINT TAB(5) "ENGLISH", "75", "25", E
220 PRINT TAB(5) "SINDHI", "75", "25", S
230 PRINT TAB(5) "PAKISTAN STUDIES"; "75", "25", P
240 PRINT TAB(5) "CHEMISTRY", "100", "33", CH
250 PRINT TAB(5) "COMPUTER", "100", "33", CO
260 PRINT TAB(5) "TOTAL MARKS", "425", " ", OBTMARKS
270 PRINT TAB(10) "PERCENTAGE====",PER
280 END

OUTPUT

MARKS SHEET FOR 5 SUBJECTS WITH PERCENTAGE

STEP BY STEP SCHOOL

ROLL NUMBER: 12345
STUDENT'S NAME: ALI
FATHER'S NAME: AKHTAR
CLASS: IX

SUBJECTS MAX.MARKS PASSING MARKS OBTAINED MARKS
ENGLISH 75 25 45
SINDHI 75 25 49
PAKISTAN STUDIES 75 25 58
CHEMISTRY 100 33 87
COMPUTER 100 33 95

TOTAL 425 334

PERCENTAGE==== 78.58823%

Sunday 29 December 2019

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No.4

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Practical No. 4: W.A.P. to calculate the average of any four numbers.

10 CLS: Print TAB(37) "Average of any four numbers".
20 Locate 6, 30: Input "Enter your First Number",A
30 Locate 7, 30: Input "Enter your Second Number",B
40 Locate 8, 30: Input "Enter your Third Number",C
50 Locate 9, 30: Input "Enter your Fourth Number",D
60 Let Average = (A+B+C+D)/4
70 CLS: Print TAB(37) "Average of any four numbers"
80 Print TAB(30) "First Number",TAB(52)A
90 Print TAB(30) "Second Number",TAB(52)B
100 Print TAB(30) "Third Number",TAB(52)C
110 Print TAB(30) "Fourth Number",TAB(52)D
120 Print TAB(30) "Average",Average
130 END

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Practical No. 11

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Practical No. 11: W.A.P. to prepare BIO-DATA. Inputted data Name, father's name, date of birth, qualification, gender, nationality, Religion.

10 CLS
20 Locate 9, 40
30 Input "Enter your Name",N$
40 Locate 10, 40
50 Input "Enter your father Name",F$
60 Locate 11, 40
70 Input "Enter your Gender",G$
80 Locate 12, 40
90 Input "Enter your Date of Birth",D$
100 Locate 13, 40
110 Input "Enter your Qualification",Q$
120 Locate 14, 40
130 Input "Enter your Religion",R$
140 Locate 15, 40
150 Input "Enter your Nationality",T$
160 CLS
170 Locate 9, 40
180 Print "Name",N$
190 Locate 10, 40
200 Print "Father Name",F$
210 Locate 11, 40
220 Print "Gender",G$
230 Locate 12, 40
240 Print "Date of Birth",D$
250 Locate 13, 40
260 Print "Qualification",Q$
270 Locate 14, 40
280 Print "Religion",R$
290 Locate 15, 40
300 Print "Nationality",T$
310 END

Computer Studies For Class IX (Science) and X (Arts /General /Humanities Group) - Viva Voce -2

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Viva Voce 2

1. Basic is a high level or low level language?
A) It is a high level language

2. When was Basic developed?
A) Basic was developed in 1963.

3. Who invented Basic?
A) DR. JOHN G KEMERY and DR. THOMAS KURTZ.

4. What is the range of line number in Basic?
A) 0 to 65535

5. In how many modes we can operate basic language?
A) There are two modes of Basic. 1) Direct Mode 2) Indirect Mode

6. What is meant by Direct Mode?
A) In direct mode, commands and statements are written without line numbers. In this mode Basic acts like a calculator. The Enter key is used to execute the instructions.

7. What is Indirect Mode?
A) In Indirect mode, commands and statements are written in line numbers. This mode is used for writing Basic Programs.

8. Define programming language.
A) The means and techniques to communicate with the computer hardware in an efficient manner is known as programming language.

9. Define Natural language.
A) Natural languages are highly sophisticated programming languages, which can interact with humans and situations in natural way.

10. What is Debugging?
A) Debugging is the process of detecting locating and correcting errors (bugs) by running the program again and again.

11. What is the geometrical name of I/O box?
A) Parallelogram

12. What is the geometrical name of decision box?
A) Diamond

13. What is the geometrical name of process box?
A) Rectangle

14. What is the geometrical name of on page connector?
A) Circle

15. What is the geometrical name of off page connector?
A) Pentagon

16. What is a program?
A) Program is a set of instructions which are used to solve a problem.

17. Define Flowchart.
A) The pictorial, diagrammatically or graphical representation of the logic of the program is known as flow chart.

18. What is coding?
A) The transformation of Flowchart into an appropriate high level language is known as coding.

19. Define Basic Character set.
A) The set of characters recognized by Basic interpreter is known as Basic character set.

20. In how many ways we can categorize Basic Character Set?
A) It can be characterize in three groups. 1) Numeric character 2) Alphabetic character 3) Special character.

21. What are reserve words?
A) Those words whose meaning has already been mentioned to the GWBASIC interpreter are called Reserved Words or Keywords.

22. Define Command.
A) Those instructions which are used to perform macro operations on the program i-e loading, saving, running etc are called commands.

23. List out various Command names?
A) LIST, RUN, LOAD, SAVE, NEW, AUTO

24. Define statement?
A) Those instructions which are used to perform specified tasks as a part of the program flow are called statements. The statements are usually entered in the indirect mode as part of program.

25. List out various Statement names?
A) PRINT, INPUT, LET, FOR-NEXT, READ

26. Statements are characterized in how many ways?
A) They are characterized as: 1) Executable 2) Non-executable

27. Define Constant.
A) A quantity in a certain program which does not change its value during the execution of the program is known as constant.

28. Define String Constant.
A) A constant which is used to represent non-numeric quantities such as names, addresses etc is known as string constant.

29. Define Numeric Constant.
A) A constant which is used to represent numeric quantities such as marks, percentage quantity etc is known as Numeric Constant.

30. Define Variable.
A) A space (location) in the computer’s memory set aside for a certain kind of data is called variable.

31. What is the function of GOTO statement?
A) The GOTO statement breaks the control execution sequence and transfer control from one portion of the program to another unconditionally.

32. Define String Variable.
A) Memory locations that can store characters or string are known as string variable.

33. Which command is used to generate line numbers automatically?
A) AUTO

34. What is the function of DELETE command in BASIC?
A) Deletes program lines.

35. How many types of Loops are there?
A) Pre-test loop (counter loop) 2) Post-test loop ( Controlled loop)

36. Give an example of Pre-test loop.
A) FOR……NEXT

37. Give an example of Post-test loop.
A) WHILE……..END

38. What is nested loop?
A) A loop within a loop is known as nested loop.

39. What are conditional statements?
A) Those statements which depend upon certain condition for their execution are called CONDITIONAL statements.

40. What is the use of F1 key in basic?
A) To list the entire source code.

41. What is the use of F2 key in basic?
A) To run the program.

42. What is the use of F3 key in basic?
A) To load the program form the directory.

43. What is the use of F4 key in basic?
A) To save the program.

44. How to get the print of source code of basic?
A) F1 then F6

45. How to get the output of a program on paper?
A) Convert all the print statements to Lprint then press F2.

46. What is the use of RENUM command?
A) To arrange the sequence of line numbers.

47. What does BASIC means?
A) BASIC is the abbreviation of Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is a language which was invented to teach students a fundamental concept of programming.

48. Who invented the BASIC Language?
A) In 1963 two Americans John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz developed BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) language for computers at Darmouth College.

49. What are the basic rules of a GW-BASIC program?
A) Every GW-BASIC program should have the following rules:

1-Every program statement must begin with line number.
2-Every program should end with an END statement.
3-There should be no repetition of lines.
4-Every statement should be separated by (: ) colon.

50. How many types of variables are used in GW-BASIC?
A) Two types of variables are used in GW-BASIC. They are called Numeric Variables and String Variables.

51. What are Numeric Variables?
A) Numeric Variables are those variables that can store numeric values.

52. What are String Variables?
A) String Variables are those variables that can store sequence of characters.

53. What is a constant ?
A) A Constant is a quantity whose value cannot be changed; it cannot be changed like a Variable. There are Numeric Constants and String Constants.

54. What is a Numeric Constant?
A) Numeric Constant consists of integers, single-precision or double- precision numbers.

55. What is a String Constant?
A) A String Constant is a sequence of alphanumeric characters enclosed in double quotation marks. The maximum length of a String Constant is 255 characters.

56. What is a Direct Mode?
A) When GW-BASIC is loaded, it shows OK message, it is in Direct Mode. In this mode GW-BASIC commands are executed as they are typed. Results are displayed immediately but the commands themselves are lost after execution.

57. What is an Indirect Mode?
A) The Indirect mode is used to type the programs. The program loaded in memory is executed by entering RUN command.

58. What is a Flow Chart?
A) Flowchart is the pictorial representation of an algorithm. We can present the flow of data in visual form with a Flowchart. The following symbols are used in a Flow chart.

59. What is an Algorithm?
A) An Algorithm is a finite set of steps which, if followed, accomplish a particular task.

60. What are logical errors?
A) Such errors are called Logical Errors that are caused in a program due to improper use of symbols and date or wrong use of formula.

61. What are Syntax Errors?
A) Such errors that arise due to limitation of computer are called Syntax Errors.

62. What is a Loop?
A) Loop is a technique to execute a set of statements repeatedly.

64. What is an array?
A) Such collection of contiguous memory collections is called array which can store data of same type.

65. What are reserved words or Key words?
A) IN GW-BASIC some words have fixed meanings and cannot be used as a variable, such words are called Key Words or reserved Words. Such as, IF, THEN, NEXT, FOR.

66. What is the use of REM statement?
A) We use REM statement to add remarks in our GW-BASIC programs.

67. What is a Screen statement?
A) In GW-BASIC programming Screen statement is used to change the text mode into graphic mode or to change graphic mode into text mode.

68. Why we use Tab with print statement?
A) To provide space to right direction in the screen.

69. When we use dollar sign in gw basic?
A) Whenever we use any string data we use dollar sign with the variable.